The Tarnovo Constitution ( Bulgarian : Търновска конституция ) was the first constitution of Bulgaria .
85-667: It was adopted on 16 April 1879 ( O.S. ) by the Constituent National Assembly held in Veliko Tarnovo as part of the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria . It remained the fundamental law of Bulgaria after the country was elevated to a kingdom in 1908. Based on the Belgian charter of 1831 , The Constitution was liberal in character and was considered advanced for its time. It defined
170-693: A fiefdom of Catholic Poland, was the first Protestant state to adopt the Gregorian calendar. Under the influence of its liege lord, the King of Poland, it agreed in 1611 to do so. So 22 August was followed by 2 September 1612. However, this calendar change did not apply to other territories of the Hohenzollern , such as Berlin-based Brandenburg , a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1700, through Ole Rømer 's influence, Denmark–Norway adopted
255-715: A socialist satellite state of the Soviet Union . The party had dominated the Fatherland Front , a coalition that took power in 1944, late in World War II , after it led a coup against Bulgaria's tsarist regime in conjunction with the Red Army 's crossing of the border. It controlled its armed forces, the Bulgarian People's Army . The BCP was organized on the basis of democratic centralism ,
340-526: A solar year . Consequently, holy days in Islam migrate around the solar year on a 32-year cycle. Some countries in the Islamic world use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes, while retaining the Islamic calendar for religious purposes. For example, Saudi Arabia adopted the Gregorian calendar for the purpose of paying public sector staff effective 1 October 2016; private sector employers had already adopted
425-529: A court. This rule was ignored by the "People's Tribunal" of 1945, during the Soviet occupation of the country . The tribunal did not hold the statute of а court yet passed on more than 10,000 sentences to people who were seen as a threat by the Bulgarian Communist Party , which was coming to power at the time. The article prohibiting censorship was suspended in the 1880s by a law enforced by
510-592: A few others, and as such, the days on which Easter and other holidays were celebrated by different Christian churches diverged. Catholic states such as France , the Italian principalities , Poland–Lithuania , Spain (along with her European and overseas possessions), Portugal , and the Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire were first to change to the Gregorian calendar. Thursday, 4 October 1582,
595-607: A major-general of the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army, Karl Wilhelm von Stutterheim , who tells of a joint advance of the Russian and Austrian forces (in which he himself took part) five days before the battle, and it is explicitly rejected in Goetz's 2005 book-length study of the battle. The date when each country adopted the Gregorian calendar, or an equivalent, is marked against a horizontal timeline. The vertical axis
680-489: A modified version of the Gregorian calendar, including Thailand ( Thai solar calendar ), Japan ( Japanese calendar ), North Korea ( North Korean calendar ) and Taiwan ( Minguo calendar ). While many religious organizations reckon their liturgical year by the Gregorian civil calendar, others have retained their own calendars. Alternative calendars are used in many regions of the world today to mark cycles of religious and astrological events. The use of different calendars had
765-547: A parliament whose members were elected by the people. The monarch bore the title of Prince and not tsar , as it was during the First and the Second Bulgarian Empire , since the treaty of Berlin from 1878 restricted Bulgaria's independence to a certain degree and made it a de facto vassal state of Turkey . The Prince was supposed to be male and of Orthodox religion, although, in a legal act, an exception to
850-657: A principle introduced by the Russian Marxist scholar and leader Vladimir Lenin , which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed-upon policies. The highest body of the BCP was the Party Congress, convened every fifth year. When the Party Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body, but since the body normally met only once
935-534: A year, most duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee. The party's leader held the offices of General Secretary. The BCP was committed to Marxism-Leninism , an ideology based on the writings of the German philosopher Karl Marx and of Lenin (from 1922 to 1953 as formulated by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ). In the 1960s, the BCP announced some economic reforms, which allowed
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#17327654433171020-471: Is used for expansion to show separate national names for ease in charting, but otherwise has no significance. Bulgarian Communist Party The Bulgarian Communist Party ( Bulgarian : Българска комунистическа партия (БΚП), Romanised : Bŭlgarska komunisticheska partiya ; BKP ) was the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 1990, when the country ceased to be
