41-577: Taraba is a state in north-eastern Nigeria , named after the Taraba River , which traverses the southern part of the state. It is known as "Nature's Gift to the Nation". Its capital is Jalingo . The state's main ethnic groups are the Fulani, Mumuye , Mambilla , Jukun , Kuteb , Karimjo Wurkun, Yandang , Ndola , Ichen, Jenjo , Tiv , Tigon , and Jibu. The northern part is mainly dominated by
82-547: A 3K SNP Infinium from Illumina, Inc. Agrobacterium transformation can be used on sorghum, as shown in a 2018 report of such a transformation system. A 2013 study developed and validated an SNP array for molecular breeding . In 2021, world production of sorghum was 61 million tonnes , led by the United States with 19% of the total (table). India, Ethiopia , and Mexico were the largest secondary producers. In 2013, China began purchasing American sorghum as
123-461: A cane juicer to extract the sweet molasses -like juice. The juice is sold as syrup, and used as a feedstock to make biofuel. In India, the panicle stalks are used as bristles for brooms . In Australia, sorghum is personified as a spirit among the Dagoman people of Northern Territory , as well as being used for food; the local species are S. intrans and S. plumosum . In Korea,
164-452: A complementary livestock feed to its domestically grown maize. It imported around $ 1 billion worth per year until April 2018, when it imposed retaliatory tariffs as part of a trade war . By 2020, the tariffs had been waived, and trade volumes increased before declining again as China began buying sorghum from other countries. As of 2020, China is the world's largest sorghum importer, importing more than all other countries combined. Mexico
205-608: A minister . Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs). There are 774 local governments in Nigeria. Under the Nigerian Constitution, the 36 states enjoy substantial autonomy but are not sovereign entities, as ultimate authority lies with the federal government. Amendments to the constitution can be proposed by the National Assembly, but for an amendment to be valid, it must be approved by
246-435: A modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive a plurality of votes and over 25% of votes in at least two-thirds of the state and local government areas. If no candidate passes the threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas. States of Nigeria Nigeria
287-704: A permanent secretary, who is also a senior civil servant of the state. The Judiciary is one of the co-equal arms of the state government concerned with the interpretation of the laws of the state government. The judiciary is headed by the chief justice of the state appointed by the governor subject to the approval of the state house of assembly. States And Capital In Nigeria, Their Slogans & Current Governors A comprehensive list of all states in Nigeria and their current governors. Sorghum Sorghum bicolor , commonly called sorghum ( / ˈ s ɔːr ɡ ə m / ) and also known as great millet , broomcorn , guinea corn , durra , imphee , jowar , or milo ,
328-474: A sugar-rich syrup and as forage. Sweet sorghum was important to the sugar trade in the 19th century. The price of sugar was rising because of decreased production in the British West Indies and more demand for confectionery and fruit preserves , and the United States was actively searching for a sugar plant that could be produced in northern states. The "Chinese sugar-cane", sweet sorghum,
369-488: A two-thirds majority of the 36 state legislatures, as required under Section 9 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria. States of Nigeria have the right to organize and structure their individual governments in any way within the parameters set by the Constitution of Nigeria . At the state level, the legislature is unicameral , with the number of its members equal to three times the number of legislators it has in
410-1007: Is 40.35% with 54.98% relative humidity . The state is usually very warm in March with 40.44 ° C, and an average wind of 8.84 km/h. Many homes and commercial buildings in Taraba State are affected by flooding, including those in the suburbs. Taraba State has several hospitals and health care centers, some of them are: Taraba State consists of sixteen (16) Local Government Areas (LGAs), which are governed by elected chairmen. The local government areas are listed as follows: Languages of Taraba state listed by LGA include: Other languages spoken in Taraba State are Akum, Bukwen, Esimbi, Fali of Baissa, Jiba, Njerep, Tha, Yandang, Yotti, Ywom. Taraba State has many schools and education centers. Federal highways are: One road to Cameroon east from A8 at Gembu to N6 at Banyo . Other major roads include Airports include The major occupation of
