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32-570: The Tapajós Environmental Protection Area (APA) is divided between the municipalities of Trairão (0.27%), Jacareacanga (14.12%) and Itaituba (85.61%) in the state of Pará. It has an area of 1,988,445 hectares (4,913,550 acres). The Tapajós APA is in the western portion of the BR-163 Sustainable Forest District. The Transgarimpeira Road runs through the APA from east to west, and provides the easiest access. The terrain

64-592: A combined area of 610,472 hectares (1,508,510 acres). It also contains part of the Jamanxim National Park , a fully protected area. The municipality contains a small portion of the 1,988,445 hectares (4,913,550 acres) Tapajós Environmental Protection Area , created in 2006. The municipality contains part of the 178,173 hectares (440,280 acres) Sawré Muybu Indigenous Territory , recognized by Funai in April 2016. This Pará , Brazil location article

96-495: A menu of a wide variety of species of Amazonian fish, such as pirarucu, tambaqui , jaú, piramutaba, among other species; a huge menu of fruits, such as the local açaí , pupunha, tucumã, cupuaçu , buriti, abiu, urucu, Malay apple , cumaru, guaraná , and ingá, among other fruits. The whole region has a rich variety of ingredients, but also foods based on cassava such as water flour, uarini flour, tapioca flour, tapioca gum, tucupi, among others. The population of northern Brazil

128-465: Is 2,250 millimetres (89 in). Temperatures range from 21 to 34 °C (70 to 93 °F) with an average of 27 °C (81 °F). Soils are mainly red yellow acrisols . Vegetation includes dense rainforest (74%), open rainforest (24%) and cerrado -forest contact (2%). Almost 93% of the area is covered by rainforest, with 213 species of trees, 2 of lianas and 8 of palm trees. Andiroba ( Carapa guianensis ) and Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) are

160-650: Is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil . The municipality contains part of the Trairão National Forest , in which logging is permitted subject to a management plan. It contains part of the 724,965 hectares (1,791,430 acres) Altamira National Forest , a sustainable use conservation unit created in 1998. It contains part of the Itaituba I and Itaituba II national forests, both established in 1998, which have

192-424: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Northern Region, Brazil The North Region of Brazil ( Portuguese : Região Norte do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔʁtʃi du bɾaˈziw] ) is the largest region of Brazil , accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in the country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP . The region

224-592: Is classed IUCN protected area category V (protected landscape/seascape). Provisional measure 558 of 5 January 2012 changed the boundaries of the Mapinguari , Amazônia and Campos Amazônicos national parks, Itaituba I , Itaituba II and Crepori national forests and the Tapajós APA. All were reduced in size apart from the Campos Amazônicos park. An area of about 19,915 hectares (49,210 acres)

256-672: Is hilly, with deep valleys formed by erosion and inselbergs . Altitudes range from 36 to 474 metres (118 to 1,555 ft). The APA is in the Jamanxim sub-basin of the Tapajós basin. The main rivers in the APA are the Tapajós, Jamanxim, Crepori and Novo . The Tapajós Environmental Protection Area (APA) was created by federal decree on 13 February 2006 with the basic objectives of protecting biological diversity, controlling occupation and ensuring sustainable use of natural resources. The APA

288-477: Is largely made up of Caboclos , descendants of Native Brazilians and Europeans - mostly Portuguese, French and Spanish. North of Brazil has received and continues to receive large migration of people from South and Southeast regions of the country. In the 20th century, also received great migration from the Northeast , who were working in the rubber plantations of Amazonas and Acre . The economy of

320-426: Is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union . It comprises the states of Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima , and Tocantins . It has the lowest population density out of all the regions of Brazil, with only 4.5 inhabitants per km . Most of the population is centered in urban areas. Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connect

352-673: The Caboclo identity , the mixing of whites, blacks and indigenous people, the reduction of species of plants and animals and other consequences. After World War II , the Brazilian Amazon became part of the national development process. The creation of the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) in 1952, the establishment of regional development agencies such as the Superintendency of Development for

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384-864: The Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia . As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity . More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest. The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants , and some 2000 birds and mammals species. To date, at least 40,000 plant species , 3,000 fish, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in

416-473: The Free Economic Zone of Manaus are also important to the local economy. Vehicles : 1,746,501 (March/2007); Telephones : 1,805,000 (April/2007); Cities : 449 (2007). Portuguese language is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. However, English and Spanish are also part of the official high school curriculum. There are only a few highways in

448-1084: The Parintins Folklore Festival , Círio de Nazaré in Belém , Rio Branco and Macapá ; Sairé Festival , in Santarém , Expo Acre (the largest in the North region) and typical dances, Marujada, Carimbó , Brazilian Calypso , Tecno brega and Cirandas such as Samba lelê and others. In the region, there are some of the most beautiful theaters and palaces in Brazil: The Amazon Theatre , located in Manaus , Palácio Rio Branco , in Rio Branco, Palácio Senador Hélio Campos , in Boa Vista, Teatro das Bacabeiras , in Macapá and

480-543: The Peace Theatre , located in Belém . The gastronomic culture of the northern region of Brazil is quite rich, has Indigenous , African and Portuguese roots, in addition to other influences from both within Brazil and other cultures outside the country, the strong Amazonian indigenous influence in its main dishes is remarkable, among the main highlights are delicacies such as duck in tucupi sauce, maniçoba, tacacá and

512-591: The South Atlantic Ocean to penetrate the states of the South Region of the country, pass through the Central-West region and reach the Amazonian states, causing rapidly falling temperature. The Amazonian heat provides an area of low latitude that attracts masses of polar air. Occurring in winter, the effect of "friagem" lasts a week or so. With its own folklore, the main attractions are

