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30-494: The Teyler legacy to the city of Haarlem is known today as the Teylers Museum , but in 1788 it was composed of two societies: Teylers First or Theological Society (Dutch: Teylers Eerste of Godgeleerd Genootschap), intended for the study of religion and Teylers Second Society (Dutch: Teylers Tweede Genootschap ), which was to concern itself with physics, poetry, history, drawing and numismatics. The caretakers had to meet in

60-528: A collection of works from the Dutch Romantic School and the later Hague and Amsterdam Schools, including major works by Barend Cornelis Koekkoek , Andreas Schelfhout , Cornelis Springer , Hendrik Willem Mesdag , Jan Willem Pieneman , Anton Mauve , Jacob Maris , Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch , George Hendrik Breitner , Jozef Israëls , and Isaac Israëls . In 2007, the works of John James Audubon were displayed. The original mission of

90-482: A good basis to work from. Born and raised in the provincial city of Arnhem, he studied to become an architect with his uncle Husly. In 1768 he was entered into the stonemason guild of Amsterdam, where he lived and worked. He lived at the Amstel and later near Hoge Sluis (1784–1790). In 1791 he was forced to let his inventory be liquidated, because he couldn't fulfill his financial obligations any longer – finally he

120-640: Is curator of the art collections of the museum, Trienke van der Spek is curator of the scientific collections, including fossils, minerals and the library. The museum had 137,000 visitors in 2019. Teylers Museum is a member of the Museumvereniging (Museum Association). Leendert Viervant the Younger Leendert Viervant de Jonge (Leendert Viervant the Younger) ( Arnhem , 5 March 1752 – 4 July 1801, Amsterdam ),

150-728: The Mosasaurus . To demonstrate the principles of hydraulics, he commissioned models of mills and cranes. To disseminate natural and cultural knowledge, public experiments were conducted, such as those with van Marum's large electrostatic generator built in 1784 by John Cuthbertson in Amsterdam (the largest in the world). Lectures were given and scientific literature published. The collection of Teylers Museum holdings include works by Michelangelo , Raphael , Guercino , and Claude Lorrain . The museum contains graphic work of Rembrandt and Adriaen van Ostade . The Painting Galleries show

180-630: The Oval Room. He also works on other projects for this foundation, including the Teylers Hofje , all in Haarlem . In the Regents' Room of Teylers Hofje , there is a large group portrait by Wybrand Hendriks , showing the first five Directors of Teylers Stichting sitting around a table, together with their accountant Koenraad Hovens and their architect: Leendert Viervant. In 1787 he designed

210-633: The Spaarne (the current main entrance) was designed by the Viennese architect Christian Ulrich . It opened in 1885. The rooms behind it – the Instrument Room , and Fossil Room I and, behind it, Fossil Room II – were designed by the Haarlem architect A. van der Steur. At the same time, the library was extended and a 150-seat auditorium was added. Over a century later, in 1996, a large new wing

240-420: The centre displays a mineralogical collection from the 18th century and the showcases around hold 18th-century scientific instruments. The upper gallery, which was designed to let in the maximum amount of light for viewing purposes, has 12 built-in bookcases, largely containing period encyclopaedias and periodicals. Over the ensuing centuries, the museum was gradually extended. The arrangement of each new part

270-470: The complete series of accounts for all acquisitions, extensions, salaries and day-to-day purchases since 1778, the complete series of visitors' books since 1789, and the minutes of all meetings of the museum board since 1778. The museum is open six days a week; Tuesdays-Sundays 10:00-17:00. The museum is on the top 100 Dutch heritage sites list compiled by the Department for Conservation in 1990. It

300-505: The complicated lock system, there was clearly reason to fear theft of the items in the medal collection and in the early days the collection was only available by appointment. 52°22′49″N 4°38′21″E  /  52.38028°N 4.63917°E  / 52.38028; 4.63917 Teylers Museum Teylers Museum ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɛilərs myˈzeːjʏm] ) is an art , natural history , and science museum in Haarlem , Netherlands. Established in 1778, Teylers Museum

330-482: The design of an "art and book room" behind Teyler's residence. This neoclassical room, whose shape quickly led it to be called the Oval Room , was designed for research and study; here, scientific experiments would be conducted, public demonstrations held, and books, drawings, and prints viewed by the public. The Oval room was opened in 1784, with the scientist Martin van Marum as its first director. A showcase in

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360-569: The function of dividing the house in two, and the Teylers Stichting has used the various ground floor rooms for the location of the library and the meeting rooms for the directors, the religious society and the science society. The room at the back of the garden was used for member meetings. After the Oval Room was built, visitors could pass along the hallway through the meeting room to the Oval room. The old office used by Teyler himself became

390-409: The gentleman's room of the fundatiehuis weekly, and each society had five caretakers, so all of the gentlemen involved lived in Haarlem. From Teyler's death onwards, it was the home of the artist in residence , one of Teyler's many rules for the management of his estate. The first inhabitant after Pieter teyler died, was the local artist Vincent Jansz van der Vinne . The building was built in 1715 for

420-485: The house, as the plaster work in the hallway downstairs still shows the Van der Marck family coat of arms. Upstairs in a back room, Teyler kept office (comptoir) as a banker, and this office still has the original cabinet with his banker archive. Two years after his wife died Teyler drew up his will with the intention of preserving the house as a gift to the city, though he himself lived for another 22 years. The long hallway has

450-601: The lower part of the Big Electrostatic generator . In his works on the Teylers Museum, he based himself amongst others on work of the architects François de Neufforge , Michelangelo and Artus Quellinus . Viervant received some 9500 guilders , and was with that amount probably one of the best paid architects in the Netherlands at the time. His uncle Husly designed several of the ceiling decorations in