1105-693: The Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists) ( Tesni Sotsialisti , "Narrow Socialists"), which was founded in 1903 after a split in the 10th Congress of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party . The party's founding leader was Dimitar Blagoev , who was the driving force behind the formation of the BSDWP in 1894. It comprised most of the hardline Marxists in the Social Democratic Workers' Party. The party opposed World War I and
1190-643: The Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). A number of hardline Communists established several splinter parties with a small number of members. One of these parties, named Communist Party of Bulgaria ( Komunisticeska Partija na Balgarija ), is led by Aleksandar Paunov . The Party House (Партийния дом, Partiyniya dom ) served as the headquarters of the Bulgarian Communist Party, located at the Largo . The Party House building
1275-482: The Common Era or Anno Domini system, or a year of the nengō of the emperor on the throne. Since 1873, an era and the first year of that era has begun on the day of the year that the emperor ascended the throne. The second year of that era began on the next 1 January even if the first year contained only a few days. All subsequent years of that era began on 1 January until that emperor died or abdicated. For example,
1360-582: The Council of People's Commissars issued a decree that Wednesday, 31 January 1918, was to be followed by Thursday, 14 February 1918, thus dropping 13 days from the calendar. The decree required that the Julian date was to be written in parentheses after the Gregorian date, until 1 July 1918. With the change, the October Revolution itself, once converted, took place on 7 November. Articles about
1445-629: The Coup d'état of 1944 organized by the Bulgarian Communist Party . The Referendum of 1946 led to the transition from a constitutional monarchy to a people's republic . The referendum took place during the Soviet occupation of the country and was also technically illegal since the Tarnovo Constitution did not provide for a change in the type of government. The Tarnovo Constitution was permanently abolished in 1947 when another one, bearing
1530-741: The Czech lands , Protestants resisted the calendar imposed by the Habsburg monarchy . In parts of Ireland, Catholic rebels (until their defeat in the Nine Years' War ) kept the "new" Easter in defiance of the English-loyal authorities ; later, Catholics practising in secret petitioned the Propaganda Fide for dispensation from observing the new calendar, as it signalled their disloyalty. The Lutheran Duchy of Prussia , until 1657 still
1615-733: The Greek Old Calendarists did not accept the Revised Julian calendar, and continue to celebrate Christmas on 25 December in the Julian calendar, which is 7 January in the Gregorian calendar until 2100. All of the other Eastern churches, the Oriental Orthodox churches ( Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria , Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church , and Syriac Orthodox Church ) continue to use their own calendars, which usually result in fixed dates being celebrated in accordance with
1700-658: The Orthodox Church of Ukraine continued following the old Julian calendar until 2023. In 2018, the Ukrainian Lutheran Church switched to the Revised Julian calendar . After the Russian invasion in 2022, most other Christian denominations that were still using the old Julian calendar announced that they would transition to the Gregorian or the Revised Julian calendar. The All-Ukrainian Union of Churches of Evangelical Christian Baptists and
1785-497: The Republic of China (ROC) government under Provisional President Sun Yat-sen abolished the lunisolar Chinese calendar and adopted the Gregorian calendar. The public, however, resisted the change and continued to observe traditional holidays. President Yuan Shikai switched to a dual-calendar policy, under which the Gregorian calendar was to be used for most purposes except traditional holidays, which were to be timed according to
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#17327654433171870-553: The Russian general Sobolev ; this law restricted media to seven selected newspapers and magazines, and limited comments critical of the government. Similar regulations were in effect in the late era of Stefan Stambolov 's government. In 1881, the Grand National Assembly (the supreme form of parliament) was manipulated by the principal Alexander I of Battenberg in order to suspend the entire constitution. During
1955-404: The Soviet Union and remained close to its leadership after Nikita Khrushchev was deposed by Leonid Brezhnev . His rule led to relative political stability and an increase in living standards. The demands for democratic reform which swept Eastern Europe in 1989 led Zhivkov to resign. He was succeeded by a considerably more liberal Communist, Petar Mladenov . On 11 December Mladenov announced
2040-672: The States General adopted it on 25 December of that year; the provinces forming the Southern Netherlands (modern Belgium ) except the Duchy of Brabant adopted it on 1 January 1583; the province of Holland adopted it on 12 January 1583. The seven Catholic Swiss cantons adopted the new calendar in January 1584. Many Protestant countries initially objected to adopting a Catholic innovation; some Protestants feared
