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51-733: The Taranaki Basin lies on the West coast of the North Island of New Zealand in the Taranaki Region , and is approximately 400 km west of the current Pacific-Australian plate boundary. It covers approximately 100,000 km and contains up to 9 km in sediment. The basin is divided into two main components, the Western Platform and Eastern Mobile Belt, formerly known as the Taranaki Graben. The Western Platform

102-474: A Waitangi Tribunal report on the situation in 1996 led to some debate on the matter. In a speech to a group of psychologists, Associate Minister of Māori Affairs Tariana Turia compared the suppression of Taranaki Māori to the Holocaust , provoking a vigorous reaction around New Zealand, with Prime Minister Helen Clark among those voicing criticism. The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of Taranaki

153-511: A campaign of passive resistance against government land confiscation, which culminated in a raid by colonial troops on 5 November 1881. The confiscations, subsequently acknowledged by the New Zealand Government as unjust and illegal, began in 1865 and soon included the entire Taranaki district. Towns including Normanby , Hāwera and Carlyle ( Patea ) were established on land confiscated as military settlements. The release of

204-667: A conformable contact with an 8m thick layer of glauconitic sandstone, The Matapo Sandstone Member , which lies above the formation. The Mahoenui Group consists of calcareous mudstones, with thinly interbedded sandstones, siltstones, and limestones. Sediment in this group was deposited during the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene. The Mokau Group is composed of shoreface sandstones with some interbedded siltstones. Layers of fluvial conglomerate and coal can be found as well. The sediment in this group represents deposition in

255-579: A critical care paramedic) and two operational managers during the day. At night, four ambulances are on duty and one rapid response vehicle. Volunteer-crewed first response units are based in Opunake and Urenui. There are 13 police stations in the region, including three in New Plymouth and others are based in the main towns. The Taranaki Rescue Helicopter Trust provides search, rescue and patient transfer missions when required. The MBB/Kawasaki BK 117

306-577: A few hundred and to 1,500. Total losses among the imperial, volunteer, and militia troops are estimated to have been 238, while Māori casualties totalled about 200. An uneasy truce was negotiated a year later, only to be broken in April 1863 as tensions over land occupation boiled over again. A total of 5,000 troops fought in the Second Taranaki War against about 1,500 men, women and children. The style of warfare differed markedly from that of

357-575: A million acres (4,000 km ) of land. The present main highway on the inland side of Mount Taranaki follows the path taken by the colonial forces under Major General Trevor Chute as they marched, with great difficulty, from Patea to New Plymouth in 1866. Armed Māori resistance continued in South Taranaki until early 1869, led by the warrior Tītokowaru , who reclaimed land almost as far south as Wanganui . A decade later, spiritual leader Te Whiti o Rongomai , based at Parihaka , launched

408-429: A northwest trending fault zone consisting of multiple subparallel reverse and normal faults. The Eastern Mobile Belt consists of multiple grabens and contains multiple compressional features, including overthrusts, reverse faults, and inversion structures. The Eastern Mobile Belt extends from this fault zone to the north-south trending Taranaki fault zone, which is adjacent to the a large upthrust basement block that divides

459-399: A population of 130,800 as of Statistics New Zealand's June 2024, 2.5 percent of New Zealand's population. It has a population density of 18 people per km . It is the tenth most populous region of New Zealand . Taranaki Region had a population of 126,015 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 8,454 people (7.2%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 16,407 people (15.0%) since

510-869: A thinning of layers from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. The sediments in this sequence lead from coastal plain deposits, to shallow marine sands, to shelf sediments. The Pakawau group contains the oldest sediment within the Taranaki Basin, deposited between the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. It includes the Rakopi Formation (85-75 Ma) and the North Cape Formation (75-65 Ma). Rocks within this group include fluvial sandstones and marine, transgressive sandstones. In some areas within

561-498: Is Methanex, also based in Taranaki, who use it as a feedstock to produce methanol for export. Taranaki's natural gas is also used to make urea for use on farms. The head offices of many energy companies are based in the region along with specialist service and supply companies, including freight, logistics, fabrication, technical, professional services and consultancies as well as environmental and health and safety expertise. The region

