3-428: The Fifth Estate is most strongly associated with bloggers, journalists, hacktivists, and media outlets that operate outside of the mainstream media. Fifth Estate may also refer to: Fifth Estate The Fifth Estate is a socio-cultural reference to groupings of outlier viewpoints in contemporary society, and is most associated with bloggers , journalists publishing in non-mainstream media outlets, and
6-552: The social media or "social license". The "Fifth" Estate extends the sequence of the three classical Estates of the Realm , nobility, clergy, subjects and the preceding Fourth Estate , essentially the mainstream press. The use of "fifth estate" dates to the 1960s counterculture , and in particular the influential The Fifth Estate , an underground newspaper first published in Detroit in 1965. Web-based technologies have enhanced
9-501: The scope and power of the Fifth Estate far beyond the modest and boutique conditions of its beginnings. Nimmo and Combs asserted in 1992 that political pundits constitute a Fifth Estate. Media researcher Stephen D. Cooper argued in 2006 that bloggers are the Fifth Estate. In 2009, William Dutton argued that the Fifth Estate is not just the blogging community, nor an extension of the media, but "networked individuals" enabled by
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