2125-511: The 11th lunar month not only in Korea but also in China , which still used the lunisolar calendar. Yet Korean era names were used for its years through 1910; and between 1910 and 1945, when Korea was under Japanese rule , Japanese era names were used to count the years of the Gregorian calendar used in Korea. In South Korea , from 1945 until 1961, Gregorian calendar years were also counted from
2210-464: The 20th century. Some religious groups in some of these countries, known as Old Calendarists , still use the "old style" (O.S.) Julian calendar for ecclesiastical purposes. The Kingdom of Bulgaria changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1916 during the First World War . 31 March was followed by 14 April 1916. The Ottoman Empire 's Rumi calendar , used for fiscal purposes,
2295-575: The Chinese calendar; this would also be followed by the short-lived Empire of China . With the 1928 unification of China under the Kuomintang , the Nationalist government decreed that, effective 1 January 1929 , the Gregorian calendar would be used. The Republic of China calendar would retain the Chinese traditions of numbering the months with a modified era system, determined according to
2380-765: The Church of Christians of the Evangelical Faith of Ukraine ( Pentecostals ) switched to the Gregorian calendar the same year. On 1 September 2023, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church switched to the Gregorian calendar, while the Orthodox Church of Ukraine opted for the Revised Julian calendar. At the same time, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) declared that it would continue to celebrate
2465-594: The Earth's orbit. According to Gregory's scientific advisers, the calendar had acquired ten excess leap days since the First Council of Nicaea (which established the rule for dating Easter in AD 325). Consequently, he ruled, the numbering of days must jump by ten, to restore the status quo ante ; thus, for example, when the Catholic countries of Europe adopted the new calendar, the day after Thursday, 4 October 1582
2550-620: The Eurasian side of the International Date Line to the American side. As noted above, the Catholic cantons of Switzerland adopted the new calendar in 1582. Geneva and several Protestant cantons adopted it in January 1701 or at other dates throughout the 18th century. The two Swiss communes of Schiers and Grüsch were the last areas of Western and Central Europe to switch to the Gregorian calendar, in 1812. Many of
2635-732: The Gregorian calendar as the official civil calendar, with the Rattanakosin Era (with 1782 as Year 1). The Thai lunar calendar remains in use for religious purposes. Since the British conquest of the Konbaung dynasty in 1886, the Gregorian calendar has been used alongside the Burmese calendar in Myanmar . The Islamic calendar is a lunar one so there are twelve lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days, being 11 days shorter than
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2720-408: The Gregorian calendar for 40 years; also, the difference would not be constant but would change every four years. This system had the potential for confusion when working out the dates of Swedish events in this 40-year period. To add to the confusion, the system was poorly administered, and the leap days that should have been excluded in 1704 and 1708 were not excluded. The Swedish calendar (according to
2805-600: The Gregorian calendar for pay purposes. Today, the vast majority of countries use the Gregorian calendar as their sole civil calendar. The four countries which have not adopted the Gregorian calendar are Ethiopia ( Ethiopian calendar ), Nepal ( Vikram Samvat and Nepal Sambat ), Iran and Afghanistan ( Solar Hijri calendar ). Some countries use other calendars alongside the Gregorian calendar, including India ( Indian national calendar ), Bangladesh ( Bengali calendar ), Pakistan ( Islamic calendar ), Israel ( Hebrew calendar ) and Myanmar ( Burmese calendar ), and other countries use
2890-511: The Gregorian calendar for secular purposes was Greece, at the time under military administration following the 11 September 1922 Revolution . The date of change was 1 March 1923, As a consequence, Wednesday 15 February 1923 in the Greek calendar was followed by Thursday 1 March 1923. The decree expressly limited the reform to lay (i.e. non-religious) matters, so the reform did not affect the dates of religious holidays. (See below.) Turkey adopted
2975-488: The Gregorian calendar in 1923, except in the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem , where the old Julian calendar is still in use. Japan , Korea , and China started using the Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1873 , 1 January 1896 , and 1 January 1912 , respectively. They previously used lunisolar calendars . The Old Style and New Style dates in these countries usually mean the older lunisolar dates and
3060-409: The Gregorian calendar is now the world's universal civil calendar , old style calendars remaining in use in religious or traditional contexts. During – and for some time after – the transition between systems, it has been common to use the terms "Old Style" and "New Style" when giving dates, to indicate which calendar was used to reckon them. The Gregorian calendar
