26-619: Tarif may refer to: Tarifa Tarifa Tarifa ( Spanish pronunciation: [taˈɾifa] ) is a Spanish municipality in the province of Cádiz , Andalusia . Located at the southernmost end of the Iberian Peninsula , it is primarily known as one of the world's most popular destinations for windsports . Tarifa lies on the Costa de la Luz (" coast of light ") and across the Strait of Gibraltar facing Morocco . Besides
52-509: A marqués is addressed as " The Most Illustrious Lord" ( Ilustrísimo Señor ), or if he/she is a grandee as " The Most Excellent Lord" ( Excelentísimo Señor ). Examples include the Marquess of Carpio , Grandee of Spain . In Great Britain and historically in Ireland, a marquess ranks below a duke and above an earl . A woman with the rank of a marquess, or the wife of a marquess,
78-634: A count. The title is ranked below that of a duke , which was often largely restricted to the royal family. The rank of marquess was a relatively late introduction to the British peerage: no marcher lords had the rank of marquess, though some were earls . On the evening of the Coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838, the Prime Minister Lord Melbourne explained to her why (from her journals): I spoke to [Lord Melbourne] about
104-487: A hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), bordering a warm-summer (Csb) Mediterranean climate according to the Köppen climate classification . The influence of the ocean creates a very small annual variation in temperatures. The average daily high in the hottest month, August, is only 9.3°C above the average lowest temperature during the month of January, and more than 10°C cooler than temperatures experienced further inland in
130-499: A marquess and other titles has, since the Middle Ages , faded into obscurity. In times past, the distinction between a count and a marquess was that the land of a marquess, called a march , was on the border of the country, while a count's land, called a county , often was not. As a result of this, a marquess was trusted to defend and fortify against potentially hostile neighbours and was thus more important and ranked higher than
156-624: Is a marchioness / ˌ m ɑː r ʃ ə ˈ n ɛ s / . The dignity, rank, or position of the title is a marquisate or marquessate. The honorific prefix " The Most Honourable " precedes the name of a marquess or marchioness of the United Kingdom . In Great Britain , and historically in Ireland , the spelling of this title is marquess . In Scotland, the French spelling marquis is sometimes used. The theoretical distinction between
182-486: Is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness or marquise . These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan . The word marquess entered
208-618: Is derived from the name of the Umayyad Caliphate military commander, Tarif ibn Malik . At exactly 36 degrees latitude, the Punta de Tarifa is the southernmost point of continental Europe . (The only parts of Europe farther south are islands - including the Greek island of Gavdos , which is the southernmost point of Europe.) The North African capitals of Algiers and Tunis actually lie farther north than Tarifa. Tarifa features
234-479: Is renowned for its African Film Festival , whose first edition took place in 2004. Tarifa is popular for its placement in The Alchemist . There are regular ferry services connecting Tarifa with Tangier (40 minutes) and Ceuta (1 hour) from the ferry port. Bus services run from the bus station on Calle Batalla de Salado. There are regular services between Tarifa and Algeciras , about 20 km to
260-619: The Battle of Río Salado . Despite its formidable defenses, Tarifa remained sparsely populated for the rest of the middle ages. The destruction of Algeciras after the 1369 Nasrid conquest turned Tarifa into the sole power base for the Castilian navy in the Strait area, and the influence of the Admiralcy of Castile increased thereafter. Tarifa enjoyed a great deal of privileges confirmed by
286-555: The Guadalquivir valley. Thus Tarifa features a unique microclimate . Summers are strongly moderated by the cool waters of the Atlantic Ocean much more so than neighbouring cities along Spain's Mediterranean and Atlantic coast. Likewise, winters are some of the mildest in continental Europe. Rain falls primarily during the winter, with summer being largely dry as is the norm in this type of climate. Historical landmarks of
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#1732765809399312-599: The 10th century. Later Tarifa was held by the taifa of Algeciras (1031) and by that of Seville (1057), and subsequently by the Almoravids . After the latter's fall, it lived a short period under another taifa of Algeciras (1231), until becoming part of the Kingdom of Granada . In 1292 it was conquered by Sancho IV of Castile , and two years later it resisted a siege by North African Islamic troops. The town resisted another siege in 1340 from Marinid , eventually leading to
338-402: The Castilian monarchs, while being simultaneously threatened by Muslim raids that resulted into frequent killings and kidnappings. Owing to its largely military function after 1292, military activity weighted heavily in the place's social structure in the early 15th century. The town was donated to Fadrique Enríquez , Admiral of Castile, in 1447. The seigneuralization was fiercely opposed by
