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96-536: The group was created by former Shelby County, Tennessee assistant district attorney Judson Phillips in 2009. It runs a social networking site for conservative activists and is best known for organizing the 2010 National Tea Party Convention. In February 2010, Tea Party Nation was among the twelve most influential groups in the Tea Party movement, according to the National Journal . In September 2010, it

192-690: A Shell gas station on Memorial Drive in Cambridge to fill up for the long drive to Times Square. While Dzhokhar went inside the Shell station to pay for food, Meng, fearing that the suspects would harm him during the drive, escaped from the Mercedes and ran across the street to a Mobil gas station, asking the clerk to call 911. His cell phone remained in the vehicle, allowing the police to focus their search on Watertown. Shortly after midnight on April 19, Watertown police officer Joseph Reynolds identified

288-480: A suspended monorail known as the Memphis Suspension Railway connecting the city to Mud Island . Shelby County is the site of Memphis International Airport , located 3 miles (5 km) south of the center of Memphis. Numbers refer to the map at right. 35°11′N 89°53′W  /  35.18°N 89.89°W  / 35.18; -89.89 Boston Marathon bombing This

384-428: A U.S. citizen, should be tried as an unlawful enemy combatant rather than as a criminal, potentially preventing him from obtaining legal counsel . Others said that doing so would be illegal, including prominent American legal scholar and lawyer Alan Dershowitz , and would jeopardize the prosecution. The government decided to try Dzhokhar in the federal criminal court system and not as an enemy combatant. Dzhokhar

480-608: A bright future ahead of you. Come home to Russia." He continued, "If they killed him, then all hell would break loose." On television, Dzhokhar's uncle from Montgomery Village, Maryland , pleaded with him to turn himself in. Also on April 19, the FBI, West New York Police Department, and Hudson County Sheriff's Department seized computer equipment from the apartment of the Tsarnaevs' sister in West New York, New Jersey. On

576-505: A call helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information. Google Person Finder activated their disaster service under Boston Marathon Explosions to log known information about missing people as a publicly viewable file. Due to the closure of several hotels near the blast zone, a number of visitors were left with nowhere to stay; many Boston-area residents opened their homes to them. The Federal Bureau of Investigation led

672-526: A ceasefire and regained control of the scene. The unauthorized shots created another dangerous crossfire situation". The confusion was caused in part by a lack of clearly identified and coordinated law enforcement command of the thousands of officers from surrounding communities who self-deployed into the Watertown area during the events. After Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was taken into custody, the FBI revealed that it had investigated Tamerlan Tsarnaev in 2011 after

768-572: A debate surrounding Miranda rights. On April 22, 2013, formal criminal charges were brought against Tsarnaev in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts during a bedside hearing while he was hospitalized. He was charged with use of a weapon of mass destruction and with malicious destruction of property resulting in death. Some of the charges carried potential sentences of life imprisonment or

864-404: A follower. Between March 4 and 30, prosecutors called more than 90 witnesses, including bombing survivors who described losing limbs in the attack, and the government rested its case on March 30. The defense rested as well on March 31, after calling four witnesses. Tsarnaev was found guilty on all 30 counts on April 8. The sentencing phase of the trial began on April 21, and a further verdict

960-412: A household in the county was $ 39,593, and the median income for a family was $ 47,386. Males had a median income of $ 36,932 versus $ 26,776 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 20,856. About 12.90% of families and 16.00% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.90% of those under age 18 and 13.30% of those age 65 or over. The first county government was established as

1056-487: A hurry to get him [Saudi national Abdul Rahman Ali Alharbi] out of the country?" Shelby County, Tennessee Shelby County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2020 census , the population was 929,744. It is the largest of the state's 95 counties , both in terms of population and geographic area. Its county seat is Memphis , a port on the Mississippi River and

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1152-552: A member of the House Intelligence Committee , said: "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all." Evidence found near the blast sites included bits of metal, nails, ball bearings, black nylon pieces from a backpack, remains of an electronic circuit board and wiring. A pressure cooker lid was found on

1248-609: A nearby rooftop. Both of the improvised explosive devices were pressure cooker bombs manufactured by the bombers. Authorities confirmed that the brothers used bomb-making instructions found in Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 's Inspire magazine. After the suspects were identified, The Boston Globe reported that Tamerlan purchased fireworks from a fireworks store in New Hampshire . Jeff Bauman

