The Terek ( / ˈ t ɛr ɪ k / ) is a major river in the Northern Caucasus . It originates in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia and flows through North Caucasus region of Russia into the Caspian Sea . It rises near the juncture of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and the Khokh Range , to the southwest of Mount Kazbek , winding north in a white torrent between the town of Stepantsminda and the village of Gergeti toward the Russian region North Ossetia and the city of Vladikavkaz . It turns east to flow through Chechnya and Dagestan before dividing into two branches which empty into the Caspian Sea. Below the city of Kizlyar it forms a swampy river delta around 100 kilometres (62 mi) wide. The river is a key natural asset in the region, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power in its upper reaches.
31-739: The main cities on the Terek include Vladikavkaz , Mozdok , and Kizlyar . Several minor hydroelectric power stations dam the Terek: Dzau electrostation (in Vladikavkaz), Bekanskaya, and Pavlodolskaya. The construction of the Dariali Hydropower Plant with a planned installed capacity of 108 MW started in 2011 on the territory of Kazbegi municipality near the Russia–Georgia border. Leo Tolstoy 's novel The Cossacks
62-489: A number of facilities including a swimming pool, sauna, gym, personal dietitians, dorm rooms (which include a TV, comfortable beds, wardrobes, en-suite bathroom and showers), for 45 athletes and the main training hall, consisting of six mats- this academy is capable of hosting 250 wrestlers at one time. There have been many Olympic, World and European champions training at the academy: Soslan Ramonov, Zaurbek Sidakov, Artur Naifonov, Chermen Valiev, Khetag Tsabolov are just some of
93-1612: Is twinned with: Vladikavkaz experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb / Dwb ) with warm, wet summers and cold, drier winters (though very mild for Russia). "Сегодня мы празднуемъ 50-летіе города Владикавказа. Раньше, на томъ мѣстѣ, гдѣ нынѣ расположенъ г. Владикавказъ, существовалъ ингушскій аулъ Зауръ , но въ 1784 г., по распоряженію князя Потемкина, на мѣстѣ, гдѣ существовалъ этотъ аулъ, для охраненія Военно-Грузинской дороги, служившей единственнымъ удобнымъ путемъ для соединенія съ Закавказьемъ, была устроена крѣпость Владикавказъ, а въ 1785 г. по указу Императрицы Екатерины II, отъ 9 мая, въ крѣпости была выстроена первая православная церковь. Какъ только была устроена эта крѣпость, часть осетинской народности спустилась съ горъ и поселилась у стѣнъ этой крѣпости, подъ защитою мѣстныхъ войскъ. Образовавшійся осетинскій аулъ сталъ называться «Капкай», что въ переводѣ на русскій языкъ означаетъ «Горные ворота»." "...на том месте, где стояло селение Зауръ, была воздвигнута русскими сильная Владикавказская крепость... В некоторых печатных источниках говорится, что Владикавказская крепость была построена на месте осетинского селения Капъ-Кой. Это не так. Правый берег Терека принадлежал, какъ это мы видили ингушамъ и кистамъ; не могли осетины на чужой земле враждебных имъ племен иметь свой аулъ; наконец своим наименованіем Владикавказа Дзауджи-Кау, осетины подтверждаютъ это мненіе, т. к. Дзауагъ — есть имя собственное Зауръ, а Кау — значитъ селеніе; иначе — селеніе Заура." Terek (river) The Terek ( / ˈ t ɛr ɪ k / )
124-750: Is a major river in the Northern Caucasus . It originates in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia and flows through North Caucasus region of Russia into the Caspian Sea . It rises near the juncture of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and the Khokh Range , to the southwest of Mount Kazbek , winding north in a white torrent between the town of Stepantsminda and the village of Gergeti toward
155-727: Is one of the largest in the Russian-controlled Caucasus, along with Grozny , and was the capital of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , a Soviet Republic established after the annexation of the Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus . It existed from 1921 to 1924 and comprised most of the modern-day territories of Chechnya , North Ossetia and Kabardino-Balkaria . Vladikavkaz
186-678: Is set on the Terek and amongst its Cossacks . The Terek's source is in the Truso Gorge and drains most of the northeast Caucasus east into the Caspian just as its sister, the Kuban , drains the northwest Caucasus west into the Black Sea. Its major tributaries are the following. In the west a fan of rivers flows east and northeast into the Terek. These are the east-flowing Malka , the Baksan ,
217-404: Is set on the Terek and amongst its Cossacks . The Terek's source is in the Truso Gorge and drains most of the northeast Caucasus east into the Caspian just as its sister, the Kuban , drains the northwest Caucasus west into the Black Sea. Its major tributaries are the following. In the west a fan of rivers flows east and northeast into the Terek. These are the east-flowing Malka , the Baksan ,
