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55-542: The following subsidiaries belong to TAG Tegernsee: The company emerged from what was originally called the Eisenbahn-Actiengesellschaft Schaftlach-Gmund (Schaftlach-Gmund Railway Company Ltd), founded in 1882, which built the 7.6 km long railway line between these villages. It is suspected that Ferdinand von Miller , amongst others, played a decisive role. From 1896 the line was extended by 4.8 km to Tegernsee; in 1902

110-622: A Königsberg philosopher who disputed the claims of pure secular reason . Hamann's influence led Herder to confess to his wife later in life that "I have too little reason and too much idiosyncrasy", yet Herder can justly claim to have founded a new school of German political thought. Although himself an unsociable person, Herder influenced his contemporaries greatly. One friend wrote to him in 1785, hailing his works as "inspired by God." A varied field of theorists were later to find inspiration in Herder's tantalizingly incomplete ideas. In 1764, now

165-452: A Lutheran pastor , Herder went to Riga to teach. It was during this period that he produced his first major works, which were literary criticism . In 1769 Herder traveled by ship to the French port of Nantes and continued on to Paris. This resulted in both an account of his travels as well as a shift of his own self-conception as an author. By 1770 Herder went to Strasbourg , where he met

220-519: A center of exhibition and sale for the society, and procured himself a home especially for the social intercourse of artists and art craftsmen. In 1840 he married Anna Pösl (1815–1890), daughter of the Chancellor of the regional government of Landshut , who bore him 14 children, including Ferdinand Freiherr von Miller , Oskar von Miller and Fritz von Miller . He died in Munich, and was buried in

275-478: A competitor, the business of the TAG AG became limited to the maintenance and rental of property and land that belonged to the railway (trackage, stations at Gmund and Tegernsee) as well as land no longer needed for railway operations and the cash assets. An investors group including investor, Rolf Hauschildt, and property manager, Lutz Ristow, initially took over a share and posts on the board of directors; later Ristow

330-468: A correspondence about Ossian and the Songs of Ancient Peoples) published in 1773 in a manifesto along with contributions by Goethe and Justus Möser . Herder wrote that "A poet is the creator of the nation around him, he gives them a world to see and has their souls in his hand to lead them to that world." To him such poetry had its greatest purity and power in nations before they became civilised, as shown in

385-418: A further attack on any attribution of the first words to the imitation of natural sounds, to the physiology of the vocal organs, or to social convention… [Herder argued] for the linguistic character of our cognition but also for the cognitive nature of human language. One could not think without language, as various Enlightenment thinkers argued, but at the same time one could not properly speak without perceiving

440-514: A great craze in Germany for that neglected topic. Herder was one of the first to argue that language contributes to shaping the frameworks and the patterns with which each linguistic community thinks and feels. For Herder, language is "the organ of thought." This has often been misinterpreted, however. Neither Herder nor the great philosopher of language, Wilhelm von Humboldt , argue that language (written or oral) determines thought. Rather, language

495-781: A personal split. His unpopular attacks on Kantian philosophy were another reason for his isolation in later years. In 1802 Herder was ennobled by the Elector-Prince of Bavaria , which added the prefix "von" to his last name. He died in Weimar in 1803 at age 59. Herder was influenced by his academic advisor Immanuel Kant , as well as seventeenth-century philosophers Spinoza and Leibniz . In turn, he influenced Hegel , Nietzsche , Goethe , Samuel Taylor Coleridge , John Stuart Mill , Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel , Wilhelm von Humboldt , Franz Boas , and Walter Rauschenbusch among others. In 1772, Herder published Treatise on

550-411: A price, that of true nationality. Herder's patriotism bordered at times upon national pantheism , demanding of territorial unity as "He is deserving of glory and gratitude who seeks to promote the unity of the territories of Germany through writings, manufacture, and institutions" and sounding an even deeper call: But now! Again I cry, my German brethren! But now! The remains of all genuine folk-thought

605-572: A synchronic issue rather than a diachronic one." And in this sense, when Humboldt argues that all thinking is thinking in language, he is perpetuating the Herderian tradition. Herder additionally advanced select notions of myriad "authentic" conceptions of Völk and the unity of the individual and natural law, which became fodder for his self-proclaimed twentieth-century disciples. Herderian ideas continue to influence thinkers, linguists and anthropologists, and they have often been considered central to

