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57-407: In 1967, Terrace became the first eating club to switch to a nonselective lottery "sign-in" system for membership, as opposed to the selective bicker system. Terrace was soon followed by Campus , Colonial , and Cloister . Today five of the 11 remaining operating clubs do not use the bicker system. Terrace was one of the earliest clubs to accept Jewish, African-American, and female members, and today

114-514: A refectory . Modern-day British cathedrals and abbeys , notably in the Church of England , often use the phrase refectory to describe a cafeteria open to the public. Historically, the refectory was generally only used by monks and priests. For example, although the original 800-year-old refectory at Gloucester Cathedral (the stage setting for dining scenes in the Harry Potter movies)

171-420: A tray . In addition, there are often stations where customers order food, particularly items such as hamburgers or tacos which must be served hot and can be immediately prepared with little waiting. Alternatively, the patron is given a number and the item is brought to their table. For some food items and drinks, such as sodas, water, or the like, customers collect an empty container, pay at check-out, and fill

228-491: A "tray line" to the self-service format, introduced in 1898 at their 130 Broadway location. Childs did not change its format of sit-down dining, however. This was soon the standard design for most Childs Restaurants, and, ultimately, the dominant method for succeeding cafeterias. It has been conjectured that the 'cafeteria craze' started in May 1905, when Helen Mosher opened a downtown L.A. restaurant where people chose their food at

285-464: A chapter on the Princeton campus, which was soon followed by nine more organizations. Fraternities and secret societies were banned from Princeton soon after, with the exception of the university's political, literary, and debating societies. The banning of fraternities, which lasted until the 1980s, gave way for eating clubs to gradually take on the role of social organizations. A fire that damaged

342-414: A club via sign-in are immediately placed into a second-round sign-in where they will be placed into their top choice of club that has not filled. While not every student will get into their first choice of club, either through sign-in or bicker, every student seeking membership has been placed into one of the clubs, though sometimes after a significant waiting period. For upperclassmen who choose not to join

399-485: A food court could equally be styled as a type of restaurant as well, being more aligned with the public, rather than institutionalized, dining. Some institutions, especially schools, have food courts with stations offering different types of food served by the institution itself (self-operation) or a single contract management company, rather than leasing space to numerous businesses. Some monasteries , boarding schools , and older universities refer to their cafeteria as

456-972: A food service management company or lease space to independent businesses to operate food service facilities. The three largest food service management companies servicing institutions are Aramark , Compass Group , and Sodexo . At one time, upscale cafeteria-style restaurants dominated the culture of the Southern United States , and to a lesser extent the Midwest . There were numerous prominent chains of them: Bickford's , Morrison's Cafeteria , Piccadilly Cafeteria , S&W Cafeteria , Apple House, Luby's , K&W , Britling , Wyatt's Cafeteria, and Blue Boar among them. Currently, two Midwestern chains still exist, Sloppy Jo's Lunchroom and Manny's , which are both located in Illinois . There were also several smaller chains, usually located in and around

513-604: A long counter and carried their trays to their tables. California has a long history in the cafeteria format - notably the Boos Brothers Cafeterias, and the Clifton's and Schaber's. The earliest cafeterias in California were opened at least 12 years after Kruger's Cafeteria, and Childs already had many locations around the country. Horn & Hardart , an automat format chain (different from cafeterias),

570-450: A meal plan. The method of payment for college cafeterias is commonly in the form of a meal plan, whereby the patron pays a certain amount at the start of the semester and details of the plan are stored on a computer system. Student ID cards are then used to access the meal plan. Meal plans can vary widely in their details and are often not necessary to eat at a college cafeteria. Typically, the college tracks students' plan usage by counting

627-601: A new concept on campus at the time. Frazer was married in Terrace Club in 1982 with the officers acting as attendants and guitarist Stanley Jordan as the musical performer. Frazer later moved on to become chef at Campus Club at the short-lived DEC, and served as the Executive Catering Chef for the University itself. Much of the reputation Terrace enjoys today grew with the leadership and love of

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684-634: A patron's plate. In universities and colleges, some students pay for three meals a day by making a single large payment for the entire semester . As cafeterias require few employees, they are often found within a larger institution, catering to the employees or clientele of that institution. For example, schools , colleges and their residence halls , department stores , hospitals , museums , places of worship , amusement parks , military bases , prisons , factories , and office buildings often have cafeterias. Although some of such institutions self-operate their cafeterias, many outsource their cafeterias to