248-907: The Chegem and the Cherek with its two branches. These three join the Malka just before it reaches the Terek. The Liashen, Urukh , Duradur and Duradon flow northeast, the Ardon and its tributary, the Fiagdon flow north and the Gizeldon drains the north slope of Mount Kazbek and reaches the Terek near the mouth of the Ardon. Then there is the north-flowing part of the Terek with the Darial Pass , with two eastern tributaries: Kistinka and Armkhi , flowing into
279-480: The Chegem and the Cherek with its two branches. These three join the Malka just before it reaches the Terek. The Liashen, Urukh , Duradur and Duradon flow northeast, the Ardon and its tributary, the Fiagdon flow north and the Gizeldon drains the north slope of Mount Kazbek and reaches the Terek near the mouth of the Ardon. Then there is the north-flowing part of the Terek with the Darial Pass , with two eastern tributaries: Kistinka and Armkhi , flowing into
310-415: The oil fields of Baku , Hitler's objective. The Germans penetrated the left bank of the Terek reaching Vladikavkaz suburbs and West Gizel, near the now built weather station. Vladikavkaz Vladikavkaz , formerly known as Ordzhonikidze ( Орджоники́дзе ) and also known as Dzaudzhikau ( Дзауджикау ), is the capital city of North Ossetia-Alania , Russia . It is located in the southeast of
341-653: The Caspian before it reaches the Terek. The capital of Khazaria , Samandar , may have stood on the banks of the river Terek. The Terek river was the site of the final defeat of the army of Hulagu , khan of the Ilkhanate , at the hands of the army of Berke , khan of the Golden Horde , led by Berke's nephew, Nogai Khan , in the first civil war of the Mongol Empire , the Berke–Hulagu war of 1262. Also on
SECTION 10
#1732802017424372-421: The Caspian before it reaches the Terek. The capital of Khazaria , Samandar , may have stood on the banks of the river Terek. The Terek river was the site of the final defeat of the army of Hulagu , khan of the Ilkhanate , at the hands of the army of Berke , khan of the Golden Horde , led by Berke's nephew, Nogai Khan , in the first civil war of the Mongol Empire , the Berke–Hulagu war of 1262. Also on
403-670: The Ossetians confirm this opinion, since Dzauag is a proper name Zaur, and Kau means a village; otherwise - the village of Zaur." In 1931, at the suggestion of the Ingush Regional Executive Committee, the city of Vladikavkaz was renamed Ordzhonikidze in honor of the Soviet political and military leader Sergo Ordzhonikidze , who during the Civil War established Soviet power in the region. In 1944, after
434-642: The Russian language, literally means "ruler of the Caucasus ". The Ossetian name Dzæwdžyqæw/Dzæwægighæw literally means " Dzaug's [ ru ] settlement". In 1911, Dmitry Rakovich [ ru ] wrote that the Ossetians prove that fortress was founded on the site of the Ingush village Zaur by the name of Vladikavkaz in the Ossetian language: "...by their name of Vladikavkaz Dzaudzhi-Kau,
465-493: The Russian region North Ossetia and the city of Vladikavkaz . It turns east to flow through Chechnya and Dagestan before dividing into two branches which empty into the Caspian Sea. Below the city of Kizlyar it forms a swampy river delta around 100 kilometres (62 mi) wide. The river is a key natural asset in the region, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power in its upper reaches. The main cities on
496-416: The Terek include Vladikavkaz , Mozdok , and Kizlyar . Several minor hydroelectric power stations dam the Terek: Dzau electrostation (in Vladikavkaz), Bekanskaya, and Pavlodolskaya. The construction of the Dariali Hydropower Plant with a planned installed capacity of 108 MW started in 2011 on the territory of Kazbegi municipality near the Russia–Georgia border. Leo Tolstoy 's novel The Cossacks
527-658: The city with Georgia to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to Rostov-on-Don and Baku in Azerbaijan . Vladikavkaz has become an important industrial centre for the region, with smelting, refining, chemicals and manufacturing industries. During the Russian Empire , the settlement was the administrative capital of the Vladikavkazsky Okrug of the Terek Oblast . The city
558-655: The city. The Georgian Military Road , which is a part of European route E117 , starts in Vladikavkaz and it connects the city with the South Caucasus . According to the 1917 publication of the Kavkazskiy kalendar , Vladikavkaz had 73,243 residents in 1916, the national composition was as follows: According to the results of the 2021 Census, the city population of Vladikavkaz was 311,338. The ethnic makeup of city's population was: FC Spartak Vladikavkaz
589-676: The deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, the city of Ordzhonikidze was renamed the city of Dzaudzhikau, and in 1954 again Ordzhonikidze. In 1990, the city acquired a double name, Vladikavkaz in Russian and Dzaudzhikau in Ossetian. The second part of the name Dzaudzhikau, i.e Kau (village), is a cognate of the word āguv (village) in the Eastern Iranian language of Khotanese Saka and the Avestan gava (district) The city