1344-638: A quarterly court in 1820. During Reconstruction following the American Civil War , Governor William G. Brownlow appointed a five-member commission to govern the county. When the state drafted a new constitution in 1870, it required county officials to be elected by the people or the Quarterly Court. By 1910 the Shelby County Quarterly Court had 50 members, making it inefficient; some prominent people complained it

1440-691: A semiautomatic handgun, and a machete. The two brothers then drove to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On April 18, 2013 at 10:25 p.m., the Tsarnaev brothers ambushed and shot Sean A. Collier of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department six times. The two brothers were attempting to steal Collier's Smith & Wesson M&P45 sidearm, which they could not free from his holster because of its security retention system. Collier, aged 27,

1536-412: A shooting spree on January 8, 2011. He described the shooter, Jared Lee Loughner , as "a leftist lunatic," apparently because one person who knew Loughner in high school said he was a liberal several years ago. Phillips instructed members of Tea Party Nation to blame liberals for the attempted assassination to defend the tea party movement's recent electoral gains: "The hard left is going to try and silence

1632-609: A specific area (which is unconstitutional). The Tennessee state legislature passed the law again, to include all of the state. All six suburbs voted again for the municipal districts and started classes on August 4, 2014. Public transportation is provided by the Memphis Area Transit Authority , also known as MATA for short. In addition to MATA buses , the MATA operates the MATA Trolley . The city also has

1728-491: Is a federal prison medical facility at a former Army base where he was held in solitary confinement at a segregated housing unit with 23-hour-per-day lockdown. On July 10, 2013, Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty to 30 charges in his first public court appearance, including a murder charge for MIT police officer Sean Collier. He was back in court for a status hearing on September 23, and his lawyers requested more time to prepare their defense. On October 2, Tsarnaev's attorneys asked

1824-567: Is an accepted version of this page The Boston Marathon bombing , sometimes referred to as simply the Boston bombing , was a domestic terrorist attack that took place during the annual Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013 . Brothers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev planted two homemade pressure cooker bombs that detonated near the finish line of the race 14 seconds and 210 yards (190 m) apart. Three people were killed and hundreds injured, including 17 who lost limbs. On April 18, 2013,

1920-815: Is legal due to exigent circumstances . Agencies on the scene were the FBI; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; Diplomatic Security Service; HSI-ICE; the National Guard ; the Boston, Cambridge, and Watertown Police departments; and the Massachusetts State Police . The show of force was the first major field test of the interagency task forces created in the wake of the September 11 attacks . The entire public transit network and most Boston taxi services were suspended, as

2016-586: Is unfit for Congress in part because Ellison is Muslim. The candidate Phillips endorsed was also controversial for her assertion that Islam "is not 'religion' recognizable under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution." Phillips is also known for the controversial comments he made after the attempted assassination of Representative Gabby Giffords (D-Ariz.), and the murders of a federal district judge and others, during

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2112-425: The 9mm casings and projectiles found at the scene to the suspects' 9mm Ruger P95 pistol. According to Watertown Police Chief Edward Deveau, the brothers had an "arsenal of guns". Tamerlan eventually ran out of ammunition and threw his empty Ruger pistol at Watertown PD Sergeant Jeffrey Pugliese, who subsequently tackled him with assistance from Sergeant MacLellan. Tamerlan's younger brother Dzhokhar then drove

2208-661: The Chickasaw as part of the Jackson Purchase of 1818 . Shelby County was established by European-American migrants in 1819 and named for Isaac Shelby , the former governor of Kentucky who had helped negotiate the land acquisition. From 1827 to 1868, the county seat was located in then called Raleigh, Tennessee (now part of Memphis), on the Wolf River . After the American Civil War, in recognition of

2304-474: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released images of two suspects in the bombing. The two suspects were later identified as the Tsarnaev brothers. Later on the evening of April 18, the Tsarnaev brothers killed an MIT policeman (Sean Collier) and proceeded to commit a carjacking. They engaged in a shootout with police in nearby Watertown during which two officers were severely injured (one of

2400-569: The Memphis city limits), where the river flows out of Tennessee and into Mississippi . As of the 2020 United States census , there were 929,744 people, 353,950 households, and 215,446 families residing in the county. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 927,644 people living in the county. 52.1% were Black or African American , 40.6% White , 2.3% Asian , 0.2% Native American , 3.3% of some other race and 1.4 of two or more races . 5.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). As of