364-668: The Emperor) given to the leader of an active army along the frontier. The title of marquess in Belgium predates the French Revolution and still exists today. See Belgian nobility § Marquesses in the Belgian nobility and List of noble families in Belgium § Marquesses . In Spain, the rank of Marquess/Marchioness ( Marqués / Marquesa ) still exists. One hundred forty-two of them are Spanish grandees . Normally
390-614: The English language from the Old French marchis ("ruler of a border area") in the late 13th or early 14th century. The French word was derived from marche ("frontier"), itself descended from the Middle Latin marca ("frontier") Margrave and marchese in the kingdoms of Italy , from which the modern English word march also descends. The distinction between governors of frontier territories and interior territories
416-542: The Puerto de Jerez (the main entrance to the old town) at the junction of Avenida Andalucía and Calle Batalla de Salado. The intentional community "Molino de Guadalmesi", which is part of the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN), is located about 13 km north-east from Tarifa. Marquisate A marquess ( UK : / ˈ m ɑː ( r ) k w ɪ s / ; French : marquis [maʁki] )
442-596: The city include: Tarifa is located within the Intercontinental Mediterranean Biosphere Reserve , a renowned place to watch migrating birds , in particular the storks which cross the Straits of Gibraltar in spring and autumn. Also whale and dolphin watching can be done as there are several species living on the 14 kilometre-wide Straits, for instance the common dolphin , Pilot whale , sperm whale and orca . Tarifa
468-466: The city proper, the municipality also comprises several villages, including Tahivilla , Facinas , and Bolonia . It was thought that Tarifa was once the site of the Roman settlement of Julia Transducta (also known as Julia Joza, or just Transducta). However, that settlement is now thought to have been where Algeciras now stands, while there is strong evidence that Casas de Porro, Valdevaqueros (Tarifa)
494-477: The conquest and increasingly in the late middle ages, fishing activity provided riches to Tarifa, and an industry of the almadraba around tuna had developed in the early 16th century. In the early 16th century, the city became part of the seigneurial land of the Adelantado Mayor de Andalucía. Population increased in the 16th century, with around 3,500–4,000 inhabitants by 1587. In 1514 it became
520-531: The inhabitants. Occupied by Gonzalo de Saavedra, Tarifa returned to the nominal status of realengo [ es ] , while largely controlled by the former. The mid-15th century saw the fostering of positive collaboration with the Portuguese across the strait. After 1492, Tarifa lost part of its military value. Owing to its good pastures, husbandry played a notable role in the economy. It however lacked land dedicated to cereal crops. Already since
546-526: The northeast, and Seville about 200 km to the north. Direct buses also run to Málaga and Cádiz . In high summer a special kitesurfing bus runs along the A7 between Tarifa bus station and Camping Jardin de las Dunas, stopping at popular hotels and campsites along the route. There is a taxi rank on the Avenida Andalucía. It is about 5 minutes walk from the bus station and is located just outside
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#1732765809399572-500: The numbers of Peers present at the Coronation, & he said it was quite unprecedented. I observed that there were very few Viscounts, to which he replied "There are very few Viscounts ," that they were an old sort of title & not really English; that they came from Vice-Comites; that Dukes & Barons were the only real English titles; – that Marquises were likewise not English, & that people were mere made Marquises, when it
598-727: The seat of a marquisate ( Marquiss of Tarifa ), including also Bornos , Espera and Alcalá de los Gazules . In the course of the Peninsular War , Tarifa was besieged by French troops on 20 December 1810, and again on 18 December 1811. In both of these cases the town was defended by British troops from Gibraltar as the Spanish and British were allies against the French. During the 1811–12 Siege of Tarifa there were 3,000 defending troops with 1,200 of those British, including Colonel Charles Holloway who as commanding Royal Engineer made improvements to Tarifa's defences. On 19 December
624-410: The town was attacked again by General Laval, who bombarded the town over Christmas to the point where surrender was demanded on 30 December. Both the British and Spanish commanders refused to comply and their defiance was rewarded by rain that started the next day. By 5 January the attacking force realised that their powder was wet and their guns were bogged down in mud, and retreated. The name "Tarifa"
650-571: Was made as early as the founding of the Roman Empire when some provinces were set aside for administration by the senate and more unpacified or vulnerable provinces were administered by the emperor. The titles " duke " and " count " were similarly distinguished as ranks in the Byzantine Empire , with dux (literally, "leader") being used for a provincial military governor and the rank of comes (literally "companion," that is, of
676-519: Was the site of the settlement of Mellaria . Tarifa was given its present name after the Islamic conquest of Tarif ibn Malik in 710, a military commander of Musa bin Nusayr . The village of Bolonia near Tarifa was also populated in Roman times (called Baelo Claudia ). Roman ruins still exist near the village today. After the Islamic conquest of southern Spain , the city was fortified starting from
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