95-537: Thamarassery , formerly known as Thazhmalachery, is one of the taluks and a major hill town in the Kozhikode district of Kerala , India , 30 km north-east of Kozhikode (Calicut) city and 29 km east of Koyilandy . The town lies on National highway 766 . From the words thaamara "lotus" and cheri "village". Thamarassery belonged to the Kingdom of Kottayam before India became independent. It has witnessed
190-461: A writ petition at the filing counter of the court or by addressing a letter to the Chief Justice of India , highlighting the question of public importance for redress. These are known as public interest litigations . India has a quasi-federal form of government, called "union" or "central" government, with elected officials at the union, state and local levels. At the national level,
285-729: A republic with a president as head of state, replacing the monarch and his viceregal representative, the Governor-General . It was based in large part on the Government of India Act 1935 , which was itself based on the uncodified constitution of the United Kingdom . It also drew notable inspirations from the constitutions of several other Commonwealth dominions and the French , Soviet , Japanese , German and American constitutions. India today prides itself in being
380-564: A constitutional crisis. Thus, in practice, the Council of Ministers cannot be dismissed as long as it holds the support of a majority in the Lok Sabha . The President is responsible for appointing many high officials in India. These high officials include the governors of the 28 states ; the chief justice ; other judges of the supreme court and high courts on the advice of other judges;
475-490: A member of one of the houses of the parliament. The cabinet is headed by the prime minister , and is advised by the cabinet secretary , who also acts as the head of the Indian Administrative Service and other civil services. Other members of the council are either union cabinet ministers, who are heads of various ministries; or ministers of state, who are junior members who report directly to one of
570-495: A new Lok Sabha . The most recent election was in 2024 . After an election, the president selects as prime minister the leader of the party or alliance most likely to command the confidence of the majority of the Lok Sabha . In the event that the prime minister is not a member of either House upon appointment, he/she is given six months to be elected to either House of Parliament . The first seeds of responsible government during British colonial rule in India were sown by
665-582: A population of more than 2 million, making it the second-largest in Kerala and the 19th largest in India. 67.15% of the total population of Kozhikode district live in urban areas (which includes Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, and Census Towns), according to the 2011 Census of India . The Multidimensional Poverty Index report prepared by NITI Aayog based on the National Family Health Survey 2015–16 declared Kozhikode as
760-561: A prominent position in the history of Malayalam journalism . The origin of journalism in the district can be traced back to 1880. The Kerala Pathrika is likely the earliest newspaper published from Kozhikode. Keralam , Kerala Sanchari and Bharath Vilasam are among the other newspapers that were published from Kozhikode in the nineteenth century. Kozhikode is the 'birthplace' of the widely circulated Malayalam dailies Mathrubhumi , Desabhimani and Madhyamam . Chandrika , Thejas , Siraj , Varthamanam and Calicut Times are
855-481: A quarter of the 543 elected members of parliament had been charged with crimes, including murder. Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved high-level government officials, including cabinet ministers and chief ministers, such as the 2010 Commonwealth Games scam ( ₹ 700 billion (equivalent to ₹ 1.6 trillion or US$ 19 billion in 2023)), the Adarsh Housing Society scam ,
950-513: A vote in the house where he is not a member. A secretary to the Government of India , a civil servant , generally an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, is the administrative head of the ministry or department, and is the principal adviser to the minister on all matters of policy and administration within the ministry/department. Secretaries to the Government of India rank 23rd on Indian order of precedence . Secretaries at
1045-541: A whole is responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can be dissolved only when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and can never be dissolved. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected for a six-year term. The executive of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of
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#17327725797701140-852: Is also available regularly. The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has a bus stand and depot at Thamarassery. All private buses operate from the New Bus Stand at Karadi nearby the KSRTC depot. The nearest airport, Calicut International Airport is 45 km away, while the Kozhikode Railway Station is 30km away. The KSRTC bus service provides good connections to Kasargod , Kannur , Palakkad , Thrissur , Kottayam and Trivandrum . Several interstate bus services pass through Thamarassery, providing connections to Bengaluru , Mysuru , Ooty , Devala , Gundalpet and other places. Many tourist attractions are located nearby