451-582: Is a federation of 36 states, each of which is a semi-autonomous political unit that shares powers with the federal government as enumerated under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . In addition to the states, there is the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), in which the capital city of Abuja is located. The FCT is not a state, but a territory of the federal government, governed by an administration headed by
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#1732775445765492-569: Is a species in the grass genus Sorghum cultivated for its grain . The grain is used for food for humans; the plant is used for animal feed and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice , wheat , maize , and barley . Sorghum is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 metres (13 ft) high. The grain
533-428: Is also accounts for 7% of global sorghum production. The grain is edible and nutritious. It can be eaten raw when young and milky, but has to be boiled or ground into flour when mature. Sorghum grain is 72% carbohydrates including 7% dietary fiber, 11% protein, 3% fat , and 12% water (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), sorghum grain supplies 79 calories and rich contents (20% or more of
574-589: Is also used to make alcoholic beverages , and biofuels such as ethanol . It can be made into couscous , porridge, or flatbreads such as Indian Jōḷada roṭṭi or tortillas; and it can be burst in hot oil to make a popcorn , smaller than that of maize. Since it does not contain gluten, it can be used in gluten-free diets . In Nigeria , the pulverized red leaf-sheaths of sorghum have been used to dye leather, while in Algeria , sorghum has been used to dye wool. In South Africa, characteristically sour malwa beer
615-576: Is an amalgamation of three former divisions: Wukari, Mambilla, and Muri. Taraba state is bordered in the west by Nasarawa state and Benue state (for 109 km), northwest by Plateau state for 202 km (126 miles), north by the Bauchi state for 54 km and Gombe state for 58 km, northeast by Adamawa state for about 366 km and south by Northwest Region in Cameroon for about 525 km. The Benue , Donga , Taraba and Ibi are
656-531: Is generally considered diploid and contains 20 chromosomes, however, there is evidence to suggest a tetraploid origin for S. bicolor . The genome size is approximately 800 Mbp. Paterson et al. , 2009 provides a genome assembly of 739 megabase . The most commonly used genome database is SorGSD maintained by Luo et al. , 2016. A gene expression atlas is available from Shakoor et al. , 2014 with 27,577 genes . For molecular breeding (or other purposes) an SNP array has been created by Bekele et al. , 2013,
697-457: Is made from sorghum or millet. The process involves souring the mashed grain with lactic acid bacteria , followed by fermenting by the wild yeasts that were on the grain. In China and Taiwan, sorghum is one of the main materials of Kaoliang liquor , a type of the colourless distilled alcoholic drink Baijiu . In countries including the US, the stalks of sweet sorghum varieties are crushed in
738-521: Is native to Africa with many cultivated forms. Most production uses annual cultivars, but some wild species of Sorghum are perennial, which may enable the Land Institute to develop a perennial cultivar for "repeated, sufficient grain harvests without resowing." Sorghum is closely related to maize and the millets within the PACMAD clade of grasses, and more distantly to the cereals of
779-449: Is planted in narrow rows. Sorghum actively suppresses weeds by producing sorgoleone, an alkylresorcinol . Sorghum grows in a wide range of temperatures. It can tolerate high altitude and toxic soils, and can recover growth after some drought. Optimum growth temperature range is 12–34 °C (54–93 °F), and the growing season lasts for around 115–140 days. It can grow on a wide range of soils, such as heavy clay to sandy soils with
820-471: Is small, 2 to 4 millimetres (0.08 to 0.2 in) in diameter. Sweet sorghums are cultivars primarily grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol; they are taller than those grown for grain. Sorghum is a large stout grass that grows up to 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) tall. It has large bushy flowerheads or panicles that provide an edible starchy grain with up to 3,000 seeds in each flowerhead. It grows in warm climates worldwide for food and forage. Sorghum