2496-506: The Mississippi Delta , the county was developed as a center of cotton plantations in the antebellum era, and cotton continued as an important commodity crop well into the 20th century. The economy has become more diversified. This area along the Mississippi River valley was long occupied by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. In historic times, the Chickasaw controlled much of this area. They are believed to be descendants of

2592-639: The Shelby County School Board . This system was changed to comply with interpretation by the state that its constitution required that county officials, including school board members, should be elected by all residents of the county, and provisions of the state Education Improvement Act. In 1996 under what was known as Plan C, the Shelby County Commission established seven single-member special election districts for election of county school board members by all residents of

2688-615: The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit , which found that, during jury selection, the District Court did not properly screen prospective jurors on how much they had heard of the case. The First Circuit vacated the death sentence and three of the other thirty convictions against Tsarnaev, and ordered a new penalty phase jury trial with fresh jurors, leaving the decision of a new change of venue to

2784-506: The University of Memphis . Cordova is home to Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary . Germantown is home to a satellite campus of Union University . Shelby County Schools (SCS) is a school district serving all of Memphis and most unincorporated areas. Suburban school districts: Shelby County Schools was previously a school district that operated almost all public schools in non-Memphis areas of Shelby County, Tennessee, until

2880-499: The census of 2000, there were 897,472 people, 338,366 households, and 228,735 families living in the county. The population density was 1,189 inhabitants per square mile (459/km ). There were 362,954 housing units at an average density of 481 per square mile (186/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 48.56% Black , or African American , 47.34% White , 0.20% Native American , 1.64% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 1.20% from other races , and 1.02% from two or more races. 2.60% of

2976-607: The death penalty . Tsarnaev was judged to be awake, mentally competent, and lucid, and he responded to most questions by nodding. The judge asked him whether he was able to afford an attorney and he said no; he was represented by the Federal Public Defender 's office. On April 26, Dzhohkar Tsarnaev was moved from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to the Federal Medical Center at Fort Devens , about 40 miles (64 km) from Boston. FMC Devens

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3072-845: The $ 554,000 hotel bill and $ 194,300 in accrued interest, for the 1,637 reserved rooms. Tea Party Nation is listed as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center , and is the only Tea Party-related group to be noted as such. Tea Party Nation and especially its founder have generated criticism and controversy. For example, founder Judson Phillips claimed that voting rights should be restricted to property owners. In an October 2010 statement endorsing Lynne Torgerson (the Independence Party of Minnesota candidate for Minnesota's 5th congressional district ), Phillips made an anti-Islam critique against Representative Keith Ellison . Phillips' critique asserted that Ellison

3168-513: The District Court. Tsarnaev's remaining convictions still carried multiple life sentences, ensuring that he would remain in prison regardless of the results of the new trial. The United States government appealed this ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court , which granted certiorari in the case United States v. Tsarnaev in March 2021, which was argued before the Court on October 13, 2021. On March 4, 2022,

3264-682: The FSB, the Russian intelligence agency, had expressed concern about his potential radicalization. That investigation included an interview with Tamerlan Tsarnaev. At that time, the FBI found no evidence of terrorist involvement by Tamerlan Tsarnaev. On April 24, investigators reported that they had reconstructed the bombs, and believed that they had been triggered by remote controls used for toy cars. United States Senators Kelly Ayotte , Saxby Chambliss , Lindsey Graham , and John McCain , and Representative Peter T. King suggested that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev,

3360-628: The Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution, as their vote would be diluted. Although Memphis City had its own school system, the Memphis population made up 74.8% of the county's population in the 1990 census, so its representatives would dominate an elected county school board, with six of seven positions. Thus Memphis representatives would dominate a system intended to serve only county residents and students who lived outside

3456-674: The Honda left at the Watertown shootout scene identified the bombers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar "Jahar" Tsarnaev. The FBI released additional photos of the two during the Watertown incident. Early on April 19, investigators released the name and photo of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev to the public. In addition, Watertown residents received automated calls asking them to stay indoors. That same morning Governor Patrick asked residents of Watertown and adjacent cities and towns to " shelter in place ". Somerville residents also received automated calls instructing them to shelter in place. A 20-block area of Watertown