1235-527: Is considered the lower house . The parliament does not have complete control and sovereignty , as its laws are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Court . However, it does exercise some control over the executive . The members of the Council of Ministers , including the prime minister , are either chosen from parliament or elected there within six months of assuming office. The council as
1330-413: Is divided into four taluks : Kozhikode, Vatakara , Koyilandy and Thamarassery . By the 2011 census there are 12 block panchayats: Balusseri, Chelannur, Koduvally, Kozhikode, Kunnamangalam, Kunnummal, Melady, Panthalayani, Perambra, Thodannur, Thuneri and Vatakara. The Multidimensional Poverty Index report prepared by NITI Aayog based on the National Family Health Survey 2015–16 declared Kozhikode as
1425-895: Is known by its anglicised version, Calicut . The word calico , a fine variety of hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported from the port of Kozhikode, is thought to have been derived from Calicut . The term for tricolour cats called calico cats , is as well derived from the fabric name. Following the formation of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Malabar District was divided into three: Kannur district , Kozhikode district, and Palakkad district . At that time, Kozhikode district had two Revenue Divisions : Kozhikode Revenue Division and Malappuram Revenue Division. Kozhikode Revenue Division had four Taluks: Vatakara, Koyilandy, Kozhikode, and South Wayanad. Malappuram Division had two Taluks: Eranad and Tirur . On 16 June 1969, Malappuram Revenue Division of Kozhikode district excluding three Revenue villages, Feroke , Ramanattukara , and Kadalundi ,
1520-479: Is mainly composed of the executive , the legislature , and the judiciary , and powers are vested by the constitution in the prime minister , parliament , and the supreme court , respectively. The president of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces , while the elected prime minister acts as the head of the executive and is responsible for running
1615-565: Is often called the "queen of Indian track and field". She is nicknamed Payyoli Express. Currently she runs the Usha School of Athletics at Koyilandy in Kerala. T. Abdul Rahman , popularly known as Olympian Rahman, was an Indian Olympian footballer from Kozhikode. Rahman was a member of the Indian team that reached the semi-final in 1956 Melbourne Olympics. Other sports personalities include Jimmy George, Tom Joseph (Indian volleyball player and
1710-597: Is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat , the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the head of all civil services under the rules of business of the government. The cabinet secretary is generally the senior-most officer of the Indian Administrative Service . The cabinet secretary ranks 11th on the Indian order of precedence . The cabinet secretary
1805-403: Is the chief executive of the government and the leader of the majority party that holds a majority in the Lok Sabha. The prime minister leads the executive of the Government of India. The prime minister is the senior member of the cabinet in the executive government in a parliamentary system. The prime minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet; allocates posts to members within
1900-473: Is the district headquarters. The district is 67.15% urbanised. The Kozhikode Municipal Corporation has a corporation limit population of 609,224 and a metropolitan population of more than 2 million, making Kozhikode metropolitan area the second-largest in Kerala and the 19th largest in India. Kozhikode is classified as a Tier 2 city by the Government of India . NIT Calicut , NIEIT and IIM Kozhikode are institutions of national importance located in
1995-602: Is to act following aid and advice tendered by the Prime Minister, who leads the Council of Ministers as described in Article 74 of the Constitution . The council of ministers remains in power during the 'pleasure' of the president. However, in practice, the council of ministers must retain the support of the Lok Sabha. If a president were to dismiss the council of ministers on his or her initiative, it might trigger
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#17327725797702090-522: Is under the direct charge of the prime minister . Presently, the Cabinet Secretary of India is Rajiv Gauba , IAS . India's independent union judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries . The Supreme Court of India consists of the chief justice and 33 associate justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of
2185-490: Is well connected by road. NH 66 and NH 766 connects Calicut to rest of India. It has bus services to all parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and to important cities like Hyderabad and Mumbai . . New national highway is planned from Calicut to Bangalore. Government of India The Government of India ( ISO : Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India and colloquially known as
