Misplaced Pages

#814185

73-486: Released on March 16, 1961, the film was a box office success, and two years later became the first Disney film to have a sequel , Son of Flubber (1963). It was one of the first Disney films to be colorized (for the 1986 VHS release), and, along with The Shaggy Dog (1959) and Son of Flubber , is one of Disney's few black-and-white films to be produced after 1941. A remake titled Flubber with Robin Williams

146-499: A spiritual sequel . The film takes place again at Medfield College, where Professor Brainard is now deceased and his work has been lost to the ages. Brainard's successor as the chemistry teacher is Professor Henry Crawford, played by Harry Anderson and his girlfriend is Ellen Whitney, played by Mary Page Keller , who is the English teacher. Professor Crawford has much of the same absent-minded attitude as Brainard, although he invented

219-413: A built-in audience and reducing the financial risk associated with launching a new and unproven concept . Additionally, sequels of a formula that players already enjoy, balancing familiarity with new features or improvements, which can increase player retention and positive reception . In some cases, the characters or the settings of an original film or video game become so valuable that they develop into

292-410: A computer program named "Albert", an avatar of Albert Einstein , to help him stay on top of his responsibilities and remember appointments. Through happenstance, Crawford rediscovers the formula for flubber. Albert warns that flubber will react to dihydrogen monoxide , then accesses Brainard's files and recommends Henry recreate the famous flying Model T. One scene that was a tribute to the original film

365-580: A crossover film. A reboot is a start over from a previous work. It could either be a film set in a new universe resembling the old one or it could be a regular spin-off film that starts a new film series. Reboots are usually a part of the same media franchise as the previous works, but not always. Batman Begins , Casino Royale , Star Trek , Børning , Man of Steel , and Terminator: Genisys are examples of reboot films. Kathleen Loock has written that traditional reboots tended to stray away from depicting direct narrative or stylistic correlations to

438-465: A dependable business strategy. Sequels are now a dominant trend in the industry, making up a large proportion of new releases from major publishers . One reason seso prevalent is their ability to provide a stable revenue stream in a volatile market. Building on an existing brand with an established fan base, sequels are perceived as safer investments than new intellectual properties (IP). They allow companies to capitalize on previous successes, ensuring

511-504: A different perspective. Strict legacy parallels are Kirill Eskov 's novel The Last Ringbearer (1999) retelling the events of J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings (1955) from the viewpoint of benevolent Mordorians combatting the malevolent West. Likewise, Alice Randall 's novel The Wind Done Gone (2001), contemporary to Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind (1936), tells

584-417: A furious comeback, winning by a buzzer beater; he also uses the substance on his own shoe soles to augment his skills during a school dance. Alonzo becomes aware of Ned's flying car and, at Biff's suggestion, switches it for a fake Model T with squirrels and pigeons under the hood. Ned's debut turns into a mockery when he finds himself with Alonzo's fake car, and plays on Alonzo's greed by pointing out that, in

657-470: A gun. He is apparently a German spy working for the Nazis. He orders them to fly the car to the state capital, which they are forced to do. Spotted as an unidentified aircraft, a twin-tailed Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter is scrambled to go after them. Wing approached fender. The perplexed pilot ordered them to take the car down. Miller told them to refuse. He then shot at the plane. The plane shot tracers at

730-476: A kiln for 24 hours, it would solidify and become impervious to liquids, and christens this upgrade "flass" (flying glass). The Absent-Minded Professor has been remade as a 1997 theatrical film titled Flubber , with Robin Williams as the renamed Prof. Philip Brainard, with Marcia Gay Harden as his love interest, Dr. Sara Jean Reynolds (Nancy Olson appears in a cameo). Though neither the Anderson film nor

803-446: A letter added to the end. More commonly, they have numbers at the end or have added words at the end. It is also common for a sequel to have a variation of the original title or a subtitle. In the 1930s, many musical sequels had the year included in the title. Sometimes sequels are released with different titles in different countries, because of the perceived brand recognition. There are several ways that subsequent works can be related to

SECTION 10

#1732786983815

876-630: A main series. Prequels that are not part of a main series are called spin-off prequels , while prequels that are part of a main series are called true prequels . Examples of prequels include the Star Wars prequel trilogy (1999-2005), Tremors 4: The Legend Begins (2004) which took place chronologically before the events of the previous Tremors films , Better Call Saul (2015–2022) taking place mainly before Breaking Bad but also having some scenes after and during it, The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008) occurring chronologically before