3552-573: The Mercedes and immediately opened fire on Officer Reynolds and Sergeant John MacLellan, who both returned fire and requested emergency assistance over their radios. A gun battle ensued between Tsarnaev, the aforementioned officers, and additional officers responding to the "shots fired" radio transmissions from Reynolds and MacLellan in the 100 block of Laurel St. An estimated 200 to 300 shots were fired. The suspects shot 56 times, detonated at least one pressure cooker bomb, and threw five "crude grenades", three of which exploded. The agencies involved in

3648-501: The Mercedes-Benz. Interrogation later revealed that the brothers "decided spontaneously" that they wanted to go to New York and bomb Times Square . The Tsarnaev brothers forced Meng to use his ATM cards to obtain $ 800 in cash (equivalent to $ 1,046 in 2023). They transferred objects to the Mercedes-Benz and one brother followed it in their Civic, for which an all-points bulletin was issued. The Tsarnaev brothers then drove to

3744-559: The Quarterly Court. These have been redistricted as needed based on decennial census population changes. In 1975, the people voted to ratify the Shelby County Restructure Act, creating a single elected executive, with the title of mayor, and an eleven-member legislative body (now called the County Commission). The commission has been expanded to thirteen members. The mayor is elected at-large and all

3840-516: The Tea Party Nation group e-mailed its members Sunday warning them they would be called upon to fight leftists in the days ahead and defend their movement." Writing on Forbes.com , Rick Ungar called the e-mail a "deeply disturbing memo." Ungar continued, "It was immediately clear that Mr. Phillips is far more concerned about his own political interests and power than he is with the health of Congresswoman Gabby Giffords or in experiencing even

3936-533: The Tea Party movement by blaming us for this," likening the expected blowback to the criticism heaped on "conservative talk radio, especially Rush Limbaugh" for the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995. One commentator, Garance Franke-Ruta , wrote about the group, "Showing no sign of tamping down on divisive political rhetoric in the wake of the shooting of 20 people that left six dead in Tucson Saturday,

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4032-476: The Unified System and formed their own municipal districts. Their residents had previously voted in favor of creating municipal school districts, and all voted to pass the related sales tax hike except for Millington, which narrowly rejected the sales tax hike by three votes. On November 27, 2012, U.S. district court Judge Samuel Mays voided this vote since the state law passed at the time applied only to

4128-468: The Wave 3 start at 10:40   a.m. The second bomb exploded at 2:49:57   p.m., 14 seconds later and one block farther west at 755 Boylston Street . The explosions took place nearly three hours after the winning runner crossed the finish line, but with more than 5,700 runners yet to finish. Windows on adjacent buildings were blown out, but there was no structural damage. Runners continued to cross

4224-614: The area as well as attractions in the city of Memphis. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 785 square miles (2,030 km ), of which 763 square miles (1,980 km ) is land and 22 square miles (57 km ) (2.8%) is water. It is the largest county in Tennessee by area. The lowest point in the state of Tennessee is located on the Mississippi River in Shelby County (just outside

4320-449: The bombing and painting Dzhokhar as "a soldier in a holy war against Americans " whose motive was "reaching paradise ". He called the brothers equal participants. Defense attorney Judy Clarke admitted that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev had placed the second bomb and was present at the murder of Sean Collier, the carjacking of Dun Meng, and the Watertown shootout, but she emphasized the influence that his older brother had on him, portraying him as

4416-465: The brothers in the Honda and the stolen Mercedes after overhearing radio traffic that the vehicle was "pinged" by Cambridge officers on Dexter Avenue in Watertown. Reynolds followed the vehicle while waiting for additional units to perform a high-risk traffic stop when the suspect vehicles both turned onto Laurel Street and stopped at the intersection of Laurel and Dexter. Tamerlan Tsarnaev stepped out of

4512-597: The car half a mile away and fled on foot. Badly wounded, Tamerlan Tsarnaev was taken into custody and died at 1:35   a.m. at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center . Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police Officer Richard H. Donohue Jr. was critically wounded in the leg in crossfire from other officers shooting at the fleeing vehicle, but survived. Reports revealed that his gunshot wound severed his femoral artery , and he nearly died. Fast-acting efforts by his fellow officers and medical personnel saved his life. Boston Police Department officer Dennis Simmonds