2280-716: The Central Government ) is the government of the Republic of India , located in South Asia , consisting of 36 states and union territories . The government is led by the prime minister (currently Narendra Modi since 26 May 2014) who exercises the most executive power and selects all the other ministers . The country has been governed by a NDA -led government (a coalition of the BJP and its allies) since 2014. The prime minister and their senior ministers belong to
2375-485: The Chief Justice of India and 33 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original , appellate and advisory jurisdictions . As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in
2470-451: The Chief Justice of India . The jury trials were abolished in India in the early 1960s, after the famous case KM Nanavati v. the State of Maharashtra , for reasons of being vulnerable to media and public pressure, as well as to being misled. Unlike its United States counterpart, the Indian justice system consists of a unitary system at both state and union levels. The judiciary consists of
2565-557: The Government of India Act 1919 , commonly known as the Montagu - Chelmsford reforms, which introduced a greatly expanded Imperial Legislative Council . It comprised a lower house, the Central Legislative Assembly of 145 members (of which 104 were elected and 41 nominated) and an upper house, the Council of State of 60 members (of which 34 were elected and 26 nominated). The next structural modification to
2660-471: The House in which they sit, they make statements in that House and take questions from fellow members of that House. For most senior ministers this is usually the directly elected Lok Sabha rather than the (mostly) indirectly elected Rajya Sabha . As is the case in most parliamentary systems, the government is dependent on Parliament to legislate, and general elections are held every five years to elect
2755-417: The Indian Armed Forces . The President of India can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person once, particularly in cases involving the punishment of death. The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the president are independent of the opinion of the prime minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most other cases, however, the president exercises his or her executive powers on
2850-638: The Indian Councils Act 1909 , commonly known as the Morley - Minto reforms. The Act introduced elections to the Imperial Legislative Council (then the unicameral Legislature for British India). Before that, governance was carried by an all-European Legislative Council and Viceroy's Executive Council . As such, no Indians were represented in government before 1909. India's current bicameral Parliament has its roots in
2945-420: The Kozhikode district . Thamarassery is an agricultural area, and a large portion of its population are farmers. Coconut and rubber are the major products. Kerala's first rubber estate, now in the hands of AV Thomas and Co., is located here. Thamarassery is well connected to its surrounding areas via roads(including NH766 ), which reach from it to Kozhikode , Kalpetta , Koyilandy , and Mukkam . Bus service
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3040-540: The Supreme Court of India , high courts at the state level, and district courts and Sessions Courts at the district level. The Supreme Court of India is situated in New Delhi , the capital region of India . The Supreme Court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India , the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review . Consisting of
3135-595: The Tali Shiva Temple . Both the terms kōyil and kōvil are used interchangeably. The name also got corrupted into Kolikod , or its Arab version Qāliqūṭ and later its anglicised version Calicut. The Arab merchants called it Qāliqūṭ ( IPA : qˠaːliqˠːuːtˤ). Chinese merchants called it Kūlifo . Tamils called it as Kallikottai. The city is officially named Kozhikode in Malayalam, and in English, it
3230-477: The Union Council of Ministers —its executive decision-making committee being the cabinet . The government, seated in New Delhi , has three primary branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament , a prime minister , and the Supreme Court respectively, with a president as head of state. The Council of Ministers are responsible to
3325-571: The attorney general ; the comptroller and auditor general ; the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners ; the chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission ; the officers of the All India Services ( IAS , IFoS and IPS ) and Central Civil Services in group 'A'; officers of the Indian Armed Forces ; and the ambassadors and high commissioners to other countries on
3420-505: The civil procedure code , the penal code , and the criminal procedure code . Similar to the Union government, individual state governments each consist of executive, legislative and judiciary branches. The legal system as applicable to the Union and individual state governments is based on the English common and Statutory Law . The full name of the country is the Republic of India . India and Bharat are equally official short names for