949-529: A request for funds to allow the professor to build another Model T model and that Congress repeal a law of gravity. MacMurray, Olson, Reid, and Kirk reprised their roles in Son of Flubber , a sequel released less than two years later in 1963. Hewitt also returns (now as District Attorney), as well as the two Wynns (Keenan reprising his Alonzo P. Hawk role). Wynn appeared in Herbie Rides Again (1974),

1022-666: A satirical romance), for example, Cervantes disapproved of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda 's use of his characters in Second Volume of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha , an unauthorized sequel. In response, Cervantes very firmly kills the protagonist at the end of the Second Part to discourage any more such creative liberties. Another example is Samuel Richardson , an 18th-century author who responded particularly strongly against

1095-502: A series is somewhat arbitrary. Sequels are attractive to creators and publishers because there is less risk involved in returning to a story with known popularity rather than developing new and untested characters and settings. Audiences are sometimes eager for more stories about popular characters or settings, making the production of sequels financially appealing. In film, sequels are very common. There are many name formats for sequels. Sometimes, they either have unrelated titles or have

1168-443: A series, lately referred to as a media franchise . Generally, a whole series of sequels is made, along with merchandising . Multiple sequels are often planned well in advance, and actors and directors may sign extended contracts to ensure their participation. This can extend into a series/franchise's initial production's plot to provide story material to develop for sequels called sequel hooks. Examples of major media franchises include

1241-551: A similar character in the 1976 sequel to The Shaggy Dog (starring McMurray), The Shaggy D.A. centered in the town of Medfield. Keenan's son Ned also appears uncredited in a bit part. Ed Wynn also appeared in Son of Flubber . At this stage of his life, Ed Wynn's memory was fading and he couldn't remember his lines, but he retained his innate wit and invention, so he improvised much of his dialogue, while director Stephenson instructed his crew to "just let him go on and on. You see, he had

1314-447: A work he or she could sell. This shift from a text-based to an author-centered reading culture led to the "professionalization" of the author – that is, the development of a "sense of identity based on a marketable skill and on supplying to a defined public a specialized service it was demanding." In one sense, then, sequels became a means to profit further from previous work that had already obtained some measure of commercial success. As

1387-538: Is Mute (2018), a spiritual sequel to the film Moon (2009). A parallel , paraquel , or sidequel is a story that runs at the same point in time as the original story. For instance, three different novels by John Morressy — Starbrat (1972), Stardrift (1973; also known as Nail Down the Stars ), and Under a Calculating Star (1975) — involve different lead characters, mostly in different places, but overlap at one dramatic event to which each novel provides

1460-471: Is a story that takes place in between two previously published or released stories. For example, if 'movie C' is an interquel of 'movies A' and 'B', the events of 'movie C' take place after the events of 'movie A', but before the events of 'movie B'. Examples can include Rogue One (2016) and Solo (2018) of Star Wars , some films of the Fast & Furious franchise, and Saw X . An intraquel , on

1533-573: Is ready to open fire until one junior officer recommends against it, as Ned is atop the United States Capitol building. Now able to convince the government of the merits of Flubber, Ned finally marries Betsy. The two fly away from a cheering crowd in Ned's Model T. The aforementioned Prof. Hubert Alyea (1903–1996), professor of chemistry at Princeton University , earned the nickname "Dr. Boom" from Russian observers of his demonstrations at

SECTION 20

#1732786983815

1606-577: The Star Wars sequel trilogy (2015-2019), Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021), Terminator: Dark Fate (2019), Tron: Legacy (2010), Top Gun: Maverick (2022), Doctor Sleep (2019), Rocky Balboa (2006), the Creed films (2015-present), Mary Poppins Returns (2018), The Matrix Resurrections (2021), Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), Indiana Jones and

1679-696: The Marvel Cinematic Universe , Pokemon , Harry Potter , and Disney Princess . Movie sequels do not always do as well at the box office as the original, but they tend to do better than non-sequels, according to a study in the July 2008 issue of the Journal of Business Research . The shorter the period between releases, the better the sequel does at the box office. Sequels also show a faster drop in weekly revenues relative to non-sequels. A quantitative mega-analysis of box office earnings from all

1752-406: The chronology of the original. Various neologisms have been coined to describe them. The most common approach is for the events of the second work to directly follow the events of the first one, either continuing the remaining plot threads or introducing a new conflict to drive the events of the second story. They can either pick up right where the first work left off, or continue sometime after