3145-483: The Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1926. While the civil administrations of Eastern European countries adopted the Gregorian calendar in the 1910s or early 1920s, none of the national Eastern Orthodox Churches have recognised the Gregorian calendar for church or religious purposes. Instead, the Revised Julian calendar was proposed in May 1923 at the Council of Constantinople . It uses a different leap year rule, leading to
3230-457: The Gregorian calendar was difficult and protracted. Sweden started to make the change from the Julian calendar and towards the Gregorian calendar in 1700, but it was decided to make the (then 11-day) adjustment gradually by excluding the leap days (29 February) from each of 11 successive leap years, 1700 to 1740. Meanwhile, the Swedish calendar would be out of step with both the Julian calendar and
3315-511: The Gregorian calendar with numbered months and adopted Western numbered years, but timed traditional holidays according to the Chinese calendar and abolished the ROC Era System. Today mainland China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore all observe traditional holidays based on the traditional calendar, such as Chinese New Year , while timing other holidays, especially national anniversaries, according to
3400-498: The Gregorian calendar. The adopted calendar in both mainland China and Taiwan is called the Public Calendar ( simplified Chinese : 公历 ; traditional Chinese : 公曆 ; pinyin : Gōnglì ), or "New Calendar" ( simplified Chinese : 新历 ; traditional Chinese : 新曆 ; pinyin : Xīnlì ). The Chinese language may distinguish old and new style dates in different ways: In speaking, people generally call
3485-543: The Julian and Gregorian styles. This practice ended when independence was gained in 1917. Through enactment of the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 , Great Britain and its possessions (including parts of what is now the United States) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752, by which time it was necessary to correct by 11 days. Wednesday, 2 September 1752, was followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752. In Great Britain,
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3570-647: The Julian calendar. This is most interesting in the case of the Syriac Orthodox Church, as one of its Patriarchs, Ignatius Nemet Allah I , was one of the nine scholars who devised the Gregorian calendar. The Indian Orthodox Church uses the Gregorian calendar along with their autonomous Syriac Orthodox counterparts in India, the Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church . The Armenian Apostolic Church adopted
3655-480: The October Revolution that mention this date difference tend to do a full conversion to the dates from Julian to the Gregorian calendar. For example, in the article "The October (November) Revolution" the Encyclopædia Britannica uses the format of "25 October (7 November, New Style)" to describe the date of the start of the revolution. In the territory of modern Ukraine , the Gregorian calendar
3740-554: The alliance. Suspected counter-revolutionaries were imprisoned. In 1948 the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists) was forced to merge into the BKP, thus liquidating any left-wing alternative to the communists. In March 1954, one year after Joseph Stalin 's death, Chervenkov was deposed. From 1954 until 1989 the party was led by Todor Zhivkov , who was very supportive of
3825-466: The birth of Christ according to the Julian calendar. Other countries of Eastern Europe, most notably Eastern Orthodox countries, adopted the Gregorian calendar for secular purposes in the 1910s or early 1920s. By the 20th century, the date on the Julian calendar was 13 days behind that on the Gregorian calendar. Romania adopted the Gregorian in 1919, with 31 March 1919 being followed by 14 April 1919. The last country of Eastern Orthodox Europe to adopt
3910-543: The bull had no authority beyond ecclesial institutions and the Papal States . The changes he was proposing were changes to the civil calendar, over which he had no formal authority. They required adoption by the civil authorities in each country to have legal effect. The bull became the canon law of the Catholic Church in 1582, but it was not recognised by Protestant churches , Eastern Orthodox Churches , and
3995-444: The calendars from 10 back to 11 days. Sweden finally adopted the solar portion of the Gregorian calendar in 1753, when Wednesday, 17 February, was followed by Thursday, 1 March. What became later Finland was an integral part of the Swedish kingdom at that time, hence it did the same. The Russian Empire's 1809 conquest of Finland did not revert this, since autonomy was granted, but government documents in Finland were dated in both
4080-446: The countries of eastern Europe were Eastern Orthodox or Islamic and adopted the Gregorian calendar much later than western Christian countries. Catholic countries such as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth adopted the "new style" (N.S.) Gregorian calendar in 1582 (switched back in 1795 after the Third Partition of Poland ), but the switch to the Gregorian calendar for secular use occurred in Eastern Orthodox countries as late as