620-446: The mast structure to the guys. The city's primary religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity , which is followed by the majority of Ossetians, Russians and Georgians. The rest of the Ossetian population adheres to the next largest religion, Sunni Islam , and to Uatsdin , an Ossetian folk religion, which is followed by 29% of the population nationwide. The remainder follow Protestantism, Armenian Orthodoxy and other beliefs. Vladikavkaz
651-407: The mayor of Vladikavkaz was assassinated by an unidentified gunman. On 31 December 2008, his successor, Kazbek Pagiyev , was also assassinated by unidentified gunmen. Vladikavkaz is the capital of the republic. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with six rural localities, incorporated as Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with
SECTION 20
#1732802017424682-752: The mountainous region of Ingushetia . The great northwest bend of the Terek is cut off by the northeast-flowing Sunzha which catches most of the north-flowing rivers. These are the north-flowing upper Sunzha, the Assa , the Argun and Khukhulau. East of these are the Aksay and the Aktash which formerly dried up in the lowlands between the Sulak and the Terek. In the east the Sulak drains most of interior Dagestan and turns east to
713-444: The mountainous region of Ingushetia . The great northwest bend of the Terek is cut off by the northeast-flowing Sunzha which catches most of the north-flowing rivers. These are the north-flowing upper Sunzha, the Assa , the Argun and Khukhulau. East of these are the Aksay and the Aktash which formerly dried up in the lowlands between the Sulak and the Terek. In the east the Sulak drains most of interior Dagestan and turns east to
744-567: The republic at the foothills of the Caucasus , situated on the Terek River . The city's population was 295,830 as of the 2021 Census . As a result, Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus region. The city is an industrial and transportation centre . Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead , machinery , chemicals , clothing and food products . The name Vladikavkaz , derived from
775-687: The river Timur defeated Tokhtamysh in 1395. The Terek Cossack Host (1577–1832 and 1860– ) had its base in the Terek basin. During the Russian conquest of the Caucasus it was part of the North Caucasus Line . During World War II, German forces at the end of August 1942 reached the Terek near Mozdok – the farthest extent of German conquests in the Soviet Union – but aside from a small bridgehead were unable to forge further toward
806-446: The river Timur defeated Tokhtamysh in 1395. The Terek Cossack Host (1577–1832 and 1860– ) had its base in the Terek basin. During the Russian conquest of the Caucasus it was part of the North Caucasus Line . During World War II, German forces at the end of August 1942 reached the Terek near Mozdok – the farthest extent of German conquests in the Soviet Union – but aside from a small bridgehead were unable to forge further toward
837-480: The status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction is incorporated as Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug . The city is served by the bus network ( marshrutkas ). There are also tram (since 1904) and trolleybus (since 1977) networks, plus the main Vladikavkaz railway station . The city is served by Beslan Airport located about 9 kilometres from
868-532: The successful athletes in recent times to train and represent the academy. This academy is also home to the Freestyle team of North Ossetia, to ensure a high-level of preparation and coaching is given to aid success in international and domestic tournaments. The Mukhtarov Mosque , built in 1906, dominates the city. In Vladikavkaz, there is a guyed TV mast, 198 meters (650 ft) tall, built in 1961, which has six crossbars with gangways in two levels running from
899-650: Was an association football club based in Vladikavkaz, which won the Russian Premier League in 1995. The club folded in 2020, and was succeeded by FC Alania Vladikavkaz . Vladikavkaz is home to one of the World's most prestigious Freestyle Wrestling academies, opened in February 2016: The Wrestling Academy of Aslan Khadartsev - the biggest wrestling academy in the South of Russia. It provides access to
930-669: Was fought over in both the Russian Civil War and World War II . In February 1919, the anti-Communist Volunteer Army under General Anton Denikin seized the city, before being expelled by the Red Army in March 1920. In early November 1942, the forces of Nazi Germany tried unsuccessfully to seize the city but were repelled by the Soviet army. The Nazis left North Ossetia in January 1943. On 26 November 2008, Vitaly Karayev ,
961-488: Was founded in 1784 as a Russian fortress at the entrance to the Darial Gorge near to the Ingush village Zaur , which had the purpose of serving as an outpost for the routes of communication between Russia and Georgia. But according to many other sources, Vladikavkaz was founded on the site of the Ossetian village of Kapkai The Georgian Military Highway , crossing the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link