480-533: The middle for 180 guilders ). From 1772 to 1776 he worked on the town hall of Weesp . In 1779 he is asked by the Teylers Stichting to design the Oval Room , the Teylers astronomical observatory and a significant part of the interior of the Teylers Museum (works began in 1784). Here he could also use his family background of cabinet makers, designing amongst others the cabinets in the Oval Room and

510-440: The office of the curator, and two smaller adjacent rooms with doors contain 3 and 5 locks, one for the Teylers Stichting and one for the science society, which held Teyler's coin and medal collection, the most valuable part of the collection on Teyler's death. The room with 3 locks could only be opened when all three key owners were present, and the room with 5 locks could only be opened when 3 of 5 keyholders were present. Considering

540-419: The second society included research, as well as education. After the death of van Marum, Teylers continued to attract scientists of high standing as caretakers. The theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner Hendrik Lorentz was appointed Curator of Teylers Physics Cabinet in 1910, a position he held until his death in 1928. At the time of his appointment, Lorentz was at the height of his scientific career and

570-459: The study of religion and Teylers Second Society (Dutch: Teylers Tweede Genootschap ), which was to concern itself with physics, poetry, history, drawing, and numismatics. The executors of Teyler's will, the first directors of Teylers Stichting, decided to establish a centre for study and education. Under a single roof, it would house all manner of suitable artifacts, such as books, scientific instruments, drawings, fossils, and minerals. The concept

600-504: The wealthy commissioner of the Haarlem City Justice department, Hendrik Adriaan van der Marck. Van der Marck had a large library and when he died in 1740 Teyler bought the house in order to have more room for his growing library and collection of curiosities and stuffed birds. Teyler moved in with his wife, and they lived together there for 14 years until she died in 1754. The Teylers did not seem to take great pains to remodel

630-480: Was a Mennonite and follower of the Scottish Enlightenment . In his will, Pieter Teyler stipulated that his collection and part of his fortune should be used to establish a foundation for their promotion: Teylers Stichting . The Teyler legacy to the city of Haarlem was split into two societies: Teylers First or Theological Society (Dutch: Teylers Eerste of Godgeleerd Genootschap ), intended for

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660-661: Was a Dutch architect and cabinet builder. Viervant stemmed from a family of architects, cabinet builders and stonemasons. His father, Hendrik Viervant , was the son of cabinet builder and stonemason Leendert Viervant the Elder and married Catharina Maria Otten, the sister of the neoclassical architect Jacob Otten Husly . Also Hendrik's brother, Anthonie Viervant , was a cabinet maker and Anthonie's son Roelof Viervant designed garden pavillons and facades . All these family members have designed some buildings in 18th century Netherlands. Thanks to his family background, Viervant had

690-434: Was a central figure in the international community of physicists. Under his leadership, the Teylers Museum conducted scientific research in such diverse fields as optics, electromagnetism, radio waves, and atom physics. Lorentz was succeeded by the physicist and musician Adriaan Fokker . Physicist Wander Johannes de Haas served as conservator in the 1920s. The museum's entire archives have also survived intact. They include

720-647: Was able to come to arrangements with his creditors . According to his uncle Husly, Viervant couldn't handle money, and he lived a wild life. In 1798 he became one of the three directors at the City and Public Works Department of the City Amsterdam, after his predecessor had to leave because of his support of the Orange family (this was between the revolution and the inclusion in the French Empire). Viervant

750-518: Was added; this was the design of Hubert-Jan Henket. In 2002, an adjoining property was added to the museum to serve as the museum shop and multimedia room. Teylers Museum holdings include fossils (some are the first ever discovered of Archaeopteryx ), minerals, scientific instruments, medals, coins, and paintings. The museum's first director, Martinus van Marum contributed to and used the facilities at Teylers Museum to research static electricity. To study fossils, he purchased fossil material such as

780-570: Was based on a revolutionary ideal derived from the Enlightenment: that people could discover the world independently, without coercion by church or state. The example that guided the founders in establishing Teylers Museum was the Mouseion of classical antiquity: a "temple for the muses of the arts and sciences" that could also serve as a meeting place for scholars and the venue for various collections. In 1779, Leendert Viervant started on

810-469: Was consistent with the insights of the day; thereafter it remained almost wholly unchanged. In the 19th century, the museum was expanded with a gallery for fossils ('Gaanderij der Versteeningen', in 1888 changed to the Numismatic Cabinet) and two painting galleries: Teylers First Painting Gallery in 1838 and Paintings Gallery II in 1892. In 1878, to mark the first centenary, a new entrance on

840-418: Was founded as a centre for contemporary art and science. The historic centre of the museum is the neoclassical Oval Room (1784), which was built behind the house of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst (1702–1778), the so-called Fundatiehuis (Foundation House). Pieter Teyler was a wealthy cloth merchant and banker of Scottish descent, who bequeathed his fortune for the advancement of religion, art, and science. He

870-462: Was nominated on 12 December 2011 by the Dutch Cabinet for UNESCO World Heritage Site status, based on its long history as a public knowledge institute and its continued efforts to preserve public access to its collections. However, the nomination was withdrawn in 2013. Since 1 January 2022, Marc de Beyer is the museum director . The former director is Marjan Scharloo. Terry van Druten

900-528: Was the architect of several buildings throughout the Netherlands. He was taught by his uncle Husly, and had a for that period typical neoclassical style. Short after his entry in the stonemason guild of Amsterdam in 1768, he got an assignment by the churchmasters of the Oude Kerk ( Old Church ) for a ' Bardiglio Marmere schoosteenmantel met holle stijlen en ornament in het midden voor f 180 (a Bardiglio marmer chimney mantel with hollow styles and an ornament in

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