3515-473: The constitution empowers the union government to levy income tax , tax on capital transactions ( wealth tax , inheritance tax ), sales tax , service tax, customs and excise duties and the state governments to levy sales tax on intrastate sale of goods, taxon entertainment and professions , excise duties on manufacture of alcohol , stamp duties on transfer of property and collect land revenue (levy on land owned). The local governments are empowered by
3610-575: The head of government , the prime minister , is appointed by the president of India from the party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha . The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected for a term of five years by universal adult suffrage through a first-past-the-post voting system. Members of the Rajya Sabha , which represents the states , are elected by the members of State legislative assemblies by proportional representation , except for 12 members who are nominated by
3705-706: The sadya . The film history of Kozhikode dates back to 1950s. Some of the main production companies of Malayalam films like Grihalakshmi Productions, Kalpaka and Swargachitra are based in Kozhikode. The city was also an important hub of prominent filmmakers like I. V. Sasi and T. Damodaran . Kozhikode produced such notable actors as K. P. Ummer , Mammukoya , Balan K. Nair , Santha Devi and Kuthiravattam Pappu . The evergreen musician Baburaj , lyricist Gireesh Puthenchery , filmmakers Ranjith , V. M. Vinu , A. Vincent , Shajoon Kariyal and Anjali Menon , and cinematographer P. S. Nivas also hail from Kozhikode. Some of
3800-410: The 17th century, His Highness Sri Samoothiri Manavedan Maharaja authored the famous Krishnattam , a Manipravalam text describing the childhood of Lord Krishna in eight volumes. The district is famous for folk songs or ballads known as Vadakkan Pattukal . The most popular songs celebrate the exploits of Thacholi Othenan and Unniyarcha . An intellectual debate for Vedic scholars, where winners receive
3895-400: The 2011 census, Hindus constitute the majority of the population, followed by Muslims and Christians. The proportion in the 2011 census was 56.21% Hindus; 39.24% Muslims and 4.26% Christians. There is a small presence of Jains (601), Sikhs (297), and Buddhists (235). The district has a generally humid climate with a very hot season extending from March to May. The rainy season is during
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3990-462: The Government; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet and is responsible for bringing a proposal of legislation. The resignation or death of the prime minister dissolves the cabinet. The prime minister is appointed by the president to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive. The Union Council of Ministers includes the prime minister, Cabinet Ministers and Ministers of State (MoS). Each minister must be
4085-775: The Malabar Mahotsavam, the annual cultural fest of Kozhikode, every year since 1981 the Tyagaraja Aradhana Trust has been conducting a five-day music festival in honour of Tyagaraja . The festival is complete with the Uncchavritti, rendering of Divyanama kritis, Pancharatna Kritis , concerts by professional artistes and students of music from morning to late in the evening. Kozhikode has a tradition of Ghazal and Hindustani music appreciation. There are many Malayalam Ghazals. The late film director and play back singer M. S. Baburaj , from Kozhikode
4180-533: The PVS Film City (the first multiplex in Malabar region) and Crown Theatre. Kozhikode is known as the second Mecca of football (after Kolkata ). The other most popular games in Kozhikode are cricket , football, basketball, badminton and volleyball. The EMS Stadium hosted many international football matches of major football teams in the past. The city is home to many international footballers. One of
4275-484: The Republic of India in the Constitution, and both names appears on legal banknotes, in treaties and in legal cases. The terms "Union government", "central government" and " bhārat sarkār " are often used officially and unofficially to refer to the government of India. The term New Delhi is commonly used as a metonym for the Union government, as the seat of the central government is in New Delhi . The powers of
4370-761: The SUN Network. AIR FM radio station: Kozhikode – 103.6 MHz; AIR MW radio station: Kozhikode – 684 kHz. A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode since 3 July 1984, relaying programmes from Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram Doordarshan . Doordarshan has its broadcasting centre in Kozhikode located at Medical College. The Malayalam channels based on Kozhikode are the Shalom Television , Darshana TV and Media One TV . All major channels in Malayalam viz. Manorama News , Asianet , Surya TV , Kairali TV , Amrita TV , Jeevan TV , Indiavision and Jaihind have their studios and news bureaus in
4465-633: The South West Monsoon , which sets in the first week of June and extends up to September. The North East Monsoon extends from the second half of October through November. The average annual rainfall is 3,266 millimetres or 129 inches. The best weather is found in towards the end of the year, in December and January – the skies are clear, and the air is crisp. The highest temperature recorded was 39.4 °C or 102.9 °F in March 1975. The lowest