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660-481: Is an individual in the realm of minds: it senses in accordance with an individual formation, and thinks in accordance with the strength of its mental organs. ... My long allegory has succeeded if it achieves the representation of the mind of a human being as an individual phenomenon, as a rarity which deserves to occupy our eyes." Herder has been described as a proto-evolutionary thinker by some science historians, although this has been disputed by others. Concerning

715-531: Is but one and the same species of man throughout the whole earth". He also announced that "national glory is a deceiving seducer. When it reaches a certain height, it clasps the head with an iron band. The enclosed sees nothing in the mist but his own picture; he is susceptible to no foreign impressions." The passage of time was to demonstrate that while many Germans were to find influence in Herder's convictions and influence, fewer were to note his qualifying stipulations. Herder had emphasised that his conception of

770-616: Is rolling into the abyss of oblivion with a last and accelerated impetus. For the last century we have been ashamed of everything that concerns the fatherland. In his Ideas upon Philosophy and the History of Mankind he wrote: "Compare England with Germany: the English are Germans, and even in the latest times the Germans have led the way for the English in the greatest things." Herder, who hated absolutism and Prussian nationalism, but who

825-439: Is the harmonizing of primitive and derivative truth, of experience and intelligence, feeling and reasoning. Herder is the first in a long line of Germans preoccupied with this harmony. This search is itself the key to the understanding of many German theories of the time; however Herder understood and feared the extremes to which his folk-theory could tend, and so issued specific warnings. He argued that Jews in Germany should enjoy

880-882: The Alter Südfriedhof in the same city. Ferdinand von Miller's son Ferdinand (1842–1929) followed in his father's footsteps and is known in the United States for some of the figures on the Tyler Davidson Fountain in Cincinnati (at the unveiling on October 6, 1871, at which he was honored). He also created the statues of Shakespeare , Columbus and Alexander von Humboldt in Tower Grove Park of St. Louis and of J. Marion Sims in New York. Another son of Ferdinand von Miller

935-684: The Enlightenment , Sturm und Drang , and Weimar Classicism . He was a Romantic philosopher and poet who argued that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people ( das Volk ). He also stated that it was through folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation ( der Volksgeist ) was popularized. He is credited with establishing or advancing a number of important disciplines: hermeneutics , linguistics , anthropology , and "a secular philosophy of history." Born in Mohrungen (now Morąg , Poland) in

990-589: The Kingdom of Prussia , his parents were teacher Gottfried Herder (1706–1763) and his wife Anna Elizabeth Herder, nee Peltz (1717–1772) grew up in a poor household, educating himself from his father's Bible and songbook . In 1762, as a youth of 17, he enrolled at the University of Königsberg , about 60 miles (100 km) north of Mohrungen, where he became a student of Immanuel Kant . At the same time, Herder became an intellectual protégé of Johann Georg Hamann ,

1045-906: The Middle Ages and mused whether "the times of the Swabian emperors" did not "deserve to be set forth in their true light in accordance with the German mode of thought?". Herder equated the German with the Gothic and favored Dürer and everything Gothic . As with the sphere of art, he also proclaimed a national message within the sphere of language . He topped the line of German authors emanating from Martin Opitz , who had written his Aristarchus, sive de contemptu linguae Teutonicae in latin in 1617, urging Germans to glory in their hitherto despised language. Herder's extensive collections of folk-poetry began

1100-570: The Old Testament , the Edda , and Homer , and he tried to find such virtues in ancient German folk songs and Norse poetry and mythology . Herder – most pronouncedly after Georg Forster 's 1791 translation of the Sanskrit play Shakuntala – was influenced by the religious imagery of Hinduism and Indian literature, which he saw in a positive light, writing several essays on the topic and

1155-544: The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and Franz Boas' coalescence of comparative linguistics and historical particularism with a neo-Kantian/Herderian four-field approach to the study of all cultures, as well as, more recently, anthropological studies by Dell Hymes. Herder's focus upon language and cultural traditions as the ties that create a "nation" extended to include folklore , dance, music and art, and inspired Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in their collection of German folk tales. Arguably,

