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95-460: The Heat may refer to: The Heat (film) , a 2013 film with Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy The Heat (Toni Braxton album) , a 2000 album by Toni Braxton The Heat (Jesse Malin album) , a 2004 album by Jesse Malin The Heat (Needtobreathe album) , a 2007 album by Needtobreathe The Heat (Dan Reed Network album)  [ de ] ,

190-419: A $ 3.30 per hour wage for foot soldiers. Contrary to a popular image of drug sales as a lucrative profession, many of the employees were living with their mothers by necessity. Despite this, the gang had four times as many unpaid members who dreamed of becoming foot soldiers. There are several arguments on whether or not free trade has a correlation to an increased activity in the illicit drug trade. Currently,

285-435: A 1991 album by Dan Reed Network The Heat, an episode of the cartoon The New Adventures of He-Man The Heat (Sirius XM) , Sirius XM Radio's Urban Contemporary channel The Miami Heat , a National Basketball Association team The Heat with Mark McEwan , a reality TV series Denis Ovens , nicknamed The Heat , English darts player See also [ edit ] Heat (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

380-564: A bra-mance.” Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a grade of B and wrote: “The director, Paul Feig , possesses a highly developed radar for the alternating currents of competition and camaraderie in female relationships. As he proved in Bridesmaids (2011)…Feig understands how women who don’t like each other express their antipathy — in ways both more direct and less direct than what men do. In The Heat , Feig stages scenes like Richard Donner ( Lethal Weapon ) with

475-402: A cop action movie and guys won't want to see two girls holding guns and we'd cancel out our potential audience," said producer Jenno Topping . "But we really believed, at the end of the day, it wouldn't be about gender as much as it would be about delivering a courageous action comedy with some heart to it." I don't like women acting like men; then it's not serving anybody. That's why The Heat

570-541: A mission in Boston . She meets Boston Police Department Detective Shannon Mullins. Their professional styles clash during their attempt to interrogate a drug dealer . Ashburn reluctantly agrees to work with Mullins. Ashburn and Mullins tail a nightclub manager to his business, Club Ekko, and place a bug on his phone to get information on drug lord Simon Larkin. Leaving the club, Ashburn and Mullins are confronted by DEA Special Agents Craig and Adam, who have been working

665-530: A mobster in Boston . The film was released in the United States on June 28, 2013. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics and was a success at the box office, grossing $ 229 million worldwide against a $ 43 million budget. FBI Special Agent Sarah Ashburn is an expert federal criminal investigator in New York City . Her supervisor, who is considering her for promotion, assigns her to

760-415: A movie with two female characters that easily could have been played by a pair of men. But these two are like workplace sexism’s toxic side effects. Ashburn is the ambitious professional who lives only for promotions. Mullins is the anti-feminine ballbuster. Nobody likes either of them. And they don’t like each other until they do. This is generic genre stuff with a realish female friendship at its center: It’s

855-533: A particularly increased demand for marijuana and cocaine . As a result, international organized crime syndicates such as the Sinaloa Cartel and 'Ndrangheta have increased cooperation among each other in order to facilitate trans-Atlantic drug-trafficking. Use of another illicit drug, hashish , has also increased in Europe. Drug trafficking is widely regarded by lawmakers as a serious offense around

950-769: A path to the United States and Europe for illegal drugs originating in Colombia , through Central America, Mexico and Caribbean countries such as Haiti , the Dominican Republic , and Puerto Rico . According to the United Nations, cocaine trafficking through Venezuela increased from 2002 to 2008. In 2005, the government of Hugo Chávez severed ties with the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), accusing its representatives of spying. Following

1045-449: A power play in order to gain influence, and as a result created more corruption in the government. One such power play was an alliance with drug traffickers. This political corruption obscured justice, making it difficult to identify violence when it related to drugs. By the 1940s, the tie between the drug cartels and the PRI had solidified. This arrangement created immunity for the leaders of

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1140-637: A primary trading route, due to its large-scale and costly war against drug trafficking. The Border Police Chief of Iran said that his country "is a strong barrier against the trafficking of illegal drugs to Caucasus, especially the Republic of Azerbaijan." The drugs produced by the Golden Triangle of Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand, on the other hand, pass through the southern routes to feed the Australian, US, and Asian markets. Venezuela has been

1235-676: A profit in the cocaine smuggling market in order to leverage it for their activities. Drugs are increasingly traded online on the dark web on darknet markets . Internet-based drug trafficking is the global distribution of narcotics, making extensive use of technology. Similarly, the use of the Internet for the illegal trafficking of two controlled categories of drugs can also be identified as Internet-related drug trafficking. The platform Silk Road provided goods and services to 100,000 buyers before being shut down in October 2013. This prompted

