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63-900: The singing of the Tantum ergo occurs during adoration and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Catholic Church and other denominations that have this devotion. It is usually sung, though solemn recitation is sometimes done, and permitted. A century-old translation, still used in Catholic churches liturgically, renders the hymn in a form which can be sung to the same tune as the Latin: Other, more modern, English translations exist and are also used in Catholic churches liturgically. The words "procedenti ab utroque / compar sit laudatio"—literally, "May equal praise be to

126-544: A ciborium , which is likewise placed on an altar or in an enclosed tabernacle so that the faithful may pray in its presence without the need for volunteers to be in constant attendance (as is required when the Blessed Sacrament is exposed). The "Instruction on Eucharistic Worship", issued by the Sacred Congregation of Rites on the Feast of Corpus Christi, 25 May 1967, reads in pertinent part, "The exposition of

189-487: A monstrance set upon the altar or at least exposition of a ciborium containing the Blessed Sacrament. Thus "the blessing with the Eucharist is preceded by a reasonable time for readings of the word of God, songs, prayers, and a period for silent prayer", while "exposition merely for the purpose of giving benediction is prohibited". The readings, songs and prayers are meant to direct attention to worship of Christ in

252-674: A few adherents. The 1905 congress took place in Rome, and Pope Pius X presided over it. The practice of prolonged Eucharistic adoration also spread to the United States in the 19th century, and John Neumann , the Bishop of Philadelphia , started the Forty Hours' Devotion there, where it continues to this day. Catholic doctrine holds that at the moment of consecration the elements of bread and wine are changed (substantially) into

315-484: A later date, the Order would revert to its earlier rule of perpetual adoration, but only within houses of no less than twenty religious. The houses with less religious were offered perpetual adoration as an option if it would not interfere with the execution of the house's ministries. In the 18th century, large numbers of people were drawn to quiet adoration of the Eucharist and priests such as Alphonsus Liguori encouraged

378-552: Is a devotional ceremony, celebrated especially in the Roman Catholic Church , but also in some other Christian traditions such as Anglo-Catholicism , whereby a bishop, a priest, or a deacon blesses the congregation with the Eucharist at the end of a period of adoration . The actual benediction or blessing follows exposition of the Blessed Sacrament , i.e., the placing of the consecrated Host in

441-562: Is done by an individual for an uninterrupted hour, this is known as a Holy Hour . The inspiration for the Holy Hour is Matthew 26:40, when in the Garden of Gethsemane the night before his crucifixion , Jesus asks Peter: "So, could you not keep watch with me for one hour?". Some Christian denominations that do not subscribe to transubstantiation consider Eucharistic adoration unfounded and even bordering on idolatry. However, according to

504-577: Is his Opus 2. Duruflé's setting is contained as No. 4 of his Op. 10, Quatre Motets sur des thèmes grégoriens , published in 1960, and uses the plainchant melody. Samuel Webbe composed a motet in 87 87 meter, widely used in the English and American Catholic churches. The Church in the Philippines uses a separate hymn tune from the Pange lingua, whose first three strophes are otherwise sung to

567-405: Is not publicly viewable because it is reserved in a place such as a tabernacle . Adoration is a sign of devotion to and worship of Jesus Christ , who is, according to Christian tradition, present in body, blood, soul, and divinity, under the appearance of the consecrated host , that is, sacramental bread. From a theological perspective, the adoration is a form of latria , based on the tenet of

630-496: Is replaced in the church tabernacle , while an acclamation such as "O Sacrament Most Holy", or the hymn Holy God, We Praise Thy Name . (An exception is if the Divine Praises in expiation of blasphemies, "Blessed be God" etc., follow; in that case, the Blessed Sacrament is put back to the altar, and the Divine Praises are said while an altar server removes the humeral veil from the celebrant and puts it back aside, usually to

693-510: Is required, except that, immediately before the blessing, one or other of seven prayers given in the Rite of Eucharistic Exposition and Benediction , 98 and 224-229 is to be recited. Before publication of the 1973 Rite of Eucharistic Exposition and Benediction , there was no codification of the rite. However, the guidelines for the Diocese of Rome issued under Pope Clement XII (and hence called