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1210-745: The double statue of Goethe and Schiller , for Weimar , and also the figures of Duke Eberhard in Stuttgart , of Berzelius in Stockholm and two Washington monuments, by Mills in Boston and Crawford in Richmond, Virginia . He also cast the gate of the Capitol in Washington. In 1874 Miller was elected to the directorate of the society of art industries. The Munich exhibition of art and crafts in 1876

1265-466: The tribal outlook writing that "the savage who loves himself, his wife and child with quiet joy and glows with limited activity of his tribe as for his own life is in my opinion a more real being than that cultivated shadow who is enraptured with the shadow of the whole species", isolated since "each nationality contains its centre of happiness within itself, as a bullet the centre of gravity". With no need for comparison since "every nation bears in itself

1320-544: The Origin of Language and went further in this promotion of language than his earlier anti-French injunction to "spew out the ugly slime of the Seine . Speak German, O You German". Herder now had established the foundations of comparative philology within the new currents of political outlook. Herder wrote an important essay on Shakespeare and Auszug aus einem Briefwechsel über Ossian und die Lieder alter Völker (Extract from

1375-598: The TAG 15. This former DB Class Köf III is used for snow plough runs and construction train work. The Tegernsee-Bahn Betriebsgesellschaft is a member of the Fare Association of Federal and Private Railways in Germany ( Tarifverband der Bundeseigenen und Nichtbundeseigenen Eisenbahnen in Deutschland or TBNE ). Following the cessation of its railway operation in 1998, as a result of the concession being given to

1430-475: The TAG's board. Its share was increased in 2002 to 94%. In June 2001, 44% of the public Bau-Verein zu Hamburg AG was bought; through a swap action and further purchase its share rose in early 2002 to 88%, but fell again afterwards to today's 69%. Likewise, in 2001 the non-public project development and preservation company AGP AG Munich was taken over. In November 2002, the Real Immobilien GmbH

1485-543: The academy in Munich and a preliminary engagement at the royal brass foundry, Miller traveled to Paris in 1833, where he learnt from Soyer and Blus the varied technique necessary for bronze working. He also visited England and the Netherlands , and after his return to Munich worked under his teacher and uncle Stiglmayr, whom the Crown Prince Ludwig had induced to devote himself to bronze foundry work and to

1540-403: The age, into the region, into the whole history, and feel one's way into everything". The historian should be the "regenerated contemporary" of the past, and history a science as "instrument of the most genuine patriotic spirit". Germans did not have a nation-state until the nineteenth century. Those who spoke Germanic languages lived in politically unconnected lands and groups. Herder was among

1595-459: The concept of nationality and of patriotism – "he that has lost his patriotic spirit has lost himself and the whole worlds about himself", whilst teaching that "in a certain sense every human perfection is national". Herder carried folk theory to an extreme by maintaining that "there is only one class in the state, the Volk , (not the rabble), and the king belongs to this class as well as

1650-479: The establishment of the Munich foundry as a state institution. Miller soon took his uncle's place, and upon the death of the latter was appointed inspector of the workshop. He soon won for it a worldwide reputation, and for himself a fortune and position of influence. The casting of the Bavaria statue (1844–55) especially brought him fame. Commissions came to him from far and near. He cast the statue of Herder , and

1705-632: The first German intellectuals to craft a foundation for German cultural unification and German national consciousness based mostly on German language and literature. While rationality was the prime value of Enlightenment philosophers, Herder's appeal to sentiment places him within German Romantiscm. He gave Germans new pride in their origins, modifying that dominance of regard allotted to Greek art ( Greek revival ) extolled among others by Johann Joachim Winckelmann and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing . He remarked that he would have wished to be born in

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1760-582: The first train ran to Tegernsee and the company was renamed the Eisenbahn-Actiengesellschaft Schaftlach-Gmund-Tegernsee or EAG (Schaftlach-Gmund-Tegernsee Railway Company Ltd). In 1942 the name was shortened to Tegernsee-Bahn Aktiengesellschaft (Tegernsee Railway Company Ltd) and, in 1983, running powers were transferred to the new subsidiary Tegernsee-Bahn Betriebsgesellschaft mbH or TBG (Tegernsee Railway Operating Company Ltd). The operation of

1815-411: The full rights and obligations of Germans, and that the non-Jews of the world owed a debt to Jews for centuries of abuse, and that this debt could be discharged only by actively assisting those Jews who wished to do so to regain political sovereignty in their ancient homeland of Israel. Herder refused to adhere to a rigid racial theory , writing that "notwithstanding the varieties of the human form, there