1330-521: A prominent set culture of Mexican society that created the means for drug capital. One of the sites of origin for drug trafficking within Mexico, was the state of Michoacán . In the past, Michoacán was mainly an agricultural society. This provided an initial growth of trade. Industrialization of rural areas of Mexico facilitated a greater distribution of drugs, expanding the drug market into different provinces. Once towns became industrialized, cartels such as

1425-516: A response, Mexico saw an increase in violence caused by drug trafficking. The corruption cartels created resulted in distrust of government by the Mexican public. This distrust became more prominent after the collapse of the PRI party. In response, the presidents of Mexico , in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century, implemented several different programs relating to law enforcement and regulation. In 1993, President Salinas created

1520-665: A result of the increased use of opium in Britain, the British government restricted the sale of opium by implementing the 1868 Pharmacy Act . In the United States, control of opium remained under the control of individual US states until the introduction of the Harrison Act in 1914, after 12 international powers signed the International Opium Convention in 1912. Between 1920 and c.  1933

1615-688: A result, by 1838 the number of Chinese opium-addicts had grown to between four and twelve million. The Chinese government responded by enforcing a ban on the import of opium; this led to the First Opium War (1839–1842) between the United Kingdom and Qing-dynasty China. The British defeated the Chinese, and in the resulting treaty that ended the war, the Treaty of Nanking , the Qing government

1710-508: A six-year period. This was spent as follows: $ 5,000 to the board of twenty directors of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation , who oversaw 100 such gangs for approximately $ 500,000 in monthly income. Another $ 5,000 monthly was paid for cocaine, and $ 4,000 for other non-wage expenses. J.T. took $ 8,500 monthly for his own salary. The remaining $ 9,500 monthly went to pay the employees a $ 7 per hour wage for officers and

1805-517: A touch of George Cukor ( The Women ). He has made a piece of smash-and-grab policier pulp that, through the interplay of Bullock and McCarthy, spins to its own snarly/confessional feminine beat.” In contrast, Mick LaSalle of The San Francisco Chronicle called the film both formulaic and inspired, but acknowledged "the inspiration is in the combining of these two actresses." In another mixed review, Keith Uhlich of Time Out said Bullock and McCarthy deserved better material, and also criticized

1900-647: Is a lack of local stability, as mayors cannot be re-elected. This requires electing a new mayor each term. Drug gangs have manipulated this, using vacuums in local leadership to their own advantage. In 1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was formed to resolve the chaos resulting from the Mexican Revolution . Over time, this party gained political influence and had a major impact on Mexico's social and economic policies. The party created ties with various groups as

1995-491: Is about to torture them when he gets called away by Larkin. Before leaving, Julian stabs Ashburn in the leg and leaves the knife in the wound. Mullins removes the knife and uses it to cut the rope binding her hands. Before she can cut the rope around her feet, they hear someone coming and Mullins puts the knife back in Ashburn's leg. But it is Craig and Adam who enter. Craig begins to untie the two women, but when they reveal Jason

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2090-465: Is alive, Adam shoots Craig before revealing he is Larkin. Adam/Larkin has been working on his own case from inside the DEA for months. Julian returns and Larkin orders him to kill Ashburn and Mullins while he visits the hospital to kill Jason. Mullins had put her arms behind her chair so she looks tied up. After Larkin leaves, Mullins frees herself, grabs the knife and attacks Julian. Ashburn throws herself to

2185-585: Is built using illegal funds, and when the house is sold, legal money is earned. When drugs are sent over land, through the Sahara, the drug traders have been forced to cooperate with terrorist organizations, such as Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb . Drugs in Asia traditionally traveled the southern routes – the main caravan axes of Southeast Asia and Southern China – and include

2280-417: Is composed by Michael Andrews who previously scored Feig's Bridesmaids and Unaccompanied Minors (2006). A soundtrack album containing songs featured in the film was released on June 25, 2013 by Lakeshore Records . Of these songs, the album includes a brand new track entitled "Rock This" by Santigold . Describing why he chose the songs featured in the film, Feig said: "My favorite part of filmmaking

2375-510: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages The Heat (film) The Heat is a 2013 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Paul Feig and written by Katie Dippold . It stars Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy , with Demián Bichir , Marlon Wayans , Michael Rapaport , and Jane Curtin in supporting roles. The film centers on FBI Special Agent Sarah Ashburn and Boston Detective Shannon Mullins, who must take down