4560-428: The Union government. Parliament is bicameral in nature, with the Lok Sabha being the lower house , and the Rajya Sabha the upper house . The judiciary systematically contains an apex supreme court , 25 high courts , and hundreds of district courts , all subordinate to the supreme court. The basic civil and criminal laws governing the citizens of India are set down in major parliamentary legislation, such as
4655-493: The advice of the prime minister. Presently, the President of India is Droupadi Murmu . The vice president is the second-highest constitutional position in India after the president. The vice president represents the nation in the absence of the president and takes charge as acting president in the incident of resignation impeachment or removal of the president. The vice president also has the legislative function of acting as
4750-526: The budget will be presented on the 1st day of February. The budget has to be passed by the Lok Sabha before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's fiscal year . The Union budget is preceded by an economic survey which outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the outgoing financial year India's non-development revenue expenditure had increased nearly five-fold in 2003–04 since 1990–91 and more than tenfold from 1985 to 1986. Interest payments are
4845-431: The cabinet ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government; or ministers of state (independent charges), who do not report to a cabinet minister. As per article 88 of the constitution, every minister shall have the right to speak in, and to take part in the proceedings of, either house, any joint sitting of the houses, and any committee of parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not be entitled to
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#17327725797704940-422: The chairman of the Rajya Sabha . The vice president is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both the houses of the parliament following the system of proportional representation employing the single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by the election commission . The Prime Minister of India , as addressed in the Constitution of India ,
5035-431: The city has gained momentum and fast foods are very popular. The new generation is more inclined to Chinese,Arab and American food culture and a new trend of vegetarianism is getting popular because of health concerns. The city is also famous for Haluva called as Sweet Meat by Europeans due to the texture of the sweet. Kozhikode has a main road in the town named S. M. Street ( Mittayi Theruvu ). It derived this name from
5130-434: The city. Satellite television services are available through DD Direct+ , Dish TV , Sun Direct DTH and Tata Sky . Asianet Cable Vision popularly known as ACV telecasts daily city news. Spidernet is another local channel. Other local operators include KCL and Citinet. The Calicut Press Club came into existence in 1970. It is the nerve centre of all media activities, both print and electronic. Began with around 70 members in
5225-400: The country. As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the constitution by the president. It also may take cognisance of matters on its own (or 'suo moto'), without anyone drawing its attention to them. The law declared by the supreme court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments. Per Article 142 , it is
5320-697: The departure of the British and the great march of Tipu Sultan . Kottayam Kings who died fighting the British were given part of the land of Thamarassery in the days before freedom. The tomb of Payyampally Chandu , who was a warrior under the Kottayam Raja , is located at the Thamarassery Kotayil Sree Bhagavathi Temple. In 1936 the Thamarassery panchayat was formed, although a public health center had already been operating for some time prior. Attakoya Thangal
5415-419: The district a ranking of 115th in India (out of a total of 640 ). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 7.31%. Kozhikode has a sex ratio of 1097 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 95.24%. 67.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.45% and 0.49% of the population respectively. The Kozhikode metropolitan area has
5510-615: The district, in addition to the Kozhikode Municipal Corporation , which was established in 1962 as the second municipal corporation in Kerala after Trivandrum. The district's municipal towns are: There are three Lok Sabha constituency in Kozhikode: Vatakara , Kozhikode , and Wayanad . There are 13 Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Kozhikode district. Kozhikode is one of the largest economic hubs in Kerala. Being home to about 8% of
5605-580: The district. Kozhikode is the largest city in the erstwhile Malabar District and acted as its headquarters during British Raj . In antiquity and the medieval period, Kozhikode was dubbed the City of Spices for its role as the major trading point for Indian spices . It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins), which was also the largest kingdom in Kerala prior to