741-532: A process called "sign-ins". Students rank the five sign-in clubs, or wait-lists for those clubs, in their order of preference. If more students choose a club as their first choice than that club is able to accept as members, a random lottery is used to determine which students are accepted. The remaining students are then placed into their second choice club or wait list, provided it has not filled, in which case they would be placed into their third choice, and so on. Students who choose to bicker and are not admitted to

798-433: A rolling partition outside non-meal hours. Newer rooms which also act as the school's grand entrance hall for crowd control and are used for multiple purposes are often called the commons . Cafeterias serving university dormitories are sometimes called dining halls or dining commons . A food court is a type of cafeteria found in many shopping malls and airports featuring multiple food vendors or concessions. However,

855-402: A selective process called "bicker", involving an interview process, though the actual deliberations are secret. Five clubs— Charter Club , Cloister Inn , Colonial Club , Quadrangle Club , and Terrace Club —are non-selective "sign-in" clubs, with members chosen through a lottery process. While many upperclassmen (third- and fourth-year students) at Princeton take their meals at the eating clubs,

912-456: A single city. These institutions, except K&W, went into a decline in the 1960s with the rise of fast food and were largely finished off in the 1980s by the rise of all-you-can-eat buffets and other casual dining establishments. A few chains—particularly Luby's and Piccadilly Cafeterias (which took over the Morrison's chain in 1998)—continue to fill some of the gap left by the decline of

969-541: A temporary home for many eating clubs while their own buildings were under construction or being renovated. In 1906, the club relocated to the current Washington Road location, which was occupied by a house in the Colonial Revival style which had formerly belonged to faculty member John Grier Hibben . This building was remodeled by architect Frederick Stone in the 1920s to the current configuration with its Tudor -style exterior. A tea party at Terrace in 1936

1026-438: A university dining plan. By 2006, the difference was over $ 2,000 for most clubs, and this difference was not covered by university financial aid . In November 2006, Princeton administrators announced that they would increase upperclass financial aid packages by $ 2,000, in order to cover the difference in costs. However, as of December 2009, there was still a "significant discrepancy" between the university financial aid package and

1083-609: Is also referred to as a dining hall or lunchroom (in American English ). Cafeterias are different from coffeehouses , although the English term came from the Spanish term cafetería , which carries the same meaning. Instead of table service, there are food-serving counters/stalls or booths, either in a line or allowing arbitrary walking paths. Customers take the food that they desire as they walk along, placing it on

1140-454: Is considered on campus to be the most "alternative," politically liberal eating club. Since 2000, Terrace has been a popular choice for sophomores, filling all of its membership slots either during first round sign-in or by the end of the second round. Terrace's motto has been "Food=Love" since the mid-eighties. The food is served cafeteria-style and is famous for being more vegetarian-friendly than other clubs. Members of Terrace often refer to

1197-411: Is credited as the birthplace of the idea for the short-lived Veterans of Future Wars , an organization that satirized the acceleration of bonus payments to World War I veterans by demanding that its young members be similarly paid for the services they would render their country in conflicts to come. In 1967, Terrace became the first club to abandon the bicker process. Terrace Club and Colonial Club were

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1254-401: Is now mostly used as a choir practice area, the relatively modern 300-year-old extension, now used as a cafeteria by staff and public alike, is today referred to as the refectory. A cafeteria located within a movie or TV studio complex is often called a commissary . In American English, a college cafeteria is a cafeteria intended for college students. In British English, it is often called

1311-794: Is now the Bendheim Center for Finance ; Elm Club temporarily housed the Classics Department and European Cultural Studies Program and is the new home of the Carl A. Fields Center for Equality and Cultural Understanding. The donation of Campus Club to the university for use as a space for social events was completed in 2006. Cannon Club was briefly converted into Notestein Hall, an office for the University Writing Center, but has since been repurchased by alumni. The club

1368-448: The refectory . These cafeterias can be a part of a residence hall or in a separate building. Many of these colleges employ their students to work in the cafeteria. The number of meals served to students varies from school to school but is normally around 21 meals per week. Like normal cafeterias, a person will have a tray to select the food that they want, but (at some campuses) instead of paying money, pays beforehand by purchasing