2470-505: Is especially true in all developing countries, such as Honduras , but is also an issue for many developed countries worldwide. In the late 1990s in the United States the Federal Bureau of Investigation estimated that 5% of murders were drug-related. In Colombia, drug violence can be caused by factors such as the economy, poor governments, and no authority within law enforcement. After a crackdown by US and Mexican authorities in

2565-439: Is finding the perfect music to complement what's happening on screen. And I wanted The Heat to feel like a party. I wanted the audience to have fun. And since I have to watch a movie hundreds of times as I'm making it, I wanted to use music that I wouldn't get tired of. Every song in this film is a desert island song for me. I will never get sick of them." While originally intended to be released on April 5, 2013, Fox pushed back

2660-592: Is often laundered in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal . According to the Africa Economic Institute, the value of illicit drug smuggling in Guinea-Bissau is almost twice the value of the country's GDP . Police officers are often bribed. A police officer's normal monthly wage of $ 93 is less than 2% of the value of 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of cocaine (€7000 or $ 8750). The money can also be laundered using real estate. A house

2755-659: Is supposed to address the problem, not apportion blame. Though street-level drug sales are widely viewed as lucrative, a study by Sudhir Venkatesh suggested that many low-level employees receive low wages. In a study he made in the 1990s working closely with members of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation in Chicago , he found that one gang (essentially a franchise ) consisted of a leader (a college graduate named J.T.), three senior officers, and 25 to 75 street level salesmen ('foot soldiers') depending on season. Selling crack cocaine , they took in approximately $ 32,000 per month over

2850-495: Is to blame for her bad attitude. The next morning Ashburn discovers that she has given her car away to a bar patron, but when he starts the car, it explodes. Julian has escaped from custody and intends to harm Mullins' family, so Mullins moves them into a motel. Jason tries to join the Larkin organization in to help Mullins solve the case. He gives her a tip about a drug shipment coming in. Despite Mullins' reluctance, Ashburn calls in

2945-471: The 4th Armoured Division expanded captagon production and trafficking from Syria into a "business model controlled by the regime". In 2022, 90% of all captagon pills manufactured in Syria exported by drug cartels affiliated with Assad regime arrived at its customer destinations across the world. Although hundreds of millions of pills were intercepted and seized by police forces, these accounted only for 10% of

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3040-700: The Assad regime and Hezbollah . A joint investigation conducted by Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project and BBC News Arabic published a documentary in June 2023, revealing further details about the activities of regime officials, Ba'athist military commanders and Assad family members in their involvement in Syria's drug cartel. The investigation found that Lebanese criminal and drug kingpin Hassan Daqou collaborated with Syria's Fourth Armoured Division on trafficiking billions of dollars of drugs, under

3135-647: The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution banned alcohol in the United States . Prohibition proved almost impossible to enforce and resulted in the rise of organized crime, including the modern American Mafia , which identified enormous business opportunities in the manufacturing, smuggling and sale of illicit liquor. The beginning of the 21st century saw drug use increase in North America and Europe, with

3230-630: The Fourth Armoured Division , directly supervises the production, smuggling and profiteering of the drug business. Already suffering from severe financial problems as a result of corruption and civil war, profits from Captagon are said to be the "lifeline" of the Assad regime, through which it earns more than 90% of its total revenue. The smugglers receive direct training from Syrian military to successfully conduct trafficking operations. Republican Guard , commanded by Maher al-Assad

3325-535: The Merida Initiative , to help combat drug trafficking in Mexico. This program increased US security assistance to $ 1.4 billion over several years, which helped supply Mexican forces with "high-end equipment from helicopters to surveillance technology". Despite US aid, Mexican "narcogangs" continue to outnumber and outgun the Mexican Army , allowing for continued activities of drug cartels across

3420-715: The Narcosobrinos incident , Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro 's two nephews were found guilty of trying to ship drugs into the United States so they could "obtain a large amount of cash to help their family stay in power". According to a research conducted by the Israel-based Abba Eban Institute as part of an initiative called Janus Initiative, the main routes that Hezbollah uses for smuggling drugs are from Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil into West Africa and then transported through northern Africa into Europe. This route serves Hezbollah in making

3515-666: The National Defence Forces and Hezbollah also consume illegal drugs in large quantities. In July 2023, German police busted a major captagon network run by two Syrian-born men in southern German state of Bavaria . Assad regime sponsors the largest Captagon production network in Syria; which is the source of about 80% of total captagon supply in the world. In an investigative report published by The Insider news-outlet in 2024, journalist Yuriy Matsarsky stated: "...Captagon produced in underground labs—and in actual Syrian pharmaceutical facilities—is distributed to