861-439: Is subject to a variety of plant pathogens . The fungus Colletotrichum sublineolum causes anthracnose . The toxic ergot fungus parasitises the grain, risking harm to humans and livestock. Sorghum produces chitinases as defensive compounds against fungal diseases . Transgenesis of additional chitinases increases the crop's disease resistance. The genome of S. bicolor was sequenced between 2005 and 2007. It
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#1732775445765902-479: Is used primarily as poultry feed, and secondarily as cattle feed and in brewing applications. Insect damage is a major threat to sorghum plants. Over 150 species damage crop plants at different stages of development, resulting in significant biomass loss. Stored sorghum grain is attacked by other insect pests such as the lesser grain borer beetle. Sorghum is a host of the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica , purple witchweed; that can reduce production. Sorghum
943-521: The BOP clade such as wheat and barley . Bambusoideae (bamboos) ( fescue , ryegrass ) Hordeum (barley) Triticum (wheat) Secale (rye) Oryza (rice) Pennisetum (fountaingrasses, pearl millet ) Millets Sorghum (sorghum) Zea (maize) S. bicolor was domesticated from its wild ancestor more than 5,000 years ago in Eastern Sudan in the area of
984-875: The Chamba in Donga , Takum and Jibu culture dance in Bali , the Tagba of Acha People in Takum, Kuchecheb of Kutebs in Takum and Ussa, Kati and Bol of the Mambilla and host of others. Taraba is called "Nature's gift to the nation" as the state is rich and has many ethnic groups, including Kuteb , Chamba, Yandang , Mumuyes , Mambila , Karimjo, Wurkums , Jenjo , Jukun , Ichen, Tiv , Kaka, Pena, Kambu , Kodei, Wawa , Vute , Fulani , Hausa and Ndola . A striking historical fact about
1025-465: The Daily Value , DV) of several B vitamins and dietary minerals (table). In the early stages of plant growth, some sorghum species may contain levels of hydrogen cyanide , hordenine , and nitrates lethal to grazing animals. Plants stressed by drought or heat can also contain toxic levels of cyanide and nitrates at later stages in growth. Sorghum is widely used for food and animal fodder. It
1066-461: The Federal House of Representatives . It has the power to legislate on matters on the concurrent list. At the state level, the head of the executive is the governor, who has the power to appoint people to the state executive council, subject to the advice and consent of the state house of assembly (legislature). The head of a ministry at the state level is the commissioner, who is assisted by
1107-501: The Fulani, Wurkun and Mumuye. The southern part is dominated by the Jukun, Chamba, Tiv, Kuteb and Ichen. The central region is mainly occupied by the Fulani, Mambilla, Ndola, Tigon, Jibu, Wurbo, and Daka people. There are about 80 distinct ethnic groups and their languages in the state. The Taraba state was created out of the former Gongola state on 27 August 1991 by the military government of General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida . The state
1148-640: The Indian subcontinent; around 3,000 years ago it reached West Africa. Four other races evolved through cultivation to have larger grains and to become free-threshing, making harvests easier and more productive. These were caudatum in the Sahel ; durra , most likely in India; guinea in West Africa (later reaching India), and from that race mageritiferum that gave rise to the varieties of Southern Africa. In
1189-646: The Middle Ages, the Arab Agricultural Revolution spread sorghum and other crops from Africa and Asia across the Arab world as far as Al-Andalus in Spain. Sorghum remained the staple food of the medieval kingdom of Alodia and most Sub-Saharan cultures prior to European colonialism. Tall varieties of sorghum with a high sugar content are called sweet sorghum; these are useful for producing
1230-663: The Rivers Atbara and Gash . It has been found at an archaeological site near Kassala in eastern Sudan, dating from 3500 to 3000 BC, and is associated with the neolithic Butana Group culture. Sorghum bread from graves in Predynastic Egypt , some 5,100 years ago, is displayed in the Egyptian Museum, Turin , Italy. The first race to be domesticated was bicolor ; it had tight husks that had to be removed forcibly. Around 4,000 years ago, this spread to
1271-520: The Semi-Arid Tropics has improved sorghum using traditional genetic improvement and integrated genetic and natural resources management practices. Some 194 improved cultivars are now planted worldwide. In India , increases in sorghum productivity resulting from improved cultivars have freed up 7 million hectares (17 million acres) of land, enabling farmers to diversify into high-income cash crops and boost their livelihoods. Sorghum