1825-402: The "transportation problem" has been solved. Gasoline and rubber are obsolete because of Professor Rhoades' new invention. Rhoades is an absent-minded professor who ties strings to his fingers so he will remember. He had earlier invented artificial rubber. Ed Barnes, the garbage collector of Prairie Center, comes into Crawford's office during a scrap drive to tell him that Rhoades had taken out

1898-429: The 18th century novel. While in certain historical contexts unofficial sequels were actually the norm (for an example, see Arthurian literature ), with the emphasis on the author function that arises in conjunction with the novel many authors began to see these kinds of unauthorized extensions as being in direct conflict with authorial authority. In the matter of Don Quixote (an early novel, perhaps better classified as

1971-481: The 18th century sequels often served as "models of paternity and property", for women writers these models were more likely to be seen as transgressive. Instead, the recurring readership created by sequels let female writers function within the model of "familiar acquaintances reunited to enjoy the mutual pleasures of conversation", and made their writing an "activity within a private, non-economic sphere". Through this created perception women writers were able to break into

2044-400: The 1960s, only 8% of the world's population uses cars, but nearly everyone wears shoes. Ned gives Hawk a pair of Flubber shoes to cause Alonzo to bounce endlessly and become blackmailed into revealing where he hid the real car. Alonzo soon attracts everyone's attention, even a news crew, who interviews a physicist who remarks "by 7 tonight, he's going to be in serious trouble!". The police escort

2117-465: The 1997 remake were as highly regarded as the original, the Robin Williams version was still a considerable success. Both remakes were made in color. Several rubbery chemical compounds are named Flubber in honor of The Absent-Minded Professor ' s substance. Sequel A sequel is a work of literature , film , theatre , television , music , or video game that continues

2190-533: The Dial of Destiny (2023) , and the Jurassic World Trilogy (2015–2022) are examples of legacy sequels. Another term for these types of movies is requel , meaning reboot sequel, a term originally coined by Bruce Campbell to describe Evil Dead 2 (1987) in relation to The Evil Dead (1981). Film journalist Pamela McClintock describes a requel as something that "exploits goodwill toward

2263-563: The Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), Species - The Awakening (2007), Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (2015), Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Spirit Untamed (2021), Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021), Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery (2022), Kingdom of

The Absent-Minded Professor - Misplaced Pages Continue

2336-687: The International Science Pavilion of the Brussels World's Fair in the 1950s, which had Walt Disney in attendance. Disney told Alyea that he had given him an idea for a film, and invited Alyea to California to give a demonstration for actor Fred MacMurray, who later mimicked Alyea's mannerisms for the film. MacMurray would later state that he had never understood chemistry until his meeting with Alyea. The special effects were created by Robert A. Mattey and Eustace Lycett , who were nominated for an Academy Award, and included

2409-470: The Medfield football team to tackle Alonzo on his way down, stopping his bounces. Alonzo and Biff then chase after Ned, who by then has recovered his car from Alonzo's warehouse. Alonzo crashes into the same squad car Shelby did, and gets arrested for illegal firearms possession. Ned convinces Betsy to accompany him to Washington, D.C. Having never seen a flying car, the military considers it an attack and

2482-523: The Planet of the Apes (2024), Twisters (2024) and Jurassic World Rebirth (2025) are examples of standalone sequels. A plot reset , or resetquel is a work set in the same universe of its predecessor that resets the plot in a different premise or setting of the work's predecessor with more than one of the same predecessor characters to appease the audience due to extremely negative reception of

2555-662: The Principal Characters in David Simple and David Simple, Volume the Last are extremely innovative and cover almost the entire range of popular narrative styles of the 18th century. The cost of developing triple-A video games has increased significantly over recent years, often reaching tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars due to high expectations for detailed graphics, expansive worlds, and advanced gameplay. Video game companies have turned to sequels as

2628-489: The appropriation of his material by unauthorized third parties. Richardson was extremely vocal in his disapproval of the way the protagonist of his novel Pamela was repeatedly incorporated into unauthorized sequels featuring particularly lewd plots. The most famous of these is Henry Fielding 's parody, entitled Shamela . In To Renew Their Former Acquaintance: Print, Gender, and Some Eighteenth Century Sequels , Betty Schellenberg theorizes that whereas for male writers in

2701-506: The bad reviews went to his heart". In an interview, Taxi Driver writer Paul Schrader commented that this was the first film he had ever seen. In his own words, he was "very unimpressed" by it. The film holds a rating of 83% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 23 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3 out of 10. The short story is told by William Crawford as a letter to FDR in the White House in 1943 wartime America. He tells him that