4165-399: The custom of dual dating (giving a date in both old and new styles) can refer to the Julian/Gregorian calendar change, or to the start of year change, or to both. The European colonies of the Americas adopted the change when their mother countries did. New France and New Spain had adopted the new calendar in 1582. The Gregorian calendar was applied in the British colonies in Canada and
4250-414: The date in the Gregorian calendar month "No. dd " ( simplified Chinese : dd号 ; traditional Chinese : dd號 ); for example, the Spring Festival of year 2017 is No. 28 of Month 1 ( simplified Chinese : 1月28号 ; traditional Chinese : 1月28號 ). On the other hand, people never call dates on the Chinese calendar as "No. dd". , which avoids any possible ambiguity. When referencing dates before
4335-410: The first year of the Showa Era , that of Emperor Hirohito , contained only the last six days of 1926, while Showa 64, his last year, contained only the first seven days of 1989. The current Gregorian year 2024 corresponds to Reiwa 6. Replacing its years numbered from 1392, the founding of the Joseon dynasty, Korea started using the Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1896, which was the 17th day of
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#17327654433174420-565: The foundation of Gojoseon in 2333 BC (regarded as year one), the date of the legendary founding of Korea by Dangun , hence these Dangi (단기) years were 4278 to 4294. This numbering was informally used with the Korean lunar calendar before 1945 but is only occasionally used today. Since 1997, North Korea officially counts years based on the Juche era , the first year of which is 1912, the year of Kim Il Sung 's birth, with Gregorian months and days. The current Gregorian year 2024 corresponds to Juche year 113. At its founding on 1 January 1912 ,
4505-540: The free sale of production that exceeded planned amounts. After Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev took power in 1985, the BCP underwent political and economic liberalization , which promptly liquidated the party and dissolved the People's Republic of Bulgaria completely. After the end of the BCP, the party was renamed to the Bulgarian Socialist Party in 1990; though Bulgaria retained its socialist-era constitution until 1991 along with its Warsaw Pact membership until its dissolution that same year. The party's origins lay in
4590-417: The function and competence of the central organs of state authority according to the principle of separation of powers among an executive , a legislative , and a judiciary branch. It provided for ministerial responsibility, immunity of the deputies, and inviolability of private property. The constitution included a clause that formally established the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as the official religion of
4675-427: The future United States east of the Appalachian Mountains in 1752. Alaska remained on the Julian calendar along with the rest of Russia until 1867, when it was sold to the United States . At noon on Saturday, 7 October 1867 (Julian), the date changed to Friday, 18 October 1867 (Gregorian). Although the Julian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar, only 11 days were skipped because Alaska also moved from
4760-470: The history of most cultures and societies around the world, marking a change from one of various traditional (or "old style") dating systems to the contemporary (or "new style") system – the Gregorian calendar – which is widely used around the world today. Some states adopted the new calendar in 1582, others not before the early twentieth century, and others at various dates between. A few have yet to do so, but except for these,
4845-455: The introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, the official Chinese calendar may either inherit the issues with earlier calendars to be historically correct or follow the proleptic Gregorian calendar if so specified. The Gregorian calendar replaced the Burmese calendar in several mainland Southeast Asian kingdoms in the second half of the 19th century. This took place in Cambodia in 1863 and Laos in 1889. In 1889, Siam also switched to
4930-418: The major Western powers (excluding Russia). To this day, however, it is common to use reign names (nengō), especially for official documents; for instance, Meiji 1 for 1868, Taishō 1 for 1912, Shōwa 1 for 1926, Heisei 1 for 1989, Reiwa 1 for 2019, and so on. The months and days are those of the Gregorian calendar, but the year is either the "Western calendar" (西暦, seireki ) year number per
5015-454: The mean year being slightly shorter than that of the Gregorian calendar, while being constructed in such a way as to maximise the time before its dates start to diverge from the Gregorian. There will be no difference between the two calendars until 2800. The Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem , Russian Orthodox Church , Serbian Orthodox Church , Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church , Polish Orthodox Church , Macedonian Orthodox Church and
5100-434: The monarch and his successor, must pay taxes to the state. All (male) citizens were obliged to serve in the military; this requirement included the monarch (who was head of the military forces) and his successors. All citizens were allowed freedom of association, and were free to form political parties or start their own companies. The Tarnovo Constitution prohibited punishment of a citizen whose case had not been examined by