1870-556: The greatest inheritor of Herder's linguistic philosophy was Wilhelm von Humboldt. Humboldt's great contribution lay in developing Herder's idea that language is "the organ of thought" into his own belief that languages were specific worldviews ( Weltansichten ), as Jürgen Trabant argues in the Wilhelm von Humboldt lectures on the Rouen Ethnolinguistics Project website. Herder attached exceptional importance to

1925-502: The history of life on earth, Herder proposed naturalistic and metaphysical (religious) ideas that are difficult to distinguish and interpret. He was known for proposing a great chain of being . In his book From the Greeks to Darwin , Henry Fairfield Osborn wrote that "in a general way he upholds the doctrine of the transformation of the lower and higher forms of life, of a continuous transformation from lower to higher types, and of

1980-639: The ideal of a person's individuality. Although he had from an early period championed the individuality of cultures – for example, in his This Too a Philosophy of History for the Formation of Humanity (1774), he also championed the individuality of persons within a culture; for example, in his On Thomas Abbt 's Writings (1768) and On the Cognition and Sensation of the Human Soul (1778). In On Thomas Abbt's Writings , Herder stated that "a human soul

2035-693: The line has been rented out since 1998 for 15 years to the Bayerische Oberlandbahn (BOB), that previously had the state concession for the operation of railway services in the Bavarian Oberland . The BOB has continued to use the railway infrastructure of the Tegernsee-Bahn. The running and rolling stock was given up by the Tegernsee-Bahn in 1999 as they no longer needed it. Since 2002 the TBG has once again had its own locomotive,

2090-478: The nation encouraged democracy and the free self-expression of a people's identity. He proclaimed support for the French Revolution , a position which did not endear him to royalty. He also differed with Kant's philosophy for not placing reasoning within the context of language. Herder did not think that reason itself could be criticized, as it did not exist except as the process of reasoning. This process

2145-651: The peasant". Explanation that the Volk was not the rabble was a novel conception in this era, and with Herder can be seen the emergence of "the people" as the basis for the emergence of a classless but hierarchical national body. The nation, however, was individual and separate, distinguished, to Herder, by climate, education, foreign intercourse, tradition and heredity. Providence he praised for having "wonderfully separated nationalities not only by woods and mountains, seas and deserts, rivers and climates, but more particularly by languages, inclinations and characters". Herder praised

2200-479: The preface to the 1803 edition of Shakuntala . After becoming General Superintendent in 1776, Herder's philosophy shifted again towards classicism , and he produced works such as his unfinished Outline of a Philosophical History of Humanity , which largely originated the school of historical thought. Herder's philosophy was of a deeply subjective turn, stressing influence by physical and historical circumstance upon human development, stressing that "one must go into

2255-473: The real power in Europe, as the western Europeans would reject Christianity and rot away, while the eastern European nations would retain their religion and their idealism, and would this way become the power in Europe. More specifically, he praised Ukraine's "beautiful skies, blithe temperament, musical talent, bountiful soil, etc.… someday will awaken there a cultured nation whose influence will spread… throughout

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2310-588: The same. That is, for these conjectured ancestors, the sheep were the bleating, and vice-versa. Hence, prelinguistic thought did not figure largely in Herderian conjectural narratives. Herder even moved beyond his narrative of human origins to contend that if active reflection ( besonnenheit ) and language persisted in human consciousness, then human impulses to signify were immanent in the pasts, presents, and futures of humanity. Avi Lifschitz subsequently reframed Herder's "the organ of thought" quotation: "Herder's equation of word and idea, of language and cognition, prompted

2365-437: The standard of its perfection, totally independent of all comparison with that of others" for "do not nationalities differ in everything, in poetry, in appearance, in tastes, in usages, customs and languages? Must not religion which partakes of these also differ among the nationalities?" Following a trip to Ukraine , Herder wrote a prediction in his diary ( Journal meiner Reise im Jahre 1769 ) that Slavic nations would one day be

2420-407: The world in a uniquely human way… man would not be himself without language and active reflection, while language deserved its name only as a cognitive aspect of the entire human being." In response to criticism of these contentions, Herder resisted descriptions of his findings as "conjectural" pasts, casting his arguments for a dearth of cognition in humans and "the problem of the origin of language as

