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59-523: The Annex is a neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada. The traditional boundaries of the neighbourhood are north to Dupont Street, south to Bloor Street , west to Bathurst Street and east to Avenue Road . The City of Toronto recognizes a broader neighbourhood definition that includes the adjacent Seaton Village and Yorkville areas. Bordering the University of Toronto ,

118-496: A collection of short stories entitled Fables of Brunswick Avenue (published in 1985), also lived on this street. Seaton Village is the former home of Canadian poet and children's author Dennis Lee , Oscar -winning (for Chicago ) sound engineer David Lee (no relation, now deceased), sociologist Barry Wellman , and Meghan Markle . It is the current home of novelist and playwright Ann-Marie MacDonald . Major League Baseball All Star outfielder Goody Rosen also lived in

177-643: A public space for holding performances and art displays. The area includes several live theatres, a movie complex at Dundas Square and the historic Massey Hall . Historical sites and landmarks include the Arts & Letter Club, the Church of the Holy Trinity, Mackenzie House, Maple Leaf Gardens, Old City Hall, and the Toronto Police Museum and Discovery Centre. The Financial District , centred on

236-406: A result has been undergoing Manhattanization with the construction of new office towers, hotels and condos. As of 2016, the population of downtown Toronto was 237,698 people with 503,575 jobs located within the area. The population density was 143 people per hectare, and the job density was 303 jobs per hectare. The Royal Conservatory of Music is a non-profit music education institution that

295-581: A strong Tudor influence that was not present in Annesbury. The style soon became increasingly popular, appealing predominantly to reasonably well-off people with an "Establishment" leaning. The style as it developed in Australia was highly eclectic, blending Queen Anne elements with various Australian influences. Old English characteristics like ribbed chimneys and gabled roofs were combined with Australian elements like encircling verandahs, designed to keep

354-427: A weathered look on a new building, even had the cedar shakes dipped in buttermilk, dried and then installed, to leave a grayish tinge to the façade. The Shingle style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle-style houses, and

413-499: A wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance" (non-Gothic Revival) details rather than of a specific formulaic style in its own right. "Queen Anne", as an alternative both to the French-derived Second Empire and the less "domestic" Beaux-Arts architecture, is broadly applied to architecture, furniture and decorative arts of the period 1880 to 1910; some "Queen Anne" architectural elements, such as

472-633: Is a large cluster of retail centres and shops in the area, including the Toronto Eaton Centre indoor mall. There are an estimated 600 retail stores, 150 bars and restaurants, and 7 hotels. In recent years the area has been experiencing a renaissance as the Business Improvement Area (BIA) has brought in new retail and improved the cleanliness. The area has also seen the opening of the Dundas Square public square,

531-482: Is a vibrant social and mixed-use area offering a wide range of services from moderate-priced dining to independent discount retailers, in buildings which often include residential space in upper floors. Just west of the Annex proper, along Bloor Street (between Bathurst Street and Christie Street), there are street signs that post Koreatown due to the high percentage of Korean-owned businesses (although that neighbourhood

590-479: Is adjacent to the downtown area, and the much larger Toronto Pearson International Airport located 27 km to the northwest. 43°39′9.01″N 79°23′0.81″W  /  43.6525028°N 79.3835583°W  / 43.6525028; -79.3835583 New World Queen Anne Revival architecture In the United States, Queen Anne Revival architecture was popular from roughly 1880 to 1910. "Queen Anne"

649-738: Is an arts school whose main building is located in Grange Park. The Université de l'Ontario français is a French-language postsecondary institution situated in East Bayfront. Toronto Metropolitan University and the University of Toronto are research universities , with the former located in the Garden District and the latter's St. George campus situated in the Discovery District. Apart from its St. George campus,

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708-766: Is an example, built in 1904 in rural Nashville, Georgia . Characteristics of the Queen Anne cottage style are: The Shingle style in America was made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style . In the Shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed

767-733: Is attributed to E. J. Lennox , the most prominent architect in late nineteenth century Toronto. His design for the residence of contractor Lewis Lukes at 37 Madison Avenue (completed in 1887) introduced a design that would be imitated and modified over the next two decades. The Annex style house borrows elements from both the American Richardsonian Romanesque and the British Queen Anne Revival . Annex style houses typically feature large rounded Romanesque arches, along with Queen Anne style decorative items such as turrets. Attics are emphasized in