5185-407: The name of the communist party's leader Georgi Dimitrov , came into effect. The Dimitrov Constitution was a thoroughly Communist document that allowed censorship and the establishment of a one-party system while depriving citizens of certain fundamental rights . Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe The adoption of the Gregorian Calendar has taken place in
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#17327654433175270-407: The nation, although people of other religions were considered equal to those who followed the official faith. With amendments in 1893 and 1911 that strengthened royal power, the Tarnovo Constitution remained in use until 4 December 1947, when it was replaced by the Dimitrov Constitution . According to the constitution of 1879, Bulgaria was declared to be a constitutional, hereditary monarchy with
5355-474: The new calendar was implemented on the date specified by the bull, with Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582, being followed by Gregorian Friday, 15 October 1582; the Spanish and Portuguese colonies followed somewhat later de facto because of delay in communication. Other Catholic countries soon followed. France adopted the new calendar with Sunday, 9 December 1582, being followed by Monday, 20 December 1582. The Dutch provinces of Brabant and Zeeland , and
5440-433: The new calendar was part of a plot to return them to the Catholic fold. In England for example, Queen Elizabeth I and her privy council had looked favourably to a Gregorian-like royal commission recommendation to drop 10 days from the calendar but the virulent opposition of the Anglican bishops, who argued that the Pope was undoubtedly the fourth great beast of Daniel , led the Queen to let the matter be quietly dropped. In
5525-437: The newer Gregorian calendar dates respectively. In these countries, the old style calendars were similar but not all the same. The Arabic numerals may be used for both calendar dates in modern Japanese and Korean languages, but not for Chinese old-style dates. Japan decided to officially replace its traditional lunisolar calendar with the Gregorian calendar in 1872, so the day following 31 December 1872 as "the second day of
5610-400: The next seven years, the monarch had unlimited power and issued a series of ordinances that were only technically approved by the ministers. This period, which Bulgarian historians refer to as a regime, ended in 1888 when the constitution was restored. The Tarnovo Constitution was temporarily suspended several times more, most notably during the Coup d'état of 1934 led by Kimon Georgiev and
5695-424: The party merged with the Bulgarian Workers' Party and took the former party's name. Following Dimitrov's sudden death, the party was led by Valko Chervenkov , a Stalinist who oversaw a number of party purges that met with Moscow 's approval. The party joined the Cominform at its inception in 1948 and conducted purges against suspected Titoites following the expulsion of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia from
5780-419: The party was giving up its guaranteed right to rule. For all intents and purposes, this was the end of Communist rule in Bulgaria , though it would be another month before the provision in the constitution enshrining the party's "leading role" was deleted. The party moved in a more moderate direction, and by the spring of 1990 was no longer a Marxist-Leninist party. That April, the party changed its name to
5865-426: The potential to cause confusion between contemporaries. For example, it is related that one of the contributory factors for Napoleon 's victory at the Battle of Austerlitz was the confusion between the Russians, who were using the Julian calendar, and the Austrians, who were using the Gregorian calendar, over the date that their forces should combine. However, this tale is not supported in a contemporary account from
5950-461: The religious restriction was made when electing the Lutheran Alexander of Battenberg as the first Prince. The Prince had the power to initiate a legislative campaign and to coordinate the activities of the prime minister and the cabinet. Although the ministers were entitled to act as if they were representing the Prince, by signing with their own signature they agreed to take responsibility for what resulted from their actions. The Prince's signature
6035-445: The solar portion of the Gregorian calendar simultaneously with the Brandenburg-Pomerania and other Protestant estates of the Holy Roman Empire. Sunday, 18 February 1700, was followed by Monday, 1 March 1700. None of these states adopted the lunar portion , instead calculating the date of Easter astronomically using the instant of the vernal equinox and the full moon according to Kepler 's Rudolphine Tables of 1627; this combination
6120-580: The term "New Style" was used for the calendar and the Act omits any acknowledgement of Pope Gregory: the Annexe to the Act established a computation for the date of Easter that achieved the same result as Gregory's rules, without actually referring to him. With the same Act, the Empire (except Scotland, which had already done so from 1600) changed the start of the civil year from 25 March to 1 January. Consequently,
