A passive electronically scanned array ( PESA ), also known as passive phased array , is an antenna in which the beam of radio waves can be electronically steered to point in different directions (that is, a phased array antenna), in which all the antenna elements are connected to a single transmitter (such as a magnetron , a klystron or a travelling wave tube ) and/or receiver . The largest use of phased arrays is in radars . Most phased array radars in the world are PESA . The civilian microwave landing system uses PESA transmit-only arrays.
8-632: Herakles is a passive electronically scanned array multi-function radar manufactured by Thales Group . It is installed on board the FREMM multipurpose frigates and the Formidable-class frigates of the Republic of Singapore Navy . It has a track capacity of 400 air and surface targets and is able to achieve automatic target detection, confirmation and track initiation in a single scan, while simultaneously providing mid-course guidance updates to
16-512: A narrow range of frequencies to high power levels. To scan a portion of the sky, a non-PESA radar antenna must be physically moved to point in different directions. In contrast, the beam of a PESA radar can rapidly be changed to point in a different direction, simply by electrically adjusting the phase differences between different elements of the passive electronically scanned array (PESA). In 1959, DARPA developed an experimental phased array radar called Electronically Steered Array Radar (ESAR). It
24-475: A short pulse of signal. The transmitter is then disconnected and the antenna is connected to a sensitive receiver which amplifies any echos from target objects. By measuring the time it takes for the signal to return, the radar receiver can determine the distance to the object. The receiver then sends the resulting output to a display of some sort . The transmitter elements were typically klystron tubes or magnetrons , which are suitable for amplifying or generating
32-414: A signal from a single source, split it into hundreds of paths, selectively delayed some of them, and sent them to individual antennas. The radio signals from the separate antennas overlapped in space, and the interference patterns between the individual signals was controlled to reinforce the signal in certain directions, and mute it in all others. The delays could be easily controlled electronically, allowing
40-504: The MBDA Aster missiles launched from the ship. This naval article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Passive electronically scanned array A PESA contrasts with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) antenna, which has a separate transmitter and/or receiver unit for each antenna element, all controlled by a computer; AESA is a more advanced, sophisticated versatile second-generation version of
48-483: The beam to be steered very quickly without moving the antenna. A PESA can scan a volume of space much quicker than a traditional mechanical system. Thanks to progress in electronics, PESAs added the ability to produce several active beams, allowing them to continue scanning the sky while at the same time focusing smaller beams on certain targets for tracking or guiding semi-active radar homing missiles. PESAs quickly became widespread on ships and large fixed emplacements in
56-418: The original PESA phased array technology. Hybrids of the two can also be found, consisting of subarrays that individually resemble PESAs, where each subarray has its own RF front end . Using a hybrid approach, the benefits of AESAs (e.g., multiple independent beams) can be realized at a lower cost compared to true AESAs. Pulsed radar systems work by connecting an antenna to a powerful radio transmitter to emit
64-547: Was a large two-dimensional phased array with beam steering controlled by computers instead of requiring mechanical motion of the antenna. The first module, a linear array, was completed in 1960. It formed the basis of the AN/FPS-85 . Starting in the 1960s, new solid-state devices capable of delaying the transmitter signal in a controlled way were introduced. That led to the first practical large-scale passive electronically scanned array, or simply phased array radar. PESAs took
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