826-513: Is headquartered in downtown Toronto. Four different public school boards provide primary and secondary education for the City of Toronto, as well as the downtown area. Two Toronto-based school boards provide instruction in the English language , the secular Toronto District School Board , and the separate Toronto Catholic District School Board . The other two Toronto-based school boards,

885-426: Is home to many examples of a uniquely Torontonian style of house that was popular among the city's elite in the late nineteenth century. Examples of this style survive in the former upper class areas along Jarvis and Sherbourne Street , and also around the University of Toronto campus. Most of these buildings are found in the Annex, and the style is thus known by some as the 'Annex style house.' The original conception

944-493: Is home to many furniture stores, interior design studios and contemporary casual dining options . The CF Toronto Eaton Centre , a large, multilevel enclosed shopping mall and office complex that spans several blocks and houses 330 stores, is the city's top tourist attraction with over one million visitors weekly. Other indoor shopping malls include College Park , the Tenor , Aura , Yorkville Village , Atrium on Bay , Village by

1003-568: Is largely confined to the treatment of picturesquely disposed windows, with small-paned upper sashes and plate glass lower ones. Triple windows of a Serlian motif and a two-story oriel window that projects asymmetrically were frequently featured. The Astral Apartments built in Brooklyn in 1885–1886 to house dock workers provide a similar example of red-brick and terracotta Queen Anne architecture in New York. E. Francis Baldwin 's stations for

1062-515: Is officially called Seaton Village ), but many locals refer to the area as "West Annex" (even though the official West Annex area is bounded by Bloor, Bathurst, the CP Railway, and Spadina). During the 1950s and 1960s, an influx of Hungarian immigrants moved into the neighbourhood after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was suppressed, and some of the businesses and properties along Bloor may still be owned by Hungarian-Canadian families. The Annex

1121-532: Is one of the oldest areas of Toronto. It features heritage buildings, theatres, music, dining and many pubs. It is a community of distinct downtown neighbourhoods including the site of the original Town of York, which was Toronto's first neighbourhood, dating back to 1793. The area boasts one of the largest concentrations of 19th-century buildings in Ontario. Of particular note is St. Lawrence Hall, St. James' Cathedral , St. Michael's Cathedral , St. Paul's Basilica ,

1180-527: Is the city's major intermodal transportation hub, providing access not only to local and regional public transit , but also to inter-city rail services like Via Rail . In addition to surface-level pedestrian sidewalks, much of downtown Toronto is also connected through the PATH Underground , an extensive network of underground pedestrian tunnels , skyways , and at-grade walkways. Nearby airports include Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , which

1239-460: Is the main city centre of Toronto , Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto , it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres in area, bounded by Bloor Street to the northeast and Dupont Street to the northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and

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1298-663: The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad are also familiar examples of the style, built variously of brick and wood. The most famous American Queen Anne residence is the William Carson Mansion of Eureka, California (see photo). Newsom and Newsom were notable builder-architects of 19th-century California homes and public buildings, and they designed and constructed (1884–1886) this 18-room home for one of California's first lumber barons . Smaller and somewhat plainer houses can also be Queen Anne. The William G. Harrison House

1357-546: The Government of Ontario . The area is made up of Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto has the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City . The retail core of the downtown is located along Yonge Street from Queen Street to College Street. There

1416-633: The Harbourfront Centre waterfront revitalization. The area to the east of Yonge Street is still in transition, with the conversion of industrial lands to mixed residential and commercial uses planned. Among the important government headquarters in downtown Toronto include the Ontario Legislature , and the Toronto City Hall . In the 1970s, Toronto experienced major economic growth and surpassed Montreal to become

1475-498: The Koreatown shopping district at its southern border. While Seaton Village shares several characteristics with The Annex (notably its architecture and its popularity with University of Toronto students), it is generally quieter, more family-oriented, and has smaller, less expensive homes. Vermont Square Park is near the centre of Seaton Village. The park has a playground, including a wading pool. St. Albans Boys and Girls club and

1534-561: The Seneca Polytechnic . Downtown Toronto is home to the flagship department stores of The Bay , Saks Fifth Avenue and Holt Renfrew . The traditional shopping districts concentrated on Queen Street West and King Street East have seen recent growth to encompass the area surrounding Yonge–Dundas Square . The Old Town portion of the downtown, stretching from St. Lawrence Market to the Distillery District