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756-474: Is to be adored in the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist with the worship of "latria", including external worship. The Sacrament, therefore, is to be honored with extraordinary festive celebrations (and) solemnly carried from place to place in processions according to the praiseworthy universal rite and custom of the holy Church. The Sacrament is to be publicly exposed for the people's adoration. Following

819-539: Is truly present (body, blood, soul and divinity) in the Eucharist, the reserved sacrament serves as a focal point of adoration. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that: "The Eucharistic presence of Christ begins at the moment of the consecration and endures as long as the Eucharistic species subsist." The practice of adoration itself developed in a climate of Protestantism , and specifically

882-604: The Clementine Instruction ) and drawn up by the Cardinal Vicar , Prospero Lambertini (later Pope Benedict XIV ), were widely adopted. The rite now in force for the Latin Church requires the use of incense at the beginning of the exposition and before the blessing, if the Blessed Sacrament is exposed in a monstrance, but not if a ciborium is used (although sometimes this is omitted). Similarly,

945-709: The Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament . Also in 1858, Eymard, known as the Apostle of the Eucharist , and sister Marguerite Guillot formed the Servants of the Blessed Sacrament which now maintains houses on several continents where continuous Eucharistic adoration takes place. By Decree of the Congregation for the Sacraments and Divine Worship, dated 9 December 1995, Saint Peter Julian Eymard, Priest,

1008-724: The Maronite Catholic Church , have a rite of Benediction. While Benediction with the Blessed Sacrament is not a practice of most Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox churches, or of the Assyrian Church of the East , these churches do believe in the Real Presence . As a sign of this, in many Eastern Orthodox churches, the Eucharist is venerated during the Divine Liturgy ; however, this is part of

1071-660: The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops , exposition "serves to deepen our hunger for Communion with Christ and the rest of the Church." While the keeping of the Blessed Sacrament outside Mass seems to have been part of the Christian practice from the beginning to administer to the sick and dying (both Justin Martyr and Tertullian refer to it), the practice of adoration began somewhat later. One of

1134-432: The real presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament. Christian meditation performed in the presence of the Eucharist outside Mass is called Eucharistic meditation . It has been practiced by saints such as Peter Julian Eymard , Jean Vianney and Thérèse of Lisieux . Authors such as Concepción Cabrera de Armida and Maria Candida of the Eucharist have produced writings recording their Eucharistic meditations. When

1197-527: The 16th century, the Protestant Reformation was challenging various issues with respect to the Eucharist and in response the Council of Trent greatly emphasized the presence of Christ in the Eucharist, the theological basis for Eucharistic adoration. The Trent declaration was the most significant theological component of Eucharistic doctrine since the apostolic age . The statement included

1260-558: The 17th century, the altar came to be seen as the "home of the Blessed Sacrament" where it would be adored. A common early practice of adoration known as Quarantore (literary 'forty hours') started in the 16th century. It is an exercise of devotion in which continuous prayer is made for forty hours before the exposed Blessed Sacrament. This practice started in Milan in the 1530s and 1540s by Capuchins such as Giuseppe da Fermo who promoted long periods of adoration. From Northern Italy it

1323-646: The Blessed Sacrament being carried with incense in procession to the rooms of ill monks. The French Benedictine customary of Cluny known as the Liber tramitis (c. 1043) directs that when the priest carrying the Viaticum enters the home of the invalid, all present should kneel before "the Body of the Lord", including the invalid himself, if he is able to do so." Eucharistic adoration has also been reported, by some authors, among

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1386-506: The Blessed Sacrament is a great treasure of the Catholic faith. It nourishes social love and gives us opportunities for adoration and thanksgiving, for reparation and supplication. Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament, Exposition and Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, Holy Hours, and Eucharistic processions are likewise precious element of your heritage – in full accord with the teaching of the Second Vatican Council. As to