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612-423: Is a unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel (42 US gallons, 35 imp gal or about 159 litres) of crude oil . The BOE is used by oil and gas companies in their financial statements as a way of combining oil and natural gas reserves and production into a single measure, although this energy equivalence does not take into account the lower financial value of energy in

663-587: Is a relatively undeformed, stable block compared to the Eastern Mobile Belt. While it underwent block faulting throughout the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene, it has been stable since. This section of the basin contains between 2000 and 5000m of sediment, dating from the Late Cretaceous to present. The Western Platform is separated from the Eastern Mobile Belt on the East by the Cape Egmont fault zone,

714-528: Is a smaller hospital but offers 24-hour emergency department, inpatient beds, maternity services, outpatients and community services. There are health centres in Waitara , Opunake , Patea , Mokau , Stratford and Urenui . St John Ambulance supplies all ambulance services to Taranaki, with their main station based Waiwhakaiho on the outskirts of New Plymouth. Throughout the region, they have six emergency ambulances, two rapid response vehicles (one crewed by

765-770: Is also produced at a well complex at Kapuni and a number of smaller land-based oilfields. With the Maui field nearing depletion, new offshore resources have been developed: the Kupe field , 30 km south of Hāwera and the Pohokura gas field , 4.5 km north of Waitara. The way the land mass projects into the Tasman Sea with northerly, westerly and southerly exposures, results in many excellent surfing and windsurfing locations, some of them considered world-class. Taranaki covers 7,254.50 km (2,800.98 sq mi) and has

816-551: Is based at its hangar at Taranaki Base Hospital. It serves as a critical service for missions relating to the region's mountain and steep inland hill country and marine areas. Notable sports teams from Taranaki include: Commonwealth gold Bowls, Brian Symes 7s,World, Commonwealth,Olympic gold medalists..Gayle Broughton & Mikalya Blyde. Silver Ferns, Ardean Harper, 39°18′S 174°8′E  /  39.300°S 174.133°E  / -39.300; 174.133 Barrel of oil equivalent The barrel of oil equivalent ( BOE )

867-783: Is home to the world’s largest milk production facility by annual volume, Fonterra’s Whareroa Plant near Hawera, which produces milk powder, butter, casein whey and cheese. The region also boasts the largest secondary cheese operation in Asia-Pacific as well as a high-tech lactose plant producing pharmaceutical lactose for the global medical industry and a speciality artisan cheese facility. Natural gas from Taranaki’s fields accounts for around 20% of New Zealand’s primary energy supply. It provides heat, energy and hot water supply for over 245,000 New Zealand households as well as more than 10,000 commercial users such as restaurants, hotels, greenhouses and hospitals. The single biggest user of natural gas

918-527: Is million barrels equivalent per day, MMboed (or MMBOED, MMboepd, where MM denotes a million ), used to measure daily production and consumption, and the BBOe (also BBOE) or billion barrels of oil equivalent, representing 10 barrels of oil, used to measure petroleum reserves . Metric regions commonly use the tonne of oil equivalent (toe), or more often million toe (Mtoe). Since this is a measurement of mass, any conversion to barrels of oil equivalent depends on

969-507: Is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki , also known as Mount Egmont. The main centre is the city of New Plymouth . The New Plymouth District is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. New Plymouth is in North Taranaki along with Inglewood and Waitara . South Taranaki towns include Hāwera , Manaia , Stratford , Eltham , and Ōpunake . Since 2005, Taranaki has used

1020-520: Is not fossiliferous. The Mangahewa Formation (45-34 Ma) consists mostly of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and bituminous coal. This formation has good reservoir sandstones. The McKee Formation (38-33 Ma) is easily recognizable by its coarse-grained, well sorted sandstones. Small clasts of mudstones and coal can be found throughout this formation. The Tikorangi Limestone (33-23 Ma) is composed of mostly sandy, deep-water limestone along with calcareous mudstone interbedded with calcareous sandstone. It forms