1593-601: The Toronto Historical Board , so developers have less chance of maximizing their ventures by tearing down old mansions and developing low rises and townhouse complexes. Some of architect Uno Prii 's most expressive, sculptural apartment buildings are located in the Annex. Because of its proximity to the university, the Annex has a high rate of seasonal tenant turnover, and its residents range from university students to older long-time residents. The stretch of Bloor Street between Avenue Road and Bathurst Street

1652-551: The United Kingdom and the United States ) living in the area. As of the 2021 census , the three census tracts that compose the Annex have a total population of 14,149 and an average population density of 9,685 people/km. The Annex is mainly residential, and streets are lined with tall trees dwarfing the large Victorian and Edwardian houses, most of them built between 1880 and the early 1900s. The 1950s and 1960s saw

1711-527: The 1876 celebration of the United States Centennial. Architects emulated colonial houses' plain, shingled surfaces as well as their massing, whether in the simple gable of McKim, Mead and White's Low House or in the complex massing of Kragsyde , which looked almost as if a colonial house had been fancifully expanded over many years. This impression of the passage of time was enhanced by the use of shingles. Some architects, in order to attain

1770-711: The American Queen Anne style may include: The "Queen Anne" style that had been formulated in Britain by Norman Shaw and other architects arrived in New York with the new housing for the New York House and School of Industry ( Sidney V. Stratton , architect, 1878) at 120 West 16th Street. Gabled and domestically scaled, these early American Queen Anne homes were built of warm, soft brick enclosing square terracotta panels, with an arched side passage leading to an inner court and back house. Their detailing

1829-600: The Annex for several years. Explorer Norman Elder owned 'The Norman Elder Museum' at 140 Bedford Road. The noted urban theorist and activist Jane Jacobs lived at 69 Albany Avenue from 1971 until her death in 2006. CBC writer, producer and actor Ken Finkleman and members of the rock band Sloan also reside in the neighbourhood. Brunswick Avenue in particular has served as a home for many writers, including Matt Cohen , Austin Clarke , Morley Callaghan , Howard Engel , Marian Engel , and bpNichol . Katherine Govier , who wrote

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1888-525: The Annex has long been a student quarter , and it is also home to many fraternity houses and members of the university's faculty. According to the 2011 Canadian census , the neighbourhood has an average income of $ 66,742.67, significantly above the average income in the Toronto census metropolitan area. The Annex is not known for its big population of immigrants – in 2011, Statistics Canada declared that there were about 4,665 immigrants (predominantly from

1947-537: The Annex. The Annex is well served by public transit, including four Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway stations: Bathurst , Dupont , St. George , and Spadina . Spadina and St. George stations act as interchange stations, allowing passengers both north-west subway travel as well as east–west. Streetcar services run south from Bathurst and Spadina stations. Bus service operates on Avenue Road, Spadina Road, Dupont Street, Davenport Street, and northward on Bathurst Street. Downtown Toronto Downtown Toronto

2006-504: The Bill Bolton hockey arena are also located in the park. Clinton Street features a house almost totally covered with circular "woodcakes" cut from billiards cues. European settlement of this area began in the 1790s when surveyors laid out York Township. The area east of Brunswick Avenue became part of the village of Yorkville , while the region west of Brunswick was part of Seaton Village. In 1883, Yorkville agreed to annexation with

2065-569: The City of Toronto. In 1886, Simeon Janes, a developer, created a subdivision which he called the Toronto Annex. The Annex area became part of Toronto in 1887 and Seaton Village joined Toronto in 1888. First residents of the area included Timothy Eaton , patriarch of the Eatons Department Store , and George Gooderham Sr. (1830–1905), president of Gooderham & Worts Distillery . The Annex's first Golden Era lasted until

2124-768: The Enoch Turner School House, the Bank of Upper Canada, Le Royal Meridien King Edward Hotel, and the Gooderham Building . On Saturday there is a farmers' market. Other historical districts in downtown Toronto include Cabbagetown , Corktown , the Distillery District , and Old Town . To the west of the financial district is the Entertainment District . It is home to hundreds of restaurants, nightclubs, sporting facilities, boutiques, hotels, attractions, and live theatre. The district