5700-471: The duty of the president to enforce the decrees of the supreme court. In addition, Article 32 of the constitution gives an extensive original jurisdiction to the supreme court concerning enforcing fundamental rights. It is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus , mandamus , prohibition , quo warranto and certiorari to enforce them. The supreme court has been conferred with power to direct
5795-672: The expansion of Travancore in the mid-18th century CE. The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for the Chinese, the Arabs , the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British . Kozhikode district is bordered by the districts of Kannur and Mahé ( Puducherry ) to the north, Wayanad to the east, and Malappuram to the south. The Arabian Sea lies to
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#17327725797705890-437: The famous was Olympian Abdurahman who played for the nation in many international games including Melbourne Olympic games. K.P. Sethu Madhavan, Premnath Phillips, Muhamad Najeeb, M Prasannan, Sudheer etc. are some international footballers from Kozhikode. The seven-a-side form of football is also very famous in the city. P. T. Usha , is a famous athlete who is regarded as one of the greatest athletes India has ever produced and
5985-662: The governance of British India , the Government of India Act 1935 (the longest Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom until surpassed by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 ) was aimed at devolution of powers by establishing provincial governments and the creation of civil service institutions . However, it was unpopular amongst Indians and is considered a failure as it did not give Indians self-rule and permanent dominion status (the form of government followed in Canada , Australia and New Zealand ) as
6080-416: The higher level are assisted by one or many additional secretaries , who are further assisted by joint secretaries . At the middle they are assisted by directors/deputy secretaries and under secretaries. At the lower level, there are section officers, assistant section officers, upper division clerks, lower division clerks and other secretarial staff. The Civil Services of India are the civil services and
6175-519: The legislature in India are exercised by the Parliament , a bicameral legislature consisting of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha . Of the two houses of parliament, the Rajya Sabha (or the 'Council of States') is considered to be the upper house and consists of members appointed by the president and elected by the state and territorial legislatures . The Lok Sabha (or the 'House of the People')
6270-506: The numerous Halwa stores which used to dot the street. The history of this Street dates back to time of the Zamorin of Calicut , when the ruler invited Gujarati sweetmeat makers to set up shop in the city and accommodated their shops just outside the palace walls. Another speciality is banana chips , which are made crisp and wafer-thin. Other popular dishes include seafood preparations (prawns, mussels, mackerel) . Vegetarian fare includes
6365-531: The other cine actors like Nellikode Bhaskaran , Augustine , Madhupal , Anoop Menon , Neeraj Madhav and Vijayan Malaparamba are from Kozhikode. The 1947 Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Hollywood thriller, Sinbad the Sailor , mentions Kozhikode. Kozhikode, the largest city in the Malabar region, also has a vital role in the entertainment segment. The city's first theatre, Calicut Crown, was opened as early as 1925. The city has more than 10 theatres and two multiplexes,
6460-440: The other dailies from Kozhikode. Along with those papers, noted dailies like Malayala Manorama , Kerala Kaumudi , Mangalam , Deepika , The Times of India , New Indian Express , The Hindu , Deccan chronicle , Janmabhumi , Veekshanam and evening dailies like Pradeepam , Rashtra deepika , News Kerala and Flash are published from Kozhikode. Nearly all news agencies, other major newspapers published from outside
6555-402: The people themselves. But the handful of ministers is not expected to deal personally with the various problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to enforce it. The cabinet secretary ( IAST : Maṃtrimaṇḍala Saciva ) is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary
6650-461: The permanent bureaucracy of India. The executive decisions are implemented by the Indian civil servants. In the parliamentary democracy of India, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people which are the ministers. These ministers are accountable to the legislatures which are also elected by the people based on universal adult suffrage . The ministers are indirectly responsible to
6745-419: The president. India is currently the largest democracy in the world, with around 900 million eligible voters, as of 2019. In India, power is divided between the governments of the union and the states of India , the latter being ruled by the chiefs ministers . The state legislature is bicameral in five states and unicameral in the rest. The lower house is elected with a five-year term, while in
6840-469: The recommendations of the Council of Ministers, among others. The President, as the head of state , also receives the credentials of ambassadors from other countries, while the prime minister , as head of government , receives credentials of high commissioners from other members of the Commonwealth , in line with historical tradition. The President is the de jure commander-in-chief of