1449-536: The Blessed Sacrament, for which either a monstrance or a ciborium may be used, stimulates the faithful to an awareness of the marvelous presence of Christ and is an invitation to spiritual communion with Him. It is therefore an excellent encouragement to offer Him that worship in spirit and truth which is His due." Speaking to a gathering in Phoenix Park, during a three-day visit to Ireland, from 29 September – 1 October 1979, Pope John Paul II said: The visit to

1512-594: The Catholic church has made Eucharistic exposition and benediction a liturgical service in its own right and exercised more direction over its practice; it draws its primary meaning from the Eucharistic celebration itself. The vicariate apostolic of Kuwait describes the purpose of Eucharistic adoration as thus: "By worshiping the Eucharistic Jesus, we become what God wants us to be! Like a magnet, The Lord draws us to Himself and gently transforms us." At

1575-778: The Classical period John Francis Wade , the Renaissance ( Palestrina ), the Romantic period ( Anton Bruckner , Hector Berlioz (H142), Gabriel Fauré , Franz Schubert , Louis Vierne ), and modern composers ( Maurice Duruflé , David Conte , Crys Armbrust ). Déodat de Séverac composed a motet set to the text. Bruckner wrote eight settings of the text: WAB 32 , WAB 43 , WAB 41 (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4) , WAB 42 , and WAB 44 . Fauré wrote two settings: Op. 55, and Op. 62 No. 2. Schubert wrote six settings: D. 460, D. 461, D. 730, D. 739 (Op. 45), D. 750, and D. 962. Vierne's treatment of it

1638-491: The Council of Trent, figures such as Saints Charles Borromeo and Alain de Solminihac promoted Eucharistic devotion and adoration. As part of the simplification of Church interiors, and to emphasize the importance of the Blessed Sacrament, Charles Borromeo initiated the practice of placing the tabernacle at a higher, central location behind the main altar. As Eucharistic adoration and Benediction became more widespread during

1701-444: The Eucharist. A prayerful spirit is encouraged also by periods of silence and by a homily or brief exhortations aimed at developing a better understanding of the mystery of the Eucharist. Latin hymns traditionally sung during the exposition are " O Salutaris Hostia " , " Tantum Ergo " , "Laudate Dominum" ( Psalm 117 ) and " Ave verum corpus " . The Divine Praises are a prayer traditionally recited but no specific hymn or prayer

1764-797: The One proceeding from both"—refer to the Holy Spirit , which according to version of the Nicene Creed used in Western Christianity proceeds from both the Father and the Son. A partial indulgence is granted to the faithful who devoutly recite the Tantum ergo. But a plenary indulgence is granted on Holy Thursday and on the feast of Corpus Christi, if it is recited in a solemn manner. The basic text has been set by numerous composers: from

1827-634: The USA has had a rite of Benediction. Eucharistic adoration Eucharistic adoration is a devotional practice primarily in Western Catholicism and Western Rite Orthodoxy , but also to a lesser extent in certain Lutheran and Anglican traditions, in which the Blessed Sacrament is adored by the faithful. This practice may occur either when the Eucharist is exposed, or when it

1890-547: The adoration was prepared in the 11th century by Pope Gregory VII , who was instrumental in affirming the tenet that Christ is present in the Blessed Host. In 1079, Gregory required of Berengar of Tours a confession of belief: I believe in my heart and openly profess that the bread and wine that are placed on the altar are, through the mystery of the sacred prayer and the words of the Redeemer, substantially changed into

1953-402: The beginning of the exposition of the Blessed Sacrament, a priest or deacon removes the sacred host from the tabernacle and places it in the monstrance on the altar for adoration by the faithful. A monstrance is the vessel used to display the consecrated Eucharistic Host, during Eucharistic adoration or benediction. The adoration may also take place when the Eucharist is not exposed but left in

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2016-496: The body, blood, soul and divinity of Christ while the appearances (the "species") of the bread and wine remain. In the doctrine of Real Presence , at the point of consecration, the act that takes place is a double miracle: 1) that Jesus Christ is present in the Eucharist in a true, real and substantial way, with his body and his blood, with his soul and his divinity; and 2) that the bread and wine have truly, substantially become Jesus' body and blood. Because Catholics believe that Christ