2183-625: The Grange, Manulife Centre and the PATH underground city network , the largest underground shopping complex in the world. Emerging retail destinations include Mirvish Village , the Well and the renovated St. Lawrence Market North . Yonge Street , a major arterial route in the city, begins at the northern shore of the Toronto Harbour and runs through downtown, continuing north all the way to

2242-777: The Queen Anne style was absorbed into the Federation style, which was, broadly speaking, the Australian equivalent of the Edwardian style , derived from the influence of Richard Norman Shaw , an influential British architect of the late Victorian era . The Federation period went from 1890 to 1915 and included twelve styles, one of which was the Federation Queen Anne . This became the most popular style for houses built between 1890 and 1910. The style often used Tudor-style woodwork and elaborate fretwork that replaced

2301-666: The University of Toronto also operates two satellite campuses outside the downtown core in Mississauga and Scarborough . Colleges based in downtown Toronto include George Brown College , Toronto Film School , Trebas Institute , and the Randolph College for the Performing Arts . Four other colleges that are based outside of downtown Toronto, but operate satellite branches in the downtown core include Collège Boréal , Georgian College , Humber College and

2360-614: The Victorian taste for wrought iron. Verandahs were usually a feature, as were the image of the rising sun and Australian wildlife; plus circular windows, turrets and towers with conical or pyramid-shaped roofs. The first Queen Anne house in Australia was Caerleon in the suburb of Bellevue Hill, New South Wales . Caerleon was designed initially by a Sydney architect, Harry Kent , but was then substantially reworked in London by Maurice Adams . This led to some controversy over who deserved

2419-429: The city of Barrie, Ontario . Other notable streets include Dundas , Bloor , Queen , King , and University . The Toronto Transit Commission administers the Toronto area's public transportation system, including buses , streetcar , and subways . The regional public transportation service, GO Transit , also provides bus and commuter train service to downtown Toronto from its hub, Union Station . Union Station

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2478-547: The city. At the intersection of Avenue Road and Bloor Street is the Royal Ontario Museum , the largest museum in the city, with a diverse anthropological and natural history collection. The Harbourfront area to the south was formerly an industrial and railway lands area. Since the 1970s, it has seen extensive redevelopment, including the building of the Rogers Centre stadium, numerous condominiums and

2537-410: The credit. The house was built in 1885 and was the precursor for the Federation Queen Anne houses that were to become so popular. Caerleon was followed soon after by West Maling, in the suburb of Penshurst, New South Wales , and Annesbury, in the suburb of Ashfield, New South Wales , both built circa 1888. These houses, although built around the same time, had distinct styles, West Maling displaying

2596-526: The early 1900s, when the upper classes began to migrate northward above the Davenport escarpment to newer more fashionable suburbs in Forest Hill and Lawrence Park . In the 1960s, the proposed Spadina Expressway would have divided the Annex in half. Annex area residents, along with other resident grassroots groups, successfully opposed its construction. The northern Annex (north of Bloor Street )

2655-441: The emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses. McKim, Mead and White and Peabody and Stearns were two of the notable firms of the era that helped to popularize the shingle style, through their large-scale commissions for "seaside cottages" of the rich and the well-to-do in such places as Newport, Rhode Island. However, the most famous Shingle-style house built in America

2714-438: The exterior architecture. The houses are most often made of brick, though some also incorporate Credit Valley sandstone . Originally built for some of the city's wealthiest citizens, the houses are generally large. As the wealthy moved away from the neighbourhood, many of the houses were subdivided into apartments. Seaton Village, or the 'West Annex' as it is sometimes incorrectly known, is west of Bathurst Street and includes

2773-528: The intersection of Bay Street and King Street is the centre of Canada's financial industry . It contains the Toronto Stock Exchange , which is the largest in Canada and tenth in the world by market capitalization as of 2021. The construction of skyscrapers in downtown Toronto had started to rapidly increase since the 1960s. The area of St. Lawrence to the east of the financial district

2832-445: The largest city in Canada. Many international and domestic businesses relocated to Toronto and created massive new skyscrapers downtown. All of Canada's Big Five banks constructed skyscrapers beginning in the late 1960s up until the early 1990s. Today downtown Toronto contains dozens of notable skyscrapers. The area's First Canadian Place is the tallest building in Canada at a height of 298 metres (978 feet). The CN Tower , once