4608-570: The city. The US district court found in this case: As a result, the County Commissioners established seven single-member special election districts in the county outside the limits of Memphis, for the purpose of electing school board members to the Shelby County School Board. Shelby County's first elected mayor was Roy Nixon, who served from 1976 to 1978. The current Shelby County mayor is Lee Harris , who

4704-574: The convention, it was announced that a 501(c)(4) corporation and political action committee (PAC) called "Ensuring Liberty" would be formed to support candidates for office in the 2010 elections. A subsequent convention was booked for the following July, postponed until October, and ultimately cancelled. On July 18, 2011, the Venetian Casino Resort filed suit for unpaid bills allegedly totaling $ 642,144. A judge ordered Tea Party Nation founder Judson Phillips to pay $ 748,000, including

4800-431: The county commissioners are elected from 13 districts. The members of the county commission serve four-year terms. Other elected officials in Shelby County include the sheriff , the chief law enforcement officer; trustee, chief tax collector, and assessor, the chief property appraiser. The government has an annual budget of $ 1.1 billion and 6,000 employees. Until 1996, the Shelby County Commission appointed members to

4896-474: The county. This was challenged in the case known as Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County Tennessee v. Burson . Shelby County and its Board of Commissioners as plaintiffs, joined by mayors of the six suburban municipalities, filed suit in 1996 against Plan C, arguing that their rights were violated under the "one person, one vote" principle embodied in the Equal Protection Clause of

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4992-566: The court to lift the special administrative measures (SAMs) imposed by Attorney General Holder in August, saying that the measures had left Tsarnaev unduly isolated from communication with his family and lawyers, and that no evidence suggested that he posed a future threat. Jury selection began on January 5, 2015, and was completed on March 3, with a jury consisting of eight men and ten women (including six alternates). The trial began on March 4 with Assistant U.S. Attorney William Weinreb describing

5088-416: The domestic slave trade . Well before the American Civil War , the population of the county was majority black, most of whom were slaves. Memphis developed as a major cotton market, with many brokers. After the war and emancipation, many freedmen stayed on these lands by working as sharecroppers . Tennessee continued to have competitive politics after the freedmen were enfranchised. The eastern part of

5184-817: The eastern suburbs are some of the most Republican areas in Tennessee and the South. In 2020 , Joe Biden received 64.42% of the vote, which has been the highest share for a Democrat since 1944 . Shelby County is home to fourteen institutions of higher learning and satellite campuses of institutions whose main campus is in another county. Memphis is home to Baptist College of Health Sciences , Christian Brothers University , Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide (Memphis Campus), Harding School of Theology , LeMoyne–Owen College , Memphis College of Art , Memphis Theological Seminary , Rhodes College , Southern College of Optometry , Southwest Tennessee Community College , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , and

5280-526: The end of the 2012–2013 school year; almost all areas in Shelby County that were outside the city of Memphis were zoned to schools operated by SCS. Schools in Memphis were operated by Memphis City Schools . On June 30, 2013, Memphis city and Shelby County schools consolidated, forming a unified county school system (still called Shelby County Schools), this lasted one year. In 2014, the incorporated suburbs of Arlington, Bartlett, Collierville, Germantown, Lakeland, and Millington (other than Memphis) broke away from

5376-458: The evening of April 19, after the shelter-in-place order had been lifted, David Henneberry, a Watertown resident outside the search area, noticed that the tarpaulin was loose on his parked boat. Investigating, he saw a body lying inside the boat in a pool of blood. He contacted the authorities at 6:42 p.m., and they surrounded the boat. A police helicopter verified movement through a thermal imaging device. The figure inside started poking at

5472-572: The executive commission of the county was abolished. In 1964, the US Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr that legislative districts had to be apportioned by population under the Equal Protection Clause , a principle known as one man, one vote . This change was incorporated in Shelby County, which had been biased toward geographic representation. In 1965, there were nine districts established, of roughly equal population, to elect members to

5568-648: The fee to unspecified conservative causes. Several prominent conservative organizations refused to participate in the event due to its for-profit nature. The Tea Party Patriots advised members not to participate in December 2009. Erick Erickson of the conservative blog RedState described the convention as "scammy" on January 11. The American Liberty Alliance (ALA), initially a co-sponsor, withdrew its support on January 13. Later in January, Michele Bachmann and Marsha Blackburn cancelled their plans to speak. At