Taraba State - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-585: The State is that it encompasses part of the Mambilla Region which is famed as the Bantu cradle, having been occupied for some five millennia to date (Schwartz, 1972; Zeitlyn & Connell, 2003). The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's House of Assembly. The capital city of the state is Jalingo. The governor of the state is selected using
1353-480: The grain is one of the staples for poor and rural people. These varieties provide forage in many tropical regions. S. bicolor is a food crop in Africa, Central America , and South Asia , and is the fifth most common cereal crop grown in the world. It is most often grown without application of fertilizers or other inputs by small-holder farmers in developing countries. They benefit from sorghum's ability to compete effectively with weeds, especially when it
1394-750: The main rivers in the state. They rise from the Cameroonian mountains, draining almost the entire length of the state in the North and South directions to link up with the River Niger . "Three children's bodies have been found after a boat carrying passengers capsized on Saturday while traveling from the Mayo-Renewo market to the Karim Lamido neighborhood of Taraba," according to diverse media reports. On Sunday, October 29, 2023, Abdullahi Usman,
1435-453: The origin tale " Brother and sister who became the Sun and Moon " is also called "The reason sorghum is red". In the tale, a tiger who is chasing a brother and sister follows them up a rotten rope as they climb into the sky, and become the sun and moon. The rope breaks, and the tiger falls to its death, impaling itself on a sorghum stalk, which becomes red with its blood. In Northeastern Italy in
1476-534: The pH tolerance ranging from 5.0 to 8.5. It requires an arable field that has been left fallow for at least two years or where crop rotation with legumes has taken place in the previous year. Diversified 2- or 4-year crop rotation can improve sorghum yield, additionally making it more resilient to inconsistent growth conditions. In terms of nutrient requirements, sorghum is comparable to other cereal grain crops with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for growth. The International Crops Research Institute for
1517-527: The people of Taraba state is agriculture . Cash crops produced in the state include coffee , tea , groundnuts and cotton . Crops such as maize , rice , sorghum , millet , cassava , and yam are also produced in commercial quantity. In addition, cattle , sheep and goats are reared in large numbers, especially on the Mambilla Plateau, and along the Benue and Taraba valleys . Similarly,
1558-619: The people of Taraba state undertake other livestock production activities like poultry production, rabbit breeding and pig farming in fairly large scale. In February 2024, the World Bank in Nigeria announced plans to empower 5,200 female livestock farmers in the state. Communities living on the banks of River Benue , River Taraba, River Donga and Ibi, engage in fishing all year round. Other occupational activities such as pottery, cloth-weaving, dyeing, mat-making, carving, embroidery and blacksmithing are also carried out in various parts of
1599-598: The state's police spokesperson, confirmed the incident to TheCable . Given that they are passengers from the Mayo-Renewo market traveling to Karim Lamido, he said the exact number of passengers on that boat has yet to be determined. The climate of Taraba state is marked by an annual average temperature of 33 ° C but high level of cold in January and an increased rainfall in August. The percentage of rainfall in Taraba state
1640-707: The state. Taraba state has abundant natural resources for industrial and commercial use, these include: The government has made concerted efforts to improve areas of tourist attractions like Mambilla Tourist Center, Gumpti Park and game reserve in Gashaka . Karimjo Abedahh festival and the Nwunyu fishing festival in Ibi , all this is usually held in April of each year where activities such as canoe racing, swimming competition and cultural dances are held. Other festivals are Purma of
1681-489: Was viewed as a plant that would be productive in the West Indies. The name sorghum derives from Italian sorgo , which in turn most likely comes from 12th century Medieval Latin surgum or suricum . This in turn may be from Latin syricum , meaning "[grass] of Syria". Most varieties of sorghum are drought - and heat-tolerant, nitrogen -efficient, and are grown particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where