1425-624: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society , which still exists today. Twenty eating clubs have existed since Ivy Club opened in 1879, though never more than 18 at any one time. At various points, many of the eating clubs fell on hard times and closed their doors or merged with others. The now-defunct eating clubs include Campus Club, Key and Seal Club, Arch Club, Gateway Club, Court Club, Arbor Inn, and Prospect Club. Dial, Elm, and Cannon Clubs merged to form DEC Club, which operated from 1990 to 1998. The most recent club to close

1482-580: The Princeton campus, named "The Well-Meaning Club" and "The Plain-Dealing Club", were founded in the 1760s. These clubs were banned due to dispensary-related reasons but later reemerged as the American Whig Society ("Whig") and the Cliosophic Society ("Clio"). Members of the two societies, which accounted for the majority of the student body, engaged in vigorous competition for recognition in sports as well as campus honors. During

1539-595: The Princeton campus, with the exception of Terrace Club which is just around the corner on Washington Road. This area is known to students colloquially as "The Street". Princeton's eating clubs are the primary setting in F. Scott Fitzgerald 's 1920 debut novel , This Side of Paradise , and the clubs appeared prominently in the 2004 novel The Rule of Four . Princeton undergraduates have their choice of eleven eating clubs. Six clubs— Cannon Club , Cap and Gown Club , Princeton Tower Club , The Ivy Club , Tiger Inn and University Cottage Club —choose their members through

1596-518: The Queer Radicals' Annual Drag Ball in October or November. As was then common practice for newly founded eating clubs, when Terrace Club began in 1904, the members dined in a building on Olden Street known as "The Incubator." This small structure had previously been the original home of Cap & Gown , and had been relocated to Olden Street from Cap and Gown's current location. It served as

1653-1123: The Street is the primary social venue for Princeton students, and each club will have music and parties. Some parties are open to all university students; these are colloquially called "PUID", in reference to the Princeton University ID card which must be shown to bouncers for entrance. Other parties are only open to members or students with special passes, which must be obtained from members. Friday nights are much more low-key at Princeton, and clubs that are open are usually open only to members. The notable exceptions are Charter Club and Colonial Club, which are open to all university students. Each club also has semiformal events and formal dinners and dances. Special events are held annually or biannually at every club. Some are specific to particular clubs; these are usually themed parties, such as "Boxers and Blazers" at Cap and Gown. Other events are common to all clubs. These events include: Lawnparties, when clubs hire bands to play outdoors on their lawns on

1710-549: The Sunday before the first full week of fall classes; Winter Formals, which take place on the last Saturday before winter break; Initiations, where new sophomore recruits are introduced to club life (usually in early February); and Houseparties, a three-day festival at the end of spring term during which each club has a Friday night formal, a Saturday night semiformal, a champagne brunch on Sunday morning, and another round of Lawnparties on Sunday afternoon. The earliest social clubs on

1767-475: The Supreme Court regarding Frank's lawsuit was denied. The eating clubs have attracted controversy, being viewed as outdated, elitist institutions ( Woodrow Wilson was, in part, driven from Princeton by alumni and administrators because he loathed the effect the clubs had on academic and social life). A major part of the controversy was the difference in cost between joining an eating club and buying

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1824-527: The U.S. population at the time) in six months, and it was because of Kruger's operation that the United States first heard the term and experienced the self-service dining format. Meanwhile, the chain of Childs Restaurants quickly grew from about 10 locations in New York City in 1890 to hundreds across the U.S. and Canada by 1920. Childs is credited with the innovation of adding trays and

1881-403: The United States often refer to cafeterias as lunchrooms , which also often serve school breakfast . Some school cafeterias in the U.S. and Canada have stages and movable seating that allow use as auditoriums. These rooms are known as cafetoriums or All Purpose Rooms. In some older facilities, a school's gymnasium is also often used as a cafeteria, with the kitchen facility being hidden behind

1938-587: The University Cottage Club. The actors Jimmy Stewart and David Duchovny were members of the Charter Club, and the actors Dean Cain and Brooke Shields were members of Cap and Gown. Eating clubs have sometimes closed and returned to active life. The Cloister Club was reopened in the 1970s and continues successfully. Some closed eating clubs have been purchased by the university for use as academic and administrative buildings. Dial Lodge