2774-556: The car. The car suddenly went into a free fall as the professor worked with the control box in the back seat. They escaped from the P-38, landing safely in a field. Miller was choking in the back seat and was subdued and taken to the police. Crawford concludes the letter by emphasizing to the President the benefits the "dingus" contraption that enables the car to fly will have for transportation, cars, trucks, and ever airplanes. He makes

2847-422: The consent of the creator of the original work. These may be dubbed unofficial, informal, unauthorized, or illegitimate sequels. In some cases, the work is in the public domain , and there is no legal obstacle to producing sequels. An example would be books and films serving as sequels to the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , which is in the public domain (as opposed to its 1939 film adaptation ). In other cases,

2920-504: The continuity of the original works, but takes place much further along the timeline, often focusing on new characters with the original ones still present in the plot. They are often made many years after the original works were made. Legacy sequels are sometimes also direct sequels that ignore previous installments entirely, effectively retconning preceding events . Superman Returns (2006), Halloween (2018), Candyman (2021), Cobra Kai (2018-2025), Blade Runner 2049 (2017),

2993-406: The crowd has left before they notice that the ball bounced higher on its second bounce than on its first. For a more successful demonstration, he makes his Model T fly by bombarding Flubber with radioactive particles. After Medfield trails Rutland at the half by a large margin, Ned puts Flubber on the soles of the Medfield team's shoes, giving them tremendous jumping ability which causes them to make

The Absent-Minded Professor - Misplaced Pages Continue

3066-509: The economic sphere and "enhance their professional status" through authorship. Dissociated from the motives of profit and therefore unrestrained by the need for continuity felt by male writers, Schellenberg argues that female-authored sequel fiction tended to have a much broader scope. He says that women writers showed an "innovative freedom" that male writers rejected to "protect their patrimony". For example, Sarah Fielding 's Adventures of David Simple and its sequels Familiar Letters between

3139-478: The engine of his Model T with the apparent intention to donate it. But then they both see Rhoades drive up outside his office in the Model T. Ed is puzzled because he believes it has no engine. The professor is silent. He takes them for a ride in the car. They drive to the bank and to the grocery store. On the way, they find themselves in the path of two trucks about to collide with them. The car escapes by flying up over

3212-415: The establishment of a readership became increasingly important to the economic viability of authorship, sequels offered a means to establish a recurring economic outlet. In addition to serving economic profit, the sequel was also used as a method to strengthen an author's claim to his literary property. With weak copyright laws and unscrupulous booksellers willing to sell whatever they could, in some cases

3285-449: The events of The Little Mermaid TV series (1992-1994), the animated Little Mermaid film (1989), and The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000), and Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga (2024), which took place before Mad Max: Fury Road (2015). A midquel is a term used to refer to works which take place between events. Types include interquels and intraquels. An interquel

3358-423: The events of the first work ended. This is often called a direct sequel . Examples include Toy Story 2 (1999) and The Empire Strikes Back (1980). A prequel is an installment that is made following the original product which portrays events occurring chronologically before those of the original work. Although its name is based on the word sequel , not all prequels are true prequels that are part of

3431-435: The excitement of his discovery, he misses his own wedding to Betsy Carlisle, not for the first time, but his third. Subplots include Shelby Ashton, another professor, wooing the disappointed Betsy, Biff Hawk, Medfield's best basketball player, is ineligible to play in the game against archrival Rutland due to failing Professor Brainard's class, Biff's father, businessman Alonzo P. Hawk's schemes to gain wealth by means of Flubber,

3504-544: The grown-ups should find it entertaining for the silly shenanigans it contains and for the simple satisfaction of noting the pleasure it gives the kids". Variety described it as "a comedy-fantasy of infectious absurdity" with MacMurray "ideally cast". Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film, "for all that it happens to be a one-joke picture, is good and funny ... while its satire should be at least as sharp as its slapstick, but isn't,

3577-468: The humorous possibilities of the admirable flubber are not explored sufficiently". Despite the number of positive reviews, some critics disparaged the film on its release, causing considerable pain to Walt Disney, who couldn't understand why anyone would dislike such a light-hearted picture, leading composer Richard Sherman to comment: "Don't let anybody ever tell you Walt was immune to a bad review. It bothered him! The good reviews never went to his head, but