6935-592: The roll, this Press Club, over the years, became a prestigious and alert media centre in the state with a present membership of over 280. Kozhikode is served by Calicut International Airport ( IATA : CCJ , ICAO : VOCL ) located at Karipur in Malappuram District , about 28 kilometres (17 miles) from Kozhikode city. The airport started operation in April 1988. It has two terminals, one for domestic flights and second for international flights. Kozhikode
7030-494: The single largest item of expenditure and accounted for more than 40% of the total non-development expenditure in the 2003–04 budget. Defence expenditure increased fourfold during the same period and has been increasing to defend from a difficult neighbourhood and external terror threats. In 2020–21, India's defence budget stood at ₹ 4.71 trillion (equivalent to ₹ 5.5 trillion or US$ 66 billion in 2023). In 2009, several ministers are accused of corruption and nearly
7125-756: The state are represented in Kozhikode. The Times of India , the largest-circulating English broadsheet newspaper in the world, started circulation in Kozhikode on 1 February 2012. A large number of weeklies, fortnightlies and monthlies are also published there (such as Information Technology Lokam , a computer magazine in Malayalam ). Newspapers in other regional languages like English, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are available. The Kozhikode radio station of All India Radio has two transmitters: Kozhikode AM (100 kilowatt) and Kozhikode FM [Vividh Bharathi] (10 kilowatt). Private FM radio stations: Radio Mango 91.9 operated by Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. and Red FM 93.5 of
7220-469: The state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the separation of powers . The executive power is vested mainly in the President of India , as per Article 53(1) of the constitution. The president has all constitutional powers and exercises them directly or through subordinate officers as per the aforesaid Article 53(1). The president
7315-405: The state government to levy property tax and charge users for public utilities like water supply , sewage etc. More than half of the revenues of the union and state governments come from taxes, of which 3/4 come from direct taxes . More than a quarter of the union government's tax revenues are shared with the state governments. The tax reforms, initiated in 1991, have sought to rationalise
7410-484: The state's population, the district contributes more than 12% to the state's income. Nedungadi Bank, the first and oldest bank in the modern state of Kerala , was established by Appu Nedungadi at Kozhikode in the year 1899. Cyberpark at Kozhikode is one of IT hubs in Kerala . The economy of Kozhikode significantly depends upon its Service sector. In the field of Malayalam language and literature, Kozhikode district has made many significant contributions. During
7505-456: The tax structure and increase compliance by taking steps in the following directions: The non-tax revenues of the central government come from fiscal services, interest receipts, public sector dividends, etc., while the non-tax revenues of the States are grants from the central government, interest receipts, dividends and income from general, economic and social services. Inter-state share in
7600-503: The third-least poor district in India , only after to Kottayam and Ernakulam , with a negligible multidimensional poverty rate of 0.26%. Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 99.05% of the population. Small minorities speak Tamil and Hindi , mainly in urban areas. The centuries of trade across the Indian Ocean has given Kozhikode a cosmopolitan population. Religions in Kozhikode district (2011) According to
7695-406: The third-least poor district in India , only after to Kottayam and Ernakulam , with a negligible multidimensional poverty rate of 0.26%. The exact origin of the name Kozhikode is uncertain. According to many sources, the name Kozhikode is derived from Koyil-kota (fort), meaning fortified palace . Koil or Koyil or Kovil is the Malayalam / Tamil term for a Hindu temple , referring to
7790-412: The title of Pattathanam , takes place at Thali temple during the month of Thulam . Kozhikode also has a strong associations with ghazals and football . Many prominent writers of Malayalam literature hail from Kozhikode district. Among them are S. K. Pottekkatt , Thikkodiyan , Punathil Kunjabdulla , U. A. Khader , Akbar Kakkattil , N. N. Kakkad , P. Valsala and M. N. Karassery. S. K. Pottekkatt
7885-539: The town are The position of the Thamarassery Taluk in Kozhikode district is given below: There are 20 villages in Thamarassery Taluk : Kozhikode district ]] Kozhikode ( pronounced [koːɻikːoːɖɨ̆] ), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala , along its southwestern Malabar Coast . The city of Kozhikode , also known as Calicut,
7980-480: The transfer of any civil or criminal case from one state high court to another state high court, or from a Court subordinate to another state high court and the supreme court. Although the proceedings in the supreme court arise out of the judgment or orders made by the subordinate courts, of late the supreme court has started entertaining matters in which the interest of the public at large is involved. This may be done by any individual or group of persons either by filing