6205-569: The traditional Chinese era names , but using the founding of the Republic of China government in 1912 as the start ( epoch ) rather than the regnal year of an emperor. The current Gregorian year 2024 corresponds to the ROC year 113. This system is still in use in Taiwan where the ROC government retains control since 1945 . Upon its foundation in 1949, the People's Republic of China continued to use
6290-410: The transition plan) should have been 8 days behind the Gregorian but was 10 days behind. King Charles XII recognised that the gradual change to the new system was not working, and he abandoned it. Rather than proceeding directly to the Gregorian calendar, it was decided to revert to the Julian calendar. This was achieved by introducing the unique date 30 February in 1712, adjusting the discrepancy in
6375-483: The twelfth month of Meiji 5" ( 明治5年12月2日 , Meiji gonen jūnigatsu futsuka ) became 1 January 1873 , locally known as "the first day of the first month of Meiji 6" ( 明治6年1月1日 , Meiji rokunen ichigatsu tsuitachi ) . (The Japanese rendering of the Western months is simply ichi-gatsu or "One-month" for January, ni-gatsu or "Two-month" for February, etc. ) This brought Japan's calendar in alignment with that of
6460-422: The word "Prince" with "tzar" wherever it occurred throughout the document. In accordance with its constitution, Bulgaria promulgated equality for all its citizens and, despite being a monarchy, prohibited the promotion of any kind of aristocratic titles . Censorship was prohibited, although the article which stated this was suspended several times. Article 61, which dealt with slavery and human trafficking ,
6545-461: Was Friday, 15 October 1582. Countries which did not change until the 18th century had by then observed an additional leap year (1700), necessitating the removal of eleven days from the reckoning. Some countries did not change until the 19th or 20th century, necessitating the removal of one or two further days. Although Gregory's reform was enacted in the most solemn of forms available to the Church ,
6630-413: Was also required for a bill to become law after it had passed through parliament. In 1908, when Prince Ferdinand Saxe-Coburg-Gotha proclaimed the independence of Bulgaria , he raised the country to a kingdom and assumed the title " tzar " (translated as king outside of Bulgaria). The Tarnovo Constitution was amended to change the official name of the country to the "Kingdom of Bulgaria" and substitute
6715-485: Was decreed in 1582 by the papal bull Inter gravissimas by Pope Gregory XIII , to correct an error in the Julian calendar that was causing an erroneous calculation of the date of Easter . The Julian calendar had been based upon a year lasting 365.25 days , but this was slightly too long; in reality, it is about 365.2422 days, and so over the centuries, the calendar had drifted increasingly out of alignment with
6800-475: Was followed by Friday, 15 October 1582, with ten days skipped. Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy . In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon ) and in the Papal States ,
6885-574: Was officially adopted for secular use immediately after its adoption by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, as most of Ukraine then was part of the predominantly Catholic Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . The Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine switched to the new calendar at the same time. However, the Orthodox churches in the Commonwealth refused to accept a calendar instigated by a Roman Catholic Pope, so
6970-496: Was one of the reasons why the Tarnovo Constitution was considered liberal and advanced for its time: Nobody in the Principality of Bulgaria is permitted to buy or sell human beings. Each and every enslaved human being, regardless of his/her gender, faith or ethnicity is declared free at the moment he/she sets foot in our land. The Constitution declared property rights to be sacrosanct and implied that all citizens, except for
7055-467: Was realigned from a Julian to a Gregorian starting on 16 February / 1 March 1917. The beginning of the year was reset to 1 January starting in 1918. The numbering of the years, though, remained uniquely Turkish until the Gregorian calendar was introduced for general purposes on 1 January 1926. In Russia , the Gregorian calendar was accepted after the October Revolution . On 24 January 1918,
7140-581: Was referred to by the Protestant estates as the "improved calendar" ( Verbesserte Kalender ) and considered to be distinct from the Gregorian. They finally adopted the Gregorian calculation of Easter in 1774. The remaining provinces of the Dutch Republic adopted the Gregorian calendar on 12 July 1700 (Gelderland), 12 December 1700 (Overijssel and Utrecht), 12 January 1701 (Friesland and Groningen) and 12 May 1701 (Drenthe). Sweden's transition to
7225-679: Was sympathetic to the October Revolution in Russia . Under Blagoev's leadership, the party applied to join the Communist International upon its founding in 1919. Upon joining the Comintern the party was reorganised as the Communist Party of Bulgaria . Georgi Dimitrov was a member of the party's Central Committee from its inception in 1919 until his death in 1949, also serving as Bulgaria's leader from 1946. In 1938
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