5664-515: The firing of weapons occurred during "the fog of war". A subsequent review by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts provided this more specific summary: "One officer fired his weapon without appropriate authority in response to perceived movement in the boat, and surrounding officers followed suit in a round of ' contagious fire ', assuming Tsarnaev was firing on them. Weapons continued to be fired for several seconds until on-scene supervisors ordered

5760-480: The growth of Memphis and its importance to the state economy, the seat was moved there. (Raleigh has now been absorbed within the city limits of Memphis.) The lowlands in the Mississippi Delta, closest to the Mississippi River, were developed before the war for large cotton plantations; their laborers were overwhelmingly enslaved African Americans, whom planters transported from the east or purchased in

5856-486: The important Mississippian culture , which established fortified and complex cities. The largest of these was Cahokia , which was active from about 950CE into the 15th century. It was developed on the east side of the Mississippi in present-day southern Illinois, roughly on the same latitude as present-day St. Louis, Missouri. The Shelby County area was part of the lands acquired by the United States government from

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5952-417: The injured officers, Dennis Simmonds, died a year later). Tamerlan was shot several times, and his brother Dzhokhar ran him over while escaping in the stolen car. Tamerlan died soon thereafter. An unprecedented search for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev ensued, with thousands of law enforcement officers searching a 20-block area of Watertown. Residents of Watertown and surrounding communities were asked to stay indoors, and

6048-719: The investigation, assisted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives , the Central Intelligence Agency , the National Counterterrorism Center , and the Drug Enforcement Administration . It was initially believed by some that North Korea was behind the attack. United States government officials stated that no intelligence reports suggested such an attack. Representative Peter King ,

6144-664: The legislature also imposed Jim Crow laws, including racial segregation of public facilities. Blacks were mostly closed out of the political system for more than six decades. In the 20th century, mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for farm workers at a time when industries and railroads in the North were recruiting workers. The Great Migration resulted in many African Americans moving from rural areas into Memphis or out of state to northern cities for work and social and political opportunities. After World War II, highways were constructed that led to development of much new housing on

6240-500: The line until 2:57   p.m. Rescue workers and medical personnel, on hand as usual for the marathon, gave aid as additional police, fire, and medical units were dispatched, including from surrounding cities as well as private ambulances from all over the state. The explosions killed three civilians and injured 264 others. Police, following emergency plans, diverted all remaining runners to Boston Common and Kenmore Square . The nearby Lenox Hotel and other buildings surrounding

6336-645: The nearly seven-minute shootout included the Watertown Police Department, Cambridge Police Department , Boston Police Department , Massachusetts State Police (MSP), Boston University Police Department, and MBTA Transit Police Department. Most of the officers involved were equipped by their respective agencies with either the Glock 22 or Glock 23 .40 S&W -caliber pistols. MSP troopers were armed with Smith & Wesson M&P45 pistols chambered in .45 ACP ; this led investigators to match

6432-408: The outskirts of Memphis where land was cheap. Suburbanization, with retail businesses following new residents, took place in the county, drawing population out of the city. With continued residential and suburban development, the population of the metropolitan area became majority white. Six towns in the county have become incorporated; other communities are unincorporated. Residents enjoy many parks in

6528-445: The pediment groups, Canon Law , Roman Law , Statutory Law , Civil Law and Criminal Law . Female allegorical figures can be found on the north facade cornice representing Integrity, Courage, Mercy, Temperance, Prudence and Learning. Flanking the main entrances are over-life-sized seated figures embodying Wisdom, Justice, Liberty, Authority, Peace and Prosperity. It is by far the state's largest courthouse. The courthouse

6624-443: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 338,366 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.80% were married couples living together, 20.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

6720-525: The possible presence of more bombs and many false reports were received. Simultaneously an electrical fire at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in nearby Dorchester was initially feared to be a bomb. The airspace over Boston was restricted, and departures halted from Boston's Logan International Airport . Some local transit service was halted as well. The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested that people trying to contact those in

6816-426: The scene were evacuated. Immediately after the bombing occurred and medically injured people were transported, the police closed a 15-block area around the blast site; this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene the next day. Boston police commissioner Edward F. Davis recommended that people stay off the streets. Dropped bags and packages, abandoned as their owners fled from the blasts, increased uncertainty as to