3650-449: The life story of a mulatto woman born enslaved on the O'Hara plantation and The Lion King 1½ (2004), featuring the origins of characters Timon and Pumbaa occurring simultaneously within the original 1994 film . Major film examples of true parallels include This is 40 ,sidequel to Knocked Up , focusing mainly on the side story of Pete ( Paul Rudd ) and Debbie ( Leslie Mann ), who are the in-laws of Alison Scott ( Katherine Heigl ) from

3723-435: The major movie studios revealed that franchise movies dominate the highest grossing films lists, establishing sequels as reliable kinds of movies to make. All studios have come to rely on releasing sequels as they increase the studios' profitability, yield to the consumer demand for simultaneous novelty and familiarity, and help manage risk and uncertainty within studio production and release. Sequels are most often produced in

SECTION 50

#1732786983815

3796-577: The most wonderful imagination". Medfield College of Technology was used again as the setting for the sequel, Son of Flubber , as well as a later trilogy of films based around the character Dexter Riley — The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes (1969), Now You See Him, Now You Don't (1972), and The Strongest Man in the World (1975), each starring Kurt Russell and Cesar Romero . At the 34th Academy Awards on April 9, 1962, The Absent-Minded Professor had nominations for three Academy Awards . The film

3869-521: The novelty of the gimmick will carry the picture to popularity". Edith Oliver of The New Yorker called it "a funny and unpretentious piece of slapstick that cannot fail to please children and all the rest of us who are fans of the Keystone Cops ". The Monthly Film Bulletin called it "agreeable and entertaining", but "the comedy doesn't bounce enough. It is really a one-joke story, and could have done with more invention, more unpredictability;

3942-487: The only way to prove ownership of a text was to produce another like it. Sequels in this sense are rather limited in scope, as the authors are focused on producing "more of the same" to defend their "literary paternity". As is true throughout history, sequels to novels provided an opportunity for authors to interact with a readership. This became especially important in the economy of the 18th century novel, in which authors often maintained readership by drawing readers back with

4015-483: The original creator or their heirs may assert copyrights , and challenge the creators of the sequels. Eustace Lycett Eustace Lycett (December 21, 1914 – November 16, 2006) was a British special effects artist who worked on attractions at Disneyland from the 1960s, such as Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and Rocket to the Moon , as well as contributing to Disney animation. All four of these films were in

4088-414: The original film. Alongside sequels, there are also other types of continuation or inspiration of a previous work. A spin-off is a work that is not a sequel to any previous works, but is set in the same universe. It is a separate work-on-its-own in the same franchise as the series of other works. Spin-offs are often focused on one or more of the minor characters from the other work or new characters in

4161-469: The other hand, is a work which focuses on events within a previous work. Examples include Bambi 2 (2005) and Black Widow (2021). A threequel is the third work after the first sequel. They act as a continuation, and sometimes a conclusion of plot threads from the first two works. Examples include Return of the Jedi (1983), and Rocky III (1982). A legacy sequel is a work that follows

4234-515: The past while launching a new generation of actors and stories". A standalone sequel is a work set in the same universe, yet has little or no narrative connection to its predecessor, and can stand on its own without a thorough understanding of the series. A Shot in the Dark (1964), Big Top Pee-wee (1988), Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982), Home Alone 3 (1997), The Fast and

4307-580: The predecessor. An example: The Suicide Squad (2021) to Suicide Squad (2016). A spiritual sequel is a work inspired by its predecessor. It shares the same styles, genres and elements as its predecessor, but has no direct connection to it at all. Most spiritual sequels are also set in different universes from their predecessors, and some spiritual sequels aren't even a part of their predecessor's franchise, making them non-franchise sequels . Spiritual sequels can sometimes be repurposed from material originally intended to be direct sequels. An example of this

4380-399: The previous versions of the franchise. Contemporary reboots lean into the nostalgia factor and create new stories that simultaneously revel in the aspects of the original franchise that made it notable in the first place. In The Afterlife of a Character , David Brewer describes a reader's desire to "see more", or to know what happens next in the narrative after it has ended. The origin of

4453-504: The production of multiple novel sequels, sometimes rivaling or even dwarfing the volume of works in the original medium. For example, the 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians , its 1961 animated adaptation and that film's 1996 live-action remake each have a sequel unrelated to the other sequels: respectively The Starlight Barking (1967), 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003, direct to video) and 102 Dalmatians (2000). Sometimes sequels are produced without