1071-557: Is renowned for its world class engineering design and project management skills, which tackles on and off shore fabrication and construction. From 1853 the Taranaki region was governed as the Taranaki Province (initially known as the New Plymouth Province) until the abolition of New Zealand provinces in 1876. The leading office was that of the superintendent. The following is a list of superintendents of

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1122-736: The 2013 census . There were 62,184 males, 63,405 females and 429 people of other genders in 48,606 dwellings. 2.6% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 40.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 25,428 people (20.2%) aged under 15 years, 20,625 (16.4%) aged 15 to 29, 55,932 (44.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 24,033 (19.1%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 83.6% European ( Pākehā ); 21.8% Māori ; 2.6% Pasifika ; 5.7% Asian ; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

1173-823: The King Movement . Tension over land ownership continued to mount, leading to the outbreak of war at Waitara in March 1860. Although the pressure for the sale of the Waitara block resulted from the colonists' hunger for land in Taranaki, the greater issue fuelling the conflict was the Government's desire to impose British administration, law and civilisation on the Māori. The war was fought by more than 3,500 imperial troops brought in from Australia as well as volunteer soldiers and militia against Māori forces that fluctuated from

1224-501: The Local Government Amendment Act (No 3) 1988 . The council's headquarters were established in the central location of Stratford to "provide a good compromise in respect of overcoming traditional south vs north Taranaki community of interest conflicts" (Taranaki Regional Council, 2001 p. 6). Chairs Taranaki's landscape and the mountain's supposed resemblance to Mount Fuji led it to be selected as

1275-500: The 1820s and 1830s, whalers targeted Southern right whales in the South Taranaki Bight . In March 1828 Richard "Dicky" Barrett (1807–47) set up a trading post at Ngamotu (present-day New Plymouth ). Barrett and his companions, who were armed with muskets and cannon, were welcomed by the Āti Awa tribe for assisting in their continuing wars with Waikato Māori. Following a bloody encounter at Ngamotu in 1832, most of

1326-417: The 1860–61 conflict as the army systematically took possession of Māori land by driving off the inhabitants, adopting a " scorched earth " strategy of laying waste to the villages and cultivations of Māori, whether warlike or otherwise. As the troops advanced, the Government built an expanding line of redoubts, behind which settlers built homes and developed farms. The effect was a creeping confiscation of almost

1377-629: The 2000 Āti Awa living near Ngamotu, as well as Barrett, migrated south to the Kāpiti region and Marlborough . In late 1839 Barrett returned to Taranaki to act as a purchasing agent for the New Zealand Company , which had already begun on-selling the land to prospective settlers in England with the expectation of securing its title. Barrett claimed to have negotiated the purchase of an area extending from Mokau to Cape Egmont , and inland to

1428-569: The Early Miocene. The Mohakatino Formation (~17-13 Ma) is composed of silty mudstones, with andesitic, volcaniclastic sandstones. The Mt Messenger Formation (11-9 Ma), also known as the Waikiekie Formation, is a massive sandstone unit. The Urenui Formation (9-5 Ma) is a silty mudstone that contains occasional conglomerates. The Matemateāonga Formation (7-5 Ma) consists of shellbeds, siltstones and sandstones with interbedded conglomerate. This formation represents deposition during

1479-583: The Late Miocene and Early Pliocene. Andesitic volcanism began within the basin in the Miocene, and has continued until the present day. The majority of New Zealand's petroleum production has been within the Taranaki Basin. Over 1.8 billion barrels of BOE have been discovered, of which 70% is gas. More than 400 wells have been drilled throughout the basin, in about 20 fields. A wide variety of petroleum play types, mostly structural, can be seen throughout

1530-598: The New Zealand subcontinent, including an intra-plate rift that formed the Taranaki Rift, which would develop into the Taranaki Basin. Syn-rift sediments were deposited within rift controlled grabens across the basin, and are separated from the basement rock by a regional unconformity. These sedimentary layers contain faulting that is indicative of extension during deposition. They include sequencing from non-marine conglomerates to sand, silt, and then coals. After