1995-463: The University's refectory in 1856 caused a major rise in student membership in eating clubs. Towards the end of the 19th century the eating clubs began to recruit new members as old ones left and also began to lease or buy permanent facilities. Ivy Club was the first of the permanent eating clubs. It was followed shortly after by University Cottage Club . This process was greatly aided by Moses Taylor Pyne , who provided financial assistance to most of

2052-808: The club as "Terrace F. Club" or "TFC". Other nicknames include "the mother," "mother Terrace," or "the womb," and members often refer to themselves as "Terrans". Weekend events at Terrace often include concerts of indie-scene bands from a variety of genres, including rock, hip-hop , salsa , jazz , and electronica . Many notable artists and groups, including former club member Stanley Jordan , Flipper , Phil Lesh , Yo La Tengo , GWAR , Blues Traveler (Summer '87), ESG , Bim Skala Bim , Elliott Smith , Run DMC , Modest Mouse , The Flaming Lips , Vampire Weekend , Frightened Rabbit , Girl Talk , GZA , Immortal Technique , Stereolab , Snarky Puppy , Action Bronson , Vulfpeck , and Tortoise have played at Terrace, some before they were nationally known. Terrace also hosts

2109-499: The club membership selects new members in closed sessions, the conduct of which varies from club to club. The clubs initiate their new members the following weekend. Additionally, some bicker clubs conduct a smaller "Fall Bicker" for third and fourth year students. Admission numbers during fall bicker are typically much lower than those of spring bicker, as fall bicker is a chance for clubs to adjust their membership numbers to account for members who may have dropped club membership during

2166-418: The club. Rouse served in this role until his death in 1994. Eating clubs at Princeton University#Bicker Princeton University eating clubs are private institutions resembling both dining halls and social houses , where the majority of Princeton undergraduate upperclassmen eat their meals. Each eating club occupies a large mansion on Prospect Avenue, one of the main roads that runs through

2223-436: The clubs are private institutions and are not officially affiliated with Princeton University . They have been subject to criticism for perceived elitism. The primary function of the eating clubs is to serve as dining halls for the majority of third- and fourth-year students. Unlike fraternities and sororities , to which the clubs are sometimes compared, all of the clubs admit both male and female members, and members (with

2280-421: The container after check-out. Free unlimited-second servings are often allowed under this system. For legal purposes (and the consumption patterns of customers), this system is rarely, if at all, used for alcoholic drinks in the United States. Customers are either charged a flat rate for admission (as in a buffet ) or pay at check-out for each item. Some self-service cafeterias charge by the weight of items on

2337-527: The cost of some clubs. (Cannon Dial Elm Club) 26 Prospect Ave The seven selective eating clubs pick new members in a process called "bicker". Bicker begins each spring semester during the week following intersession break, when interested sophomores come to the club they would like to join. The bicker process varies widely by club, ranging from staid interviews conducted by club members to raucous games designed to foster competition among potential inductees. Following two or three evenings of bicker activities,

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2394-452: The early days of Princeton University, the Whig and Clio societies dominated the social life and activities of the student body. The first eating clubs emerged under this context as small informal dining societies, in which Princeton students gathered to take meals at a common table and often disbanded when the founders graduated. In 1843 Beta Theta Pi , a national fraternity at the time, founded

2451-400: The eating clubs, there are alternative social/eating options. These include: Dining hall A cafeteria , sometimes called a canteen outside the U.S. and Canada , is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service, whether in a restaurant or within an institution such as a large office building or school ; a school dining location

2508-431: The eating clubs. An early member of Ivy Club , Pyne was heavily involved in the early development of Cap and Gown Club , Campus Club , Elm Club, Cloister Inn, and many others. The new clubs (along with other new extracurricular activities) gradually eroded the central role that debate societies Whig and Clio played in undergraduate student life. The decline in popularity and energy of the societies led to their merger into

2565-572: The exception of some of the undergraduate officers) do not live in the mansion. The eating clubs also provide many services for their members. Each club, in general, has a living room , library , computer cluster, billiard room , and tap room . Members frequently use club facilities for studying and socializing. Each club also has a large lawn, either in front of or behind the mansion, and on days with nice weather, one will often see Princeton students playing various sports, such as lawn bowling , on club lawns. On most Thursday and Saturday nights,