544-482: The Amazon (SUDAM) in 1966 and the Free Economic Zone of Manaus in 1967 began to contribute to the settlement of region and in the execution of projects focused on the region. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world . Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome , and tropical forests in

576-585: The European people. The Spaniards, among them Francisco de Orellana , organized exploratory expeditions by the Amazon River to know the region. After long journeys alongside Francisco de Orellana , Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés wrote a letter addressed to Cardinal Pedro Bembo in Venice , extolling the fauna and flora existing in the region at the time of the expedition. The 17th century marked

608-579: The North Region is essentially based on the vegetal plantation and extraction, such as latex , açaí , woods and Brazil nuts ; and mineral extraction of gold , precious stones, cassiterite and tin (metal); as well as mining exploitation, mainly iron , at Carajás Mountain Range (in the State of Pará ) and manganese, at Navio Mountain Range (in the State of Amapá ). Small-scale Buffalo creation and

640-540: The North Region with many Brazilian cities and also operate some international flights. The region is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal University of Pará , among others. The first inhabitants of the North Region, as in the rest of Brazil, were the Native Brazilians , who shared a diverse number of tribes and villages, from the pre-Columbian period until the arrival of

672-769: The North region. The most important ones are the BR-364 , the Interoceanic Highway , running through Acre into Peru , the BR-010 connecting Belém to Southern Brazil, and BR-174 connecting Manaus to Venezuela . Most of the transportation in the region is done by boat or airplane. There are two major airports in the region: Belém International Airport , serving Belém , and Eduardo Gomes International Airport , serving Manaus . The Rio Branco International Bus Station offers services to destinations in Peru and Bolivia,

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704-548: The Region's oldest towns: Bragança , Xapuri , Tefé , Natividade and Amapá . In order to work on rubber extraction, Brazilians from other states, mainly from the Northeast Region , moved to the region. Also many Japanese families came to work in the agricultural colonies. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, military governments implemented a major plan to integrate the region with other regions of Brazil, including

736-796: The arrival of the Portuguese people , where they built military strongholds to defend the region against the invasion of other peoples, in 1616, causing in the foundation of Belém do Pará . The richness of the Amazon Rainforest has also become interesting for the Portuguese Crown . With the Portuguese explorers, the Catholic missionaries came to the region, in order to catechize the natives. The natives were assembled by missionaries in villages, called missions, many of which gave birth to several cities, such as Borba and Óbidos . Some of

768-407: The construction of several highways (such as the BR-010 ), the installation of industries and the creation of the Free Economic Zone of Manaus . The territorial division into countries does not necessarily coincide with the indigenous occupation of the geographical space; in many cases, there are people living on both sides of international borders, which were created long after they were already in

800-437: The enormous liquid mass favor evaporation and make the region a very humid area. Dominated by an equatorial climate , the region presents high temperatures throughout the year (averages from 24 °C to 26 °C), a low thermal amplitude, with the exception of some areas of the states of Amazonas , Rondônia and Acre , where the phenomenon of "friagem" occurs, due to La Niña 's activity, allowing cold air masses coming from

832-415: The largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogue Some latitudes can create a region with hot and humid climates. The existence of heat and

864-429: The most common. A number of common species have economic value including Muiratinga, Breu-manga, Breu-vermelho, Louro-jandauba and Abiurana-vermelha in the dense rainforest and Breu manga, Muiratinga, Abiurana vermelha, Macucu and Embauba in the open rainforest. In the open rainforest with creepers valuable trees include Louro-jandauba, Caripe-banco, Breu-vermelho, Acariquara and Muiratinga. Trair%C3%A3o Trairão

896-505: The park by 51,135 hectares (126,360 acres). The areas removed were to be used for the beds and verges of the EF-170 railway and BR-163 highway. Land that was not actually used would be reintegrated into the national park. The area of the APA dropped from 2,039,581 to 1,997,628 hectares (5,039,910 to 4,936,250 acres), while the area of the national park grew from 859,700 to 909,970 hectares (2,124,400 to 2,248,600 acres). Average annual rainfall

928-461: The region. From the beginning of the colonization from the 17th century to the present day, the inhabitants of Amazônia dedicated themselves to extractive and mercantilist activities, inserting between 1840 and 1910 the monopoly of rubber , mainly in Amazonas and Acre . All this process of colonization has brought about changes such as the reduction of the indigenous population, the increase of

960-405: The region. Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil alone. The diversity of plant species is the highest on earth with some experts estimating that one square kilometre may contain over 75,000 types of trees and 150,000 species of higher plants . One square kilometre of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. This constitutes

992-541: Was created to relieve unemployment and social tension caused by tighter controls on illegal logging in the municipality of Novo Progresso and the district of Moraes de Almeida. This could be partly solved by opening timber concessions in the APA. Ordinance 108 of 23 December 2011 created the consultative council to help create and implement the management plan. The APA is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). It

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1024-528: Was removed from the Tapajós APA due to the planned Jatobá Hydroelectric Power Plant on the Tapajós river. The measure affected about 0.96% of the APA, which was reduced from 2,059,496 to 2,039,581 hectares (5,089,130 to 5,039,910 acres). Law 12678 of 25 June 2012 confirmed provisional measure 558. Provisional measure 758 of 19 December 2016 altered the limits of the Tapajós APA and the Jamanxim National Park . It remove two polygons of 334 hectares (830 acres) and 528 hectares (1,300 acres), and elsewhere expanded

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