1581-752: The Province of Taranaki during this time: The Taranaki Regional Council was formed as part of major nationwide local government reforms in November 1989, for the purpose of integrated catchment management . The regional council was the successor to the Taranaki Catchment Board, the Taranaki United Council, the Taranaki Harbours Board, and 16 small special-purpose local bodies that were abolished under

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1632-512: The Taranaki Basin from the later-formed, eastward Wanganui Basin. The Blue whale , Southern right whale and the critically endangered Maui's dolphin are living beings in the sea in Taranaki Basin, or live near the coast of Taranaki. For the Blue whale it is a breeding ground. Pre-rift rocks in the Taranaki Basin are typically considered basement rocks . The Taranaki basement is extremely heterogeneous, with metasediments and granites representing

1683-508: The basin due to its complex history. The main trap styles found within the basin are fault-dependent closures, inversion anticlines, and overthrusts. The majority of oil produced from the Taranaki basement are sourced from coals and marine shales from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. Current oil and gas fields within the basin Taranaki Region Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand 's North Island . It

1734-725: The basin, this group is more than 2000 m thick. It overlies the mostly igneous and metasedimentary basement. The Kapuni group contains multiple formations that span the Paleocene and Eocene. These formations are, in ascending order, the Farewell Formation, Kaimiro Formation, Mangahewa Formation, and McKee Formation. The Farewell Formation (65-55 Ma) contains mostly fluvial sandstone. The Kaimiro Formation (55-45 Ma) contains mostly poor to moderately sorted alluvial and coastal plain sandstones with some inter-bedded micaceous and carbonaceous mudstones and siltstones. This formation

1785-423: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 12,777 (12.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 56,931 (56.6%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 26,370 (26.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 38,400, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 9,930 people (9.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

1836-831: The coast covered in dense forest. Māori had called the mountain Taranaki for many centuries, and Captain James Cook gave it the English name of Egmont after the Earl of Egmont , the recently retired First Lord of the Admiralty who had encouraged his expedition. The mountain has two alternative official names, "Mount Taranaki" and "Mount Egmont". The region is exceptionally fertile thanks to generous rainfall and rich volcanic soil. Dairy farming predominates, with Fonterra 's Whareroa milk factory just outside of Hāwera producing

1887-436: The end of extension in the Late Cretaceous, the Taranaki Basin became a passive margin setting, with drift resulting in marine transgression. Subsidence of the basin was slow enough to allow for the massive accumulation of sediment during the Paleocene and Eocene. These Paleocene and Eocene sandstones contain the majority of the petroleum reserves found within the basin. During drift, a decline in sediment deposition occurred, with

1938-423: The form of gas. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service defines a BOE as equal to 5.8 million BTU . (5.8 × 10 ^   BTU 59°F  equals 6.1178632 × 10  J, about 6.1 GJ [ HHV ], or about 1.7  MWh .) The value is necessarily approximate as various grades of oil and gas have slightly different heating values. If one considers the lower heating value instead of the higher heating value ,

1989-466: The largest volume of dairy ingredients from a single factory anywhere in the world. There are also oil and gas deposits in the region, both on- and off-shore. The Maui gas field off the south-west coast has provided most of New Zealand's gas supply and once supported two methanol plants, (one formerly a synthetic-petrol plant called the Gas-To-Gasoline plant) at Motunui . Fuel and fertiliser

2040-617: The location for The Last Samurai , a motion picture set in 19th-century Japan. The movie starred Tom Cruise . Taranaki has 20 fire stations scattered throughout the region. It includes one career (full time) brigade based at New Plymouth Central Fire Station and is staffed by two crews (8 firefighters) 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and responds, not only to the city, but to surrounding volunteer brigades in satellite towns if needed. New Plymouth has four fire appliances, including an aerial appliance and pump rescue truck, and three specialist vehicles. There are 17 volunteer and two rural brigades in

2091-420: The original Gondwana Craton, and granitoids, volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks, and accretionary complexes representing later accretionary terrains and plutons. Formation of the Taranaki Basin initiated in the Late Cretaceous, due to the separation of Australia and Zealandia during the breakup of Gondwanaland . This breakup caused the formation of the Tasman Sea , along with multiple extensional basins on