SECTION 60

#1732786983815

4526-463: The promise of more of what they liked from the original. With sequels, therefore, came the implicit division of readers by authors into the categories of "desirable" and "undesirable"—that is, those who interpret the text in a way unsanctioned by the author. Only after having achieved a significant reader base would an author feel free to alienate or ignore the "undesirable" readers. This concept of "undesirable" readers extends to unofficial sequels with

4599-410: The road. Rhoades explains that the car is able to fly because of his new invention, an electrical device that taps into the electricity of power lines. They then drive to his laboratory. They encounter Kurt Miller, an officer of the power company. Rhoades tells him that the new invention will enable dentures to stay in people's mouths. Miller wants the blueprints. Rhoades refuses. Miller then pulls out

4672-628: The same medium as the previous work (e.g. a film sequel is usually a sequel to another film). Producing sequels to a work in another medium has also become common, especially when the new medium is less costly or time-consuming to produce. A sequel to a popular but discontinued television series may be produced in another medium, thereby bypassing whatever factors led to the series' cancellation such as Serenity (sequel to Firefly (TV series) ), Downton Abbey: A New Era (sequel to Downton Abbey ), and Veronica Mars (sequel to Veronica Mars ). Some highly popular movies and television series have inspired

4745-497: The same universe as the other work. The Scorpion King , Planes , Minions , Hobbs & Shaw and Lightyear are examples of spin-off movies while Star Trek: The Next Generation , Torchwood and CSI: NY are examples of spin-off television series. A crossover is a work where two previous works from different franchises are meeting in the same universe. Alien vs. Predator , Freddy vs. Jason , The Lego Movie and Deadpool & Wolverine are examples of

4818-444: The school's financial difficulties and debt to Alonzo, and Ned's attempts to interest the government and military in uses for Flubber. Shelby is given his revenge by Ned, who keeps on jumping on the top of Shelby's car, until it crashes into a police car, where a now-manic Shelby is given a field sobriety test . Looking for backers, Ned bounces his Flubber ball for an audience, but his investment pitch proves so long-winded that most of

4891-578: The second film in Disney's Love Bug franchise, playing Alonzo A. Hawk rather than Alonzo P. Hawk. As the name is slightly changed, it is unclear whether the two series are meant to share a precise universe, but the Alonzo Hawk character is still a comic villain with the same modus operandi . In 1988, the Disney Channel produced a film with the same name, which was not a remake in as much

4964-399: The sequel as it is conceived in the 21st century developed from the novella and romance traditions in a slow process that culminated towards the end of the 17th century. The substantial shift toward a rapidly growing print culture and the rise of the market system by the early 18th-century meant that an author's merit and livelihood became increasingly linked to the number of copies of

5037-404: The sodium screen matte process, as well as miniatures and wire-supported mockups. The film's "Medfield Fight Song" was written by Richard M. and Robert B. Sherman , their first song for a Disney feature. Keenan Wynn and his father Ed Wynn appear together in this film. Keenan also played Alonzo Hawk in Son of Flubber (1963) and for a third time in Herbie Rides Again (1974). Keenan plays

5110-491: The story of , or expands upon , some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction , a sequel portrays events set in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work. In many cases, the sequel continues elements of the original story, often with the same characters and settings. A sequel can lead to a series , in which key elements appear repeatedly. The difference between more than one sequel and

5183-463: Was Henry's use of the flying car to fly atop the car of a rival suitor for Ellen, then bumping his roof. In 1989, The Absent-Minded Professor: Trading Places , was made where Henry has now married Ellen, and was offered a job by his college friend (played by Ed Begley Jr. ), at a defense firm. Henry realizes a sinister purpose and must work with his friend to thwart it. It is also shown that Henry did further experiments on flubber: should it be baked in

5256-515: Was reissued to theaters in 1967 and 1975, and released to video in 1981, 1986, and 1993. It was released as a pan and scan print on VHS in black and white in 1981 and 1993, and in a colorized version in 1986 and 1997 (to commemorate the release of the new remake Flubber ). In 2003, the film was released to DVD in widescreen. In 2008, the film was re-packaged as a two-disc set with its sequel, Son of Flubber . Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called it "remarkably bouncy entertainment ...

5329-417: Was released in 1997. Professor Ned Brainard is an absent-minded professor of physical chemistry at Medfield College who invents a substance that gains energy when it strikes a hard surface. This discovery follows some blackboard scribbling in which he reverses a sign in the equation for enthalpy to energy plus pressure times volume. Ned names his discovery Flubber , a portmanteau of "flying rubber". In

#814185