2079-540: The business of the day, would nevertheless spend whole nights before the tabernacle in supplication for his people… On the coldest winter nights he would arise from his bed in order to visit Our Lord in the Blessed Sacrament; and so inflamed with divine love was his soul that it imparted heat to his very body.” According to Alphonsus Liguori : "...tender indeed was the devotion to the Most Blessed Sacrament St. Wenceslaus, Duke of Bohemia. This holy king

2142-522: The centrality of the Eucharistic Mystery in the whole life of the Christian community. The first informally organized Eucharistic Congress took place in 1874, through the efforts of Marie-Marthe-Baptistine Tamisier of Tours , France. In 1881, Pope Leo XIII approved the first formal Eucharistic Congress, which was organized by Louis-Gaston de Ségur in Lille , France, and was attended by

2205-538: The church of John the Baptist on Easter morning." Eucharistic adoration in the form of processions, has existed since the 10th century in England and Cluny: "By the tenth century, a solem procession for bringing the Eucharist to the sick and the dying had emerged in the monasteries: the tenth-century Regularis concordia, a directory for England's monasteries attributed to Saint Ethelwold of Winchester (d. 984), speaks of

2268-682: The church that contained it and to the altar on which it was offered." In Eastern Christianity , the adoration which developed in the West has never been part of the Eastern liturgy which St. Basil celebrated, but a liturgy for adoration does exist among the Eastern Catholic Churches involving psalms and placing a covered diskos with the sacred species on the altar. This is befitting the Eastern custom of veiling from human eyes those things deemed sacred. The theological basis for

2331-579: The confessor to Isabella II of Spain and the founder of the Claretians , was also a fervent promoter of Eucharistic devotion and adoration and introduced the practice to Cuba , where he was sent as Archbishop. The adoration of the Eucharist within France grew in this period, and there were interactions between Catholic figures who were enthusiastic about spreading the practice, e.g., Leo Dupont , Jean Vianney and Peter Julian Eymard who in 1858 formed

2394-764: The credence table. The celebrant then reposes the Blessed Sacrament once the Divine Praises are finished.) Zucchetti are to be removed during the Benediction (and the preceding adoration) – they may only be donned again once the Blessed Sacrament is replaced. Among the Eastern Catholic churches, the Ukrainian Catholic Church , the Ruthenian Catholic Church , the Melkite Catholic Church, and

2457-567: The earliest extant, explicit account of prayer before the reserved Eucharist outside of Mass. After describing Victorian’s devotion in celebrating Mass as a hermit-priest living in northeast Spain (prior to his becoming an abbot sometime between 522 and 531), the biographer tells of a chapel Victorian built adjoining his hermitage, “far off from every loud noise of the world,” and how he spent his time there: “In this [chapel], more frequently and fervently, he poured forth his prayers before that indescribable Sacrament of divine goodness and commended to God

2520-521: The exposition and adoration of the Eucharist is constant (twenty-four hours a day), it is called perpetual adoration . In a monastery or convent , it is done by resident monks or nuns and, in a parish , by volunteer parishioners since the 20th century. In a prayer opening the Perpetual Adoration chapel in St. Peter's Basilica , Pope John Paul II prayed for similar ones in every parish in

2583-560: The feast of Corpus Christi ("the Body of Christ") with the publication of the papal bull Transiturus . He asked the Dominican theologian Thomas Aquinas to write the texts for the Mass and Office of the feast. This included such famous hymns as Panis angelicus and Verbum Supernum Prodiens , the last two strophes of which form the Benediction hymn O Salutaris Hostia . The last two verses of Pange Lingua are sung as

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2646-531: The first part of the twentieth century, it was common for Catholics, young and old, on their way home from work or school, en route to the grocery store or a sports practice, to "stop in for a visit" to the Blessed Sacrament in their local church. Most times the Eucharist was not exposed, but a red candle – then, as now – showed the Presence in the tabernacle. Since the Second Vatican Council ,