8075-554: The union tax pool is decided by the recommendations of the Finance Commission to the president. Total tax receipts of Centre and State amount to approximately 18% of national GDP. This compares to a figure of 37–45% in the OECD. The Finance minister of India usually presents the annual union budget in the parliament on the last working day of February. However, for the F.Y. 2017–18, this tradition had been changed. Now
8170-411: The upper house one-third of the members in the house gets elected every two years with six-year terms. Local governments function at the basic level. It is the third level of government apart from union and state governments. It consists of panchayats in rural areas and municipalities in urban areas. They are elected directly or indirectly by the people. India has a three-tier tax structure, wherein
8265-495: The west and the Western Ghats mountain range stretches towards the east. Vavul Mala , a 2,339 m high peak situated on the trijunction of Kozhikode, Malappuram , and Wayanad districts, is the highest point of elevation in the district. It lies between latitudes 11° 08'N and 11° 50'N and longitudes 75° 30'E and 76° 8'E. The Thamarassery Churam connects the city of Kozhikode with the plateau of Wayanad . The district
8360-484: The world's largest democracy , and the 4th largest economy in the world. Even though much remains to be done, especially in regard to eradicating poverty and securing effective structures of governance, India's achievements since independence in sustaining freedom and democracy have been singular among the world's new nations. The Government of India is modelled after the Westminster system . The Union government
8455-512: Was 14 °C or 57.2 °F recorded on 26 December 1975. The headquarters of the district administration is Kozhikode Civil Station in West Hill. The district administration is headed by the District collector . He is assisted by deputy collectors with responsibility for general matters, land acquisition, revenue recovery, land reforms, and elections. There are seven municipal towns in
8550-611: Was captain of Indian volleyball team) and Premnath Phillips. Jaseel P. Ismail , V. Diju , Aparna Balan & Arun Vishnu are international badminton players from the city. The Sports & Education Promotion Trust (SEPT) was established to promote sports development in India with focus on football. Started in 2004 and based in Kozhikode, the trust has set up 52 centres called "football nurseries" spread across thirteen districts in Kerala. Since 2010, Calicut Mini Marathon runs have been organised by IIM Kozhikode and witness participation of around 7000 people every year. Kozhikode occupies
8645-718: Was influenced by Ghazal and Hindustani. There are DJ parties and events that are held in hotels and malls and pubs and IT parks in Calicut. Ragam and Thatva fest in NITC and different fests in IIM gets participation of international bands. Kozhikode offers a variety of South Indian , North Indian , European , Chinese , Arab , Gujarati and Jain food. The culinary culture of the city has been moulded by Portuguese, Dutch, French, British, Arab and other Indian influence. It offers both veg and non-veg dishes in great variety. The mall culture in
8740-487: Was perhaps the most celebrated writer from Kozhikode whose award-winning work Oru Theruvinte Katha is set in S. M. Street . Several leading Malayalam publishing houses are based in the city, including Poorna, Mathrubhumi , Mulberry , Lipi and Olive. Several libraries are located in and around the city. The Kozhikode Public Library and Research Centre at Mananchira was constructed in 1996. In 2023, Kozhikode became India's first UNESCO City of Literature. In addition to
8835-640: Was previously promised. Between midnight on 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950 , India was an independent, self-governing dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations , a constitutional monarchy with a Prime Minister and a Governor-General as the viceregal representative of the head of state, George VI . Its unicameral legislature, the Constituent Assembly , was tasked with drafting the country's constitution. The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950 , making India
8930-545: Was separated to form Malappuram district . Again on 1 November 1980, the South Wayanad Taluk of Kozhikode district was separated to form Wayanad district . (Details for 'Kozhikode Urban' retrieved from Census of India. ) According to the 2018 Statistics Report , Kozhikode district has a population of 3,249,761, roughly equal to the nation of Mongolia or the US state of Iowa . 2011 Census of India gives
9025-486: Was the first panchayat president. JT Abdurahiman Master is the president of the Thamarassery Panchayath (since 2020 December 30). Thamarassery panchayat is divided into 19 wards. Thamarassery panchayat comes under Koduvally state assembly constituency and Kozhikode loksabha constituency. Current MP is MK Raghavan of Congress and MLA is MK Muneer of Muslim League. Thamarassery constitutes a taluk within
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