2622-489: The first clubs to accept women following the University's decision to admit women in 1969. In 2011, Terrace became the first club to offer membership to graduate students. From 1977 until 1984, many of the sign-in clubs faltered due to declining membership numbers, and the Graduate Board seriously considered closing Terrace in 1983. As an attempt to attract new members, chef Larry Frazer began cooking vegetarian meals,

2679-679: The government also encouraged schools to provide meals for students in need, thus resulting in the conception of cafeterias or cantine (in French). According to Abramson, before the creation of cafeterias, only some students could bring home-cooked meals and be properly fed in schools. As cafeterias in France became more popular, their use spread beyond schools and into the workforce. Thus, due to pressure from workers and eventually new labor laws, sizable businesses had to, at minimum, provide established eating areas for their workers. Support for this practice

2736-402: The late Barton R. Rouse, the creative force behind Terrace's parties and excellent food. Frazer had hired Rouse originally to serve as sous chef in 1984 and Rouse later succeeded Frazer as head chef for the club. Rouse was the originator of the club's "Food=Love" motto and brought an imaginative flair to his job, including the creation of themed meals and parties, which soon became a hallmark of

2793-490: The number of predefined meal servings, points, dollars, or buffet dinners. The plan may give the student a certain number of any of the above per week or semester and they may or may not roll over to the next week or semester. Many schools offer several different options for using their meal plans. The main cafeteria is usually where most of the meal plan is used but smaller cafeterias, cafés, restaurants, bars , or even fast food chains located on campus, on nearby streets, or in

2850-543: The older chains. Some of the smaller Midwestern chains, such as MCL Cafeterias centered in Indianapolis , are still in business. Perhaps the first self-service restaurant (not necessarily a cafeteria) in the U.S. was the Exchange Buffet in New York City , which opened September 4, 1885, and catered to an exclusively male clientele. Food was purchased at a counter and patrons ate standing up. This represents

2907-521: The predecessor of two formats: the cafeteria, described below, and the automat . During the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago , entrepreneur John Kruger built an American version of the smörgåsbords he had seen while traveling in Sweden. Emphasizing the simplicity and light fare, he called it the 'Cafeteria' - Spanish for 'coffee shop'. The exposition attracted over 27 million visitors (half

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2964-529: The spring semester or over the summer. Bicker clubs hold parties with restricted admission more frequently than their sign-in counterparts. Such events often require that non-members present a pass, a colored card bearing the club's insignia, in order to enter. Non-members may also gain entry to parties at some bicker clubs by entering with a member, or through membership in the Inter-Club Council. The four non-selective eating clubs pick new members in

3021-469: The surrounding town or city may accept meal plans. A college cafeteria system often has a virtual monopoly on the students due to an isolated location or a requirement that residence contracts include a full meal plan. There are many self-service bento shops in Taiwan . The store puts the dishes in the self-service area for the customers to pick them up by themselves. After the customers choose, they go to

3078-545: Was Campus Club, which shut down in 2005. The eating clubs and their members have figured prominently among Princeton alumni active in careers in literature and the performing arts. For example, the distinguished Pulitzer Prize writer Booth Tarkington , who transformed the Drama Association into the Princeton Triangle Club , was a prominent member of Ivy Club. F. Scott Fitzgerald was a member of

3135-425: Was also reinforced by the effects of World War II when the importance of national health and nutrition came under great attention. A cafeteria in a U.S. military installation is known as a chow hall , a mess hall , a galley , a mess deck , or, more formally, a dining facility , often abbreviated to DF , whereas in common British Armed Forces parlance, it is known as a cookhouse or mess . Students in

3192-406: Was reopened as Cannon Dial Elm Club in fall 2011. In 1979, undergraduate Sally Frank filed suit against then all-male clubs Ivy Club, Cottage Club, and Tiger Inn for sex discrimination. While Cottage chose to coeducate during the intervening years, Ivy Club and Tiger Inn were forced to become co-ed organizations in 1991, 22 years after Princeton first admitted female students, after their appeal to

3249-477: Was well established in the mid-Atlantic region before 1900. Between 1960 and 1981, the popularity of cafeterias was overcome by fast food restaurants and fast casual restaurant formats. Outside the United States, the development of cafeterias can be observed in France as early as 1881 with the passing of the Ferry Law . This law mandated that public school education be available to all children. Accordingly,

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