2709-485: The first possible references to reserving the Blessed Sacrament for adoration is found in the life of St. Basil (died AD 379). Basil is said to have divided the Eucharistic bread into three parts when he celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the monastery. One part he consumed, the second part he gave to the monks, and the third he placed in a golden dove-shaped container suspended over the altar. This separate portion

2772-704: The first two forms of the Memorial Acclamation of the Mass , is sung during the Wednesday Novena Service to Our Lady of Perpetual Help and Benediction at Baclaran Church (the icon's principal shrine in the country). Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament , also called Benediction with the Blessed Sacrament or the Rite of Eucharistic Exposition and Benediction ,

2835-492: The following: The other sacraments do not have the power of sanctifying until someone makes use of them, but in the Eucharist the very Author of sanctity is present before the Sacrament is used. For before the apostles received the Eucharist from the hands of our Lord, He told them that it was His Body that He was giving them. The Council then declared Eucharistic adoration as a form of latria : The only-begotten Son of God

2898-488: The health of the whole Church; and in this holy exercise he consumed almost the entire day.” This account lends credence to the extraordinary claim of the Spanish city of Lugo that perpetual adoration of the Eucharist has existed in the city since the late sixth century." Another early example of Eucharistic adoration is in the life of St. Wenceslaus the Martyr (d. 935): "St. Wenceslaus, Duke of Bohemia, although tired with

2961-525: The hymn Tantum Ergo , also used at Benediction. Beginning in the 14th century in the Western Church , devotions began to focus on the Eucharistic gifts as the objective presence of the risen Christ and the Host began to be elevated during the liturgy for the purpose of adoration, as well as to be seen by the congregation since the priest stood facing the same direction in front of the altar. In

3024-436: The liturgy and not a distinct form of benediction. When the deacon brings the chalice out before the Communion of the Faithful, all either make a full prostration or bow . Also, at the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts , during the Great Entrance , as the priest carries the chalice and diskos (paten) to the Holy Doors , everyone prostrates themselves in veneration before the Eucharist. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of

3087-515: The manner in which Eucharistic adoration is conducted, the "Instructions" state: "Even brief exposition of the Blessed Sacrament   [...] should be so arranged that before the blessing with the Blessed Sacrament reasonable time is provided for readings of the Word of God, hymns, prayers, and silent prayer, as circumstances permit." While psalms, readings and music are part of the liturgical service, in common practice silent contemplation and reflection tend to predominate. Where Eucharistic adoration

3150-424: The melody used elsewhere. This particular tune, which is of Spanish origin, is credited to a "J. Carreras" and was originally published with a time signature of 4 but is now sung in quadruple metre in Luzon and in quadruple then triple metre in the Visayas . This tune is also used to sing " Let Us Raise Our Voice ", a loose English adaptation of the Tantum ergo. The hymn, whose lyrics paraphrase

3213-401: The midst of the Second Vatican Council , on 3 September 1965, a few days before opening the fourth session, Pope Paul VI issued the Encyclical Mysterium fidei whereby he urged daily Mass and communion and said, "And they should not forget about paying a visit during the day to the Most Blessed Sacrament in the very special place of honor where it is reserved in churches in keeping with

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3276-452: The practice of Eucharistic adoration; however, the beginning of the 19th century witnessed a strong emphasis on Eucharistic piety, devotions and adorations. By 1829, the efforts of the Confraternity of Penitents-Gris brought Eucharistic adoration back in France. Twenty years later, the Venerable Leo Dupont initiated the nightly adoration of the Blessed Sacrament in Tours in 1849, from where it spread within France . Anthony Mary Claret ,

3339-475: The practice. He wrote a book entitled Visits to the Blessed Sacrament and explained that a visit to the Blessed Sacrament is the "practice of loving Jesus Christ", since friends who love each other visit regularly. Benedict Joseph Labre , a homeless beggar and Franciscan tertiary , was a familiar figure in the city of Rome and known as the "saint of the Forty Hours" (or Quarant' Ore ) for his dedication to Eucharistic adoration. The French Revolution hindered