2891-467: The north, north of Bloor Street and the Mink Mile , has more than 700 designer boutiques, spas, restaurants, hotels, and world-class galleries. It is a former village in its own right (prior to 1883) and since the early 1970s has developed into an up-scale shopping district. The intersection of Bloor and Yonge Streets is the intersection of the city's subway lines and is one of the busiest intersections in

2950-484: The replacement of some houses with mid-rise (and a handful of high-rise) apartment buildings in the International style . These were surrounded with landscaped green spaces in an attempt to better fit into the neighbourhood. Due to a government freeze on development in 1975 for buildings higher than 45 feet, most of the original houses still exist. There are now over 500 buildings in the Annex that are protected by

3009-462: The secular Conseil scolaire Viamonde , and the separate Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir provide instruction in the French language . Several independent schools also operate within downtown Toronto. Downtown Toronto is home to four public universities , the University of Toronto , OCAD University , Université de l'Ontario français and Toronto Metropolitan University . OCAD University

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3068-606: The sun out. One outstanding example of this eclectic approach is Urrbrae House , in the Adelaide suburb of Urrbrae, South Australia , part of the Waite Institute. Another variation with connections to the Federation Queen Anne style was the Federation Bungalow , featuring prominent verandahs. This style generally incorporated familiar Queen Anne elements, but usually in simplified form. Examples include

3127-609: The tallest free-standing structure in the world, remains the tallest such structure in the Americas, standing at 553.33 metres (1,815 ft., 5 inches). Other notable buildings include Scotia Plaza , TD Centre , Commerce Court , the Royal Bank Plaza , The Bay 's flagship store, and the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . Since 2007, urban consolidation has been centred in downtown Toronto and as

3186-508: The wraparound front porch, continued to be found into the 1920s. Queen Anne style buildings in America came into vogue in the 1880s, replacing the French-derived Second Empire as the "style of the moment." The popularity of high Queen Anne Style waned in the early 1900s, but some elements continued to be found on buildings into the 1920s, such as the wrap-around front porch (often L-shaped). Distinctive features of

3245-529: Was " Kragsyde " (1882), the summer home commissioned by Bostonian G. Nixon Black, from Peabody and Stearns. Kragsyde was built atop the rocky coastal shore near Manchester-By-the-Sea, Massachusetts , and embodied every possible tenet of the shingle style. Many of the concepts of the Shingle style were adopted by Gustav Stickley , and adapted to the American version of the Arts and Crafts Movement . In Australia,

3304-675: Was formerly an industrial area and was redeveloped for entertainment purposes in the early 1980s, becoming a major centre for entertainment. The redevelopment started with the Mirvish family refurbishing the Royal Alexandra Theatre and their construction of the Princess of Wales Theatre . The area is now the site of Roy Thomson Hall and the Canadian Broadcasting Centre . The Yorkville area, to

3363-469: Was home to many members of Toronto's Eaton family and members of the Baldwin, Ross, and Simpson families until the mid-twentieth century. Timothy Eaton had his residence at the corner of Lowther Avenue and Walmer Road, and the Baldwin family built three houses on the northern side of Lowther near Bedford Road. Beatrice Worsley , who received the first PhD in what would now be called computer science and

3422-648: Was one of a number of popular architectural styles to emerge during the Victorian era . Within the Victorian era timeline, Queen Anne style followed the Stick style and preceded the Richardsonian Romanesque and Shingle styles . The style bears almost no relationship to the English Baroque architecture produced in the actual reign of Queen Anne from 1702 to 1714. It is loosely used of

3481-845: Was the first female computer scientist in Canada, lived on Lowther on land which is now part of Bedford Park. Frederick Banting , the co-discoverer of insulin and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, lived on the south east corner of Lowther and Bedford Road. Admiral Road in the Annex is home to the writer Margaret Atwood , as well as John Ralston Saul and his wife, the former Governor General of Canada Adrienne Clarkson . Her ex-husband Stephen Clarkson lived on nearby Lowther Avenue, across from former MP Belinda Stronach . Former Prime Minister and Nobel Laureate Lester B. Pearson lived at 12 Admiral Road from 1925 to 1928. bpnichol lived at 59 Admiral with Lea Hindley-Smith, founder of Therafields, and her family, from 1966. David Suzuki lived for years on Bernard Avenue, and Catherine O'Hara lived in

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