6912-401: The second most populous city in the state. The county was named for Governor Isaac Shelby (1750–1826) of Kentucky. It is one of only two remaining counties in Tennessee with a majority African American population, along with Haywood County . Shelby County is part of the Memphis, TN– MS – AR Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River . Located within

7008-575: The sentence was vacated by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit . A writ of certiorari was granted by the Supreme Court of the United States , which considered the questions of whether the lower court erred in vacating the death sentence. After hearing arguments as United States v. Tsarnaev , the Court upheld the death penalty, reversing the First Circuit Court's decision. The 117th annual Boston Marathon

7104-572: The state retained its Unionist leanings and supported the Republican Party. Blacks in the west also supported the Republican Party. Most conservative whites supported the Democrats. From 1877 to 1950, there were 20 lynchings of blacks by whites in Shelby County, the highest number of any county in the state. Most blacks were disenfranchised around the turn of the century when the state passed laws raising barriers to voter registration;

7200-414: The stolen SUV toward Tamerlan and the police, who unsuccessfully tried to drag Tamerlan out of the car's path and handcuff him; the car ran over Tamerlan and dragged him a short distance down the street, narrowly missing the Watertown officers. Watertown Sgt. MacLellan later stated that the younger brother had thought they were doing CPR on another officer and tried to run them over. Dzhokhar abandoned

7296-447: The suspects stayed to observe the chaos after the explosions, then walked away casually. The public sent authorities a deluge of photographs and videos. The FBI-released images depicted Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev. Hours after the FBI released photos of the two suspects in the bombing, Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev visited their family's apartment in Cambridge. There, they obtained five improvised explosive devices (IEDs), ammunition,

7392-403: The tarpaulin, prompting police to shoot at the boat. According to Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis and Watertown Police Chief Deveau, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was shooting at police from inside the boat, "exchanging fire for an hour". A subsequent report indicated that the firing lasted for a shorter time. Despite this, Tsarnaev was found to have no weapon when he was captured. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

7488-623: The tiniest measure of compassion for the families who lost loved ones in this awful attack." After the Boston Marathon bombing , Judson Phillips wrote, "There are two reasons why we will be hit again. First, we have a determined enemy who hates us. Second, we have a government that is not committed to protecting America." Philips also wrote an opinion piece which questioned "Why is the Regime [the Obama Administration] in such

7584-515: The transportation system and most businesses and public places closed. After a Watertown resident discovered Dzhokhar hiding in a boat in his backyard, Tsarnaev was shot and wounded by police before being taken into custody on the evening of April 19. During questioning, Dzhokhar said that he and his brother were motivated by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, that they were self- radicalized and unconnected to any outside terrorist groups, and that he

7680-486: The twenty-first century, the county has become reliably Democratic, due mainly to the influence of Memphis and being majority African American. Barack Obama twice won the county with more than 60 percent of the vote. In 2024 , the county was carried by the Democratic nominee Kamala Harris , who won 61.8 percent of the vote to Donald Trump 's 36.4 percent. Democratic strength is concentrated in Memphis itself, while

7776-446: The vicinity use text messaging instead of voice calls because of the crowded cell phone lines. Cell phone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite some media reports stating that cell service was shut down to prevent cell phones from being used as detonators. The American Red Cross helped concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties. The Boston Police Department also set up

7872-610: Was Amtrak service to and from Boston. Logan International Airport remained open under heightened security. Universities, schools, businesses, and other facilities were closed as thousands of law enforcement personnel participated in the door-to-door search in Watertown. Others followed up on other leads, including searching the house that the brothers shared in Cambridge, where seven improvised explosive devices were found. The brothers' father spoke from his home in Makhachkala, Dagestan , encouraging Dzhokhar to: "Give up. You have

7968-459: Was cordoned off , and residents were told not to leave their homes or answer the door as officers scoured the area in tactical gear. Helicopters circled the area and SWAT teams in armored vehicles moved through in formation, with officers going door to door and searching houses. These actions generated discussions about the legality of searching large numbers of houses without a search warrant , with The Atlantic stating that this kind of search

8064-452: Was "too democratic." E. H. Crump , the political boss of Memphis who was also influential in the county and state, gained a 1911 legislative act creating a three-member executive commission for the Shelby County Commission, which could override the court on all issues except setting property taxes, which was protected by the state constitution. He also had the number of districts reduced to nineteen and then seven. After Crump's death in 1954,