3402-414: The priest or deacon, wearing an alb or a surplice , should also put on a cope and use a humeral veil when giving the blessing with the Blessed Sacrament in a monstrance, but the cope is not required when using a ciborium. A person other than a priest or deacon authorized to expose the Eucharist for adoration cannot give the blessing with it. Immediately after the benediction, the Blessed Sacrament

3465-654: The rejection of the doctrine of the real presence among certain groups. As such, some Catholic leaders began to institute the practice of adoration in order to inspire confidence among the faithful in Catholic Eucharistic doctrine. It became a staple of the Western Church thereafter. Faustina Kowalska stated that she was called to religious life while attending the Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament at age seven. Notable examples of conversion are Elizabeth Ann Seton and John Henry Newman, both having converted from Anglicanism, and Hermann Cohen , OCD , from Judaism, following Eucharistic adoration. Cohen went on to help establish

3528-418: The saints of the British Isles: "Of this devotion Fr. Bridgett gives a long list of saintly examples – Cuthbert, and Guthlac and Ulfric, Herbert and Godric, and besides them many holy women." According to Lawrence George Lovasik: "The Anglo-Saxons gave the highest worship to that which the ciborium or pyx contained. They called it "the adorable Host of the Son of God." They gave every sign of outward reverence to

3591-622: The true and proper and lifegiving flesh and blood of Jesus Christ our Lord, and that after the consecration they are the true body of Christ[.] This profession of faith began a "Eucharistic Renaissance" in the churches of Europe. Lanfranc of Canterbury started the tradition of Eucharistic processions during the Liturgy in Canterbury cathedral, and the people would bow in adoration of the Sacrament. The Franciscan archives credit Saint Francis of Assisi (who died in 1226) for starting Eucharistic Adoration in Italy. It then spread from Umbria to other parts of Italy. In 1264 Pope Urban IV instituted

3654-399: The widespread practice of nocturnal adoration. The practice of a "daily Holy Hour " of adoration has been encouraged in the Western Catholic tradition. Mother Teresa of Calcutta had a Holy Hour each day and all members of her Missionaries of Charity followed her example. Since the Middle Ages the practice of Eucharistic adoration outside Mass has been encouraged by the popes. In

3717-428: The world. Pope Benedict XVI instituted perpetual adoration for the laity in each of the five sectors of the Diocese of Rome . Eucharistic adoration may be done both when the Eucharist is exposed for viewing and when it is not. It may take place in the context of the liturgical rite of Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament or an informal "visit" to pray before the tabernacle. Writer Valerie Schmalz notes that: During

3780-417: Was added to the General Roman Calendar with the rank of optional memorial: Font and fullness of all evangelization and striking expression of the infinite love of our divine Redeemer for mankind, the Holy Eucharist clearly marked the life and pastoral activity of Peter Julian Eymard. He truly deserves to be called an outstanding apostle of the Eucharist. In fact, his mission in the Church consisted in promoting

3843-472: Was carried to elsewhere in Europe by the Capuchins and Jesuits . The practice of the perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament started in Naples in 1590 within the Order of the Clerics Regular Minor , founded by Francis Caracciolo , Fr. Augustine Adorno and Fr. Fabrizio Caracciolo. This practice was modified to continuous adoration during the day due to the few number of religious in the Order's Constitutions of 1597 with approval by Pope Clement VIII At

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3906-408: Was probably to reserve the sacrament for distribution to the sick who were unable to attend the liturgy. The earliest explicit reference to Eucharistic adoration comes from an eighth century vita of St. Victorian of Asan (d. 558 or 560). According to James Monti: "In a medieval biography of the Italian-born abbot Saint Victorian (+558) written probably in the eighth century, we find what constitutes

3969-423: Was so enamored of Jesus there present that he... even during the winter... used to go at night to visit the church in which the Blessed Sacrament was kept." St. Ulrich of Augsburg is also reported to have practiced adoration in the form of Eucharistic processions: "...the biographer of St. Ulrich (d. 973) speaks of a procession, "hallowed by tradition", with the Eucharist to the church of St. Ambrose, returning to

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