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2142-408: The promotional brand "Like no other". Taranaki is on the west coast of the North Island, surrounding the volcanic peak of Mount Taranaki. The region covers an area of 7258 km . Its large bays north-west and south-west of Cape Egmont are North Taranaki Bight and South Taranaki Bight . Mount Taranaki is the second highest mountain in the North Island, and the dominant geographical feature of

2193-461: The region. Taranaki Base Hospital in New Plymouth is the region's largest hospital. It has a 24-hour emergency department, wards for older people's health, rehabilitation, children and young people/pediatrics, general surgery and urology, orthopedics and surgical specialties, general medicine and maternity and provides community services. It's currently undergoing a multi-million dollar development to expand its services. Hawera Hospital, one hour south,

2244-557: The region. A Māori legend says that Mount Taranaki previously lived with the Tongariro , Ngāuruhoe and Ruapehu mountains of the central North Island but fled to its current location after a battle with Tongariro. A near-perfect cone, it last erupted in the mid-18th century. The mountain and its immediate surrounds form Egmont National Park . Historically, the area consisted of a narrow coastal plain covered by bracken , tutu , rewarewa and karaka trees, with anywhere not close to

2295-476: The region’s GDP in 2019. Taranaki has had the highest GDP per capita from 2007 onward except in 2017 when Wellington was higher. In the 2019–20 season, there were 468,000 milking cows in Taranaki, 9.5% of the country's total herd. The cows produced 185,320 tonnes of milk solids, worth $ 1,334 million at the national average farmgate price ($ 7.20 per kg). The Dairy Farming industry is the largest employer in Taranaki, comprising 5 per cent of all employees. The region

2346-560: The upper reaches of the Whanganui River including Mt Taranaki . A later deed of sale included New Plymouth and all the coastal lands of North Taranaki, including Waitara . European settlement at New Plymouth began with the arrival of the William Bryan in March 1841. European expansion beyond New Plymouth, however, was prevented by Māori opposition to selling their land, a sentiment that deepened as links strengthened with

2397-412: The use of MBOE ( mega barrel of oil equivalent) but MBOE actually means thousand BOE. This potential confusion arises due to the use of Roman numeral M (one thousand) for natural gas production and MM (one million, even though MM means two thousand). In the S.I. (metric system) M means million, but cubic feet and barrels are not S.I. units, so S.I. prefixes should not be used. Another commonly used multiple

2448-467: The value for one BOE would be approximately 5.4 GJ (see tonne of oil equivalent ). Typically 5,800 cubic feet of natural gas or 58 CCF are equivalent to one BOE. The USGS gives a figure of 6,000 cubic feet (170 cubic metres) of typical natural gas. A commonly used multiple of the BOE is the kilo barrel of oil equivalent (kboe or kBOE), which is 1,000 BOE. This should be avoided because it might lead to

2499-415: Was estimated at NZ$ 9.51 billion in the year to March 2020, 2.94% of New Zealand's national GDP. The regional GDP per capita was estimated at $ 76,715 in the same period, the highest in New Zealand. Taranaki’s economy is centred around dairy farming , hydrocarbon exploration , and manufacturing (including agricultural and energy based manufacturing) with these industries making up approximately 40 percent of

2550-773: Was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 4.5%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.9, compared with 28.8% nationally. The region has had a strong Māori presence for centuries. The local iwi ( tribes ) include Ngāti Mutunga , Ngāti Maru , Ngāti Ruanui , Taranaki , Te Āti Awa , Ngā Rauru , Ngāruahinerangi and Ngāti Tama . Religious affiliations were 30.9% Christian , 0.9% Hindu , 0.5% Islam , 0.9% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 56.3%, and 8.6% of people did not answer

2601-513: Was that 48,906 (48.6%) people were employed full-time, 14,724 (14.6%) were part-time, and 2,634 (2.6%) were unemployed. Just under half the residents live in New Plymouth , with Hāwera being the next most populous town in the region. The area became home to a number of Māori tribes from the 13th century. From about 1823 the Māori began having contact with European whalers as well as traders who arrived by schooner to buy flax . Around

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