8160-400: Was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.18. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.20% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 21.00% from 45 to 64, and 10.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.80 males. The median income for

8256-403: Was arrested at 8:42   p.m. and taken to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , where he was listed in critical condition with gunshot wounds to the head, neck, legs, and hand. Initial reports that the neck wound represented a suicide attempt were contradicted by Tsarnaev's being found unarmed. The situation was chaotic, according to a police source quoted by The Washington Post , and

8352-509: Was elected in 2018 after having served as the minority leader of the Tennessee Senate . Notes : The Shelby County Courthouse, in Memphis on Adams Avenue between North 2nd and North 3rd streets, was designed by James Gamble Rogers and completed in 1909. This neoclassical pile features a long portico topped by a cornice supported by massive Ionic columns . The ambitious sculptural program designed by J. Massey Rhind includes

8448-759: Was featured in the movie The Silence of the Lambs as the place where Dr. Hannibal Lecter was held and escapes custody. The courthouse is included in the Adams Avenue Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places. During the mid-to-late twentieth century, Shelby County was competitive, voting for the Democratic candidate six times and the Republican candidate five times between 1952 and 1992. In

8544-424: Was following his brother's lead. He said they learned to build explosive devices from the online magazine of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula . He also said they had intended to travel to New York City to bomb Times Square . He was convicted of 30 charges, including use of a weapon of mass destruction and malicious destruction of property resulting in death. Two months later, he was sentenced to death, but

8640-583: Was immediately adjacent to one of the bombs and lost both legs; he wrote while in the hospital: "Bag, saw the guy, looked right at me". He later gave a detailed description of the suspects, which enabled images of them to be identified and circulated quickly. At 5:00   p.m. on April 18, three days after the bombing, the FBI released images of two suspects carrying backpacks, asking the public's help in identifying them. The FBI said that they were doing this in part to limit harm to people wrongly identified by news reports and on social media. As seen on video,

8736-431: Was injured by a hand grenade and died on April 10, 2014. Fifteen other officers were also injured. A later report by Harvard Kennedy School's Program on Crisis Leadership concluded that lack of coordination among police agencies had put the public at excessive risk during the shootout. Only one firearm, Tsarnaev's Ruger P95, was recovered at the scene. That firearm was found to have a defaced serial number. Records on

8832-617: Was one of the top five most influential organizations in the Tea Party movement, according to the Washington Post . Tea Party Nation organized the National Tea Party Convention held February 4–6, 2010. Around 600 activists attended the event, and Sarah Palin was featured as the keynote speaker. The event was criticized for its $ 549 ticket price, as well as the fact that Palin was apparently paid US$ 100,000 for her appearance. Palin has said she will donate

8928-421: Was questioned for 16 hours by investigators but stopped communicating with them on the night of April 22 after Judge Marianne Bowler read him a Miranda warning . Dzhokhar had not previously been given a Miranda warning, as federal law enforcement officials invoked the warning's public safety exception . This raised doubts whether his statements during this investigation would be admissible as evidence and led to

9024-399: Was reached on May 15 in which it was recommended that he be put to death. Tsarnaev was sentenced to death on June 24, after apologizing to the victims. In 2018, Tsarnaev's lawyers appealed on the grounds that a lower-court judge's refusal to move the case to another city not traumatized by the bombings deprived him of a fair trial. On July 30, 2020, Tsarnaev's death sentence was reversed by

9120-413: Was run on Patriots' Day , April 15, 2013. At 2:49   p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC ) , two bombs detonated about 210 yards (190 m) apart at the finish line on Boylston Street near Copley Square . The first exploded outside Marathon Sports at 671–673 Boylston Street at 2:49:43   p.m. At the time of the first explosion, the race clock at the finish line showed 04:09:43 —the elapsed time since

9216-574: Was seated in his police car near Building 32 on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus. He died shortly after the shooting. The brothers then carjacked a Mercedes-Benz M-Class SUV in the Allston-Brighton neighborhood of Boston. Tamerlan took the owner, Chinese national Dun "Danny" Meng ( Chinese : 孟盾 ), hostage and told him that he was responsible for the Boston bombing and for shooting Collier. Dzhokhar followed them in their green Honda Civic , later joining them in

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