2475-575: The world." One of his related predictions was that the Hungarian nation would disappear and become assimilated by surrounding Slavic peoples; this prophecy caused considerable uproar in Hungary and is widely cited to this day. This question was further developed by Herder's lament that Martin Luther did not establish a national church, and his doubt whether Germany did not buy Christianity at too high

2530-449: The young Goethe . This event proved to be a key juncture in the history of German literature , as Goethe was inspired by Herder's literary criticism to develop his own style. This can be seen as the beginning of the Sturm und Drang movement. In 1771 Herder took a position as head pastor and court preacher at Bückeburg under William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe . By the mid-1770s, Goethe

2585-476: Was Oskar von Miller , who became an engineer and founder of the Deutsches Museum , Munich. Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried von Herder ( / ˈ h ɜːr d ər / HUR -dər ; German: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtfʁiːt ˈhɛʁdɐ] ; 25 August 1744 – 18 December 1803) was a German philosopher , theologian, pastor , poet, and literary critic . He is associated with

2640-622: Was a well-known author, and used his influence at the court of Weimar to secure Herder a position as General Superintendent. Herder moved there in 1776, where his outlook shifted again towards classicism . On 2 May 1773 Herder married Maria Karoline Flachsland (1750–1809) in Darmstadt . His son Gottfried (1774–1806) was born in Bückeburg . His second son August (1776–1838) was also born in Bückeburg. His third son Wilhelm Ludwig Ernst

2695-497: Was also the Vorstandsmandat for a short time. The firm was reorganised into a property and holding company, and was renamed in 1999 to TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligungs-AG . In January 2001, as part of its expansion into property, the TAG bought 75% of the non-public Berliner JUS AG, which had specialised in refurbishing and modernising property under historical protection orders. Its manager, Michael Haupt, joined

2750-479: Was born 1778. His fourth son Karl Emil Adelbert (1779–1857) was born in Weimar . In 1781 his daughter Luise (1781–1860) was born, also in Weimar. His fifth son Emil Ernst Gottfried (1783–1855). In 1790 his sixth son Rinaldo Gottfried was born. Towards the end of his career, Herder endorsed the French Revolution , which earned him the enmity of many of his colleagues. At the same time, he and Goethe experienced

2805-686: Was dependent on language. He also turned away from the Sturm und Drang movement to go back to the poems of Shakespeare and Homer . To promote his concept of the Volk , he published letters and collected folk songs. These latter were published in 1773 as Voices of the Peoples in Their Songs ( Stimmen der Völker in ihren Liedern ). The poets Achim von Arnim and Clemens von Brentano later used Stimmen der Völker as samples for The Boy's Magic Horn ( Des Knaben Wunderhorn ). Herder also fostered

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2860-544: Was founded, together with a subsidiary, Sachsen LB, into which properties in need of repair were bundled. TAG 7 , a historic locomotive from the Tegernsee-Bahn Ferdinand von Miller Ferdinand von Miller (18 October 1813 – 11 February 1887) was a German artisan who is noted for his furtherance of bronze founding . Von Miller was born in Fürstenfeldbruck . After a sojourn at

2915-467: Was imbued with the spirit of the whole German Volk , yet as a historical theorist turned away from the ideas of the eighteenth century. Seeking to reconcile his thought with this earlier age, Herder sought to harmonize his conception of sentiment with reasoning, whereby all knowledge is implicit in the soul; the most elementary stage is the sensuous and intuitive perception which by development can become self-conscious and rational. To Herder, this development

2970-468: Was reportedly largely Miller's work. He sought to win over artists to a general exhibition of German art in alliance with handicrafts. Drawing rooms, cabinets, boudoirs, sitting rooms and chapels were arranged so as to form in their grouping a whole by having art and trade appliances put into the place for which they were intended. Where this was not possible, a partition or a wall would be placed with picturesque effect in some adjoining room. Miller established

3025-465: Was the appropriation of the outer world within the human mind by means of distinguishing marks ( merkmale ). In positing his arguments, Herder reformulated an example from works by Moses Mendelssohn and Thomas Abbt . In his conjectural narrative of human origins, Herder argued that, although linguistic morphemes and logographs did not determine thought, the first humans perceived sheep and their bleating, or subjects and corresponding Merkmale , as one and

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