3610-579: The US–Mexico border . Although narcotics are illegal in the US, they have become integrated into the nation's culture and are seen as a recreational activity by sections of the population. Illicit drugs are considered to be a commodity with strong demand, as they are typically sold at a high value. This high price is caused by a combination of factors that include the potential legal ramifications that exist for suppliers of illicit drugs and their high demand. Despite

3705-740: The death penalty (in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and elsewhere). In December 2005, Van Tuong Nguyen , a 25-year-old Australian drug smuggler, was hanged in Singapore after being convicted in March 2004. In 2010, two people were sentenced to death in Malaysia for trafficking 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of cannabis into the country. Execution is mostly used as a deterrent, and many have called upon much more effective measures to be taken by countries to tackle drug trafficking; for example, targeting specific criminal organisations that are often also active in

3800-471: The spec script on the side while fulfilling writing duties on Parks and Recreation and, ultimately, it sold to producer Peter Chernin for $ 600,000 prior to even being presented to prospective bidders. Inspired by the buddy cop film genre, primarily examples such as Running Scared (1986) and Lethal Weapon (1987), Dippold set out to write a film in which the leads were portrayed by women. As Dippold explains: "[In] Running Scared , they go down to

3895-532: The 1970s. As of 2022, the Syrian government finances the biggest multi-billion dollar drug trade in the world, mostly focused on an illegal drug known as Captagon , making it the world's largest narco-state . Its revenues from Captagon smuggling alone is estimated to worth 57 billion dollars annually in 2022, which is approximately thrice the total trade of all Mexican cartels. General Maher al-Assad , younger brother of Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad and commander of

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3990-520: The 1980s and 90s, drug-related homicide was at a record high. This increase in drug violence became increasingly tied to these ethnic minorities. Though the rate of violence varied tremendously among cities in America, it was a common anxiety in communities across urban America. An example of this could be seen in Miami, a city with a host of ethnic enclaves. Between 1985 and 1995, the homicide rate in Miami

4085-507: The Andean countries, including Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The underground market in the early half of the 20th century mainly had ties to Europe. After World War II, the Andean countries saw an expansion of trade, specifically with cocaine. The Ba'athist government of Syria ruled by the Al-Assad family is known for its extensive involvement in drug trade since

4180-542: The Caribbean and there's this montage of them on scooters, and there's a different hot girl on the back every time it cuts back to the scooter. And it just felt like, I don't want to be the girl on the back of the scooter. I want to be the awesome cop doing this stuff." Despite the success of Bridesmaids (2011), studio executives were still uncertain of an action film with a female-led cast. "There were people suspicious of this attempt, who thought girls won't want to see

4275-572: The FBI, which discovers that it is only a pleasure cruise ship. Larkin shoots Jason for informing the FBI about the supposed drug shipment. Jason is rendered comatose. Mullins and Ashburn fall out, with Mullins vowing to bring her brother's attacker to justice. They reconcile after arresting several drug dealers while trying to ascertain Larkin's whereabouts. The women equip themselves with assault weapons from Mullins's personal arsenal, and infiltrate one of Larkin's warehouses, but are captured and bound. Julian

4370-423: The Larkin case for months. A surveillance video in the DEA agents' van shows that Mullins's brother, Jason, whom Mullins had herself busted for drug-crimes and has recently been released from prison, appears to be connected to Larkin. Ashburn convinces Mullins to visit her parents' home to ask Jason for information on Larkin. The family is angry with Mullins for arresting her brother, but Jason tips Mullins off about

4465-619: The National Institute for the Combat of Drugs in Mexico. From 1995 to 1998, President Zedillo established policies regarding increased punishment of organized crime, allowing "[wire taps], protected witnesses, covert agents and seizures of goods", and increasing the quality of law enforcement at the federal level. From 2001 to 2005, President Vicente Fox created the Federal Agency of Investigation . These policies resulted in

4560-416: The United States market originated from Mexico, and by the 2000s, over 90% of the cocaine in the United States was imported from Mexico. In Colombia, however, there was a fall of the major drug cartels in the mid-1990s. Visible shifts occurred in the drug market in the United States. Between 1996 and 2000, US cocaine consumption dropped by 11%. In 2008, the US government initiated another program, known as

4655-521: The United States to intervene in activities related to illegal drug transport in Latin America. Continuing into the 1980s, the United States instated stricter policy pertaining to drug transit through sea. As a result, there was an influx in drug-trafficking across the Mexico–US border , which increased the drug cartel activity in Mexico. By the early 1990s, so much as 50% of the cocaine available in

4750-633: The United States, had, as of 2011, the highest murder rate in the world. According to the International Crisis Group , the most violent regions in Central America, particularly along the Guatemala–Honduras border, are highly correlated with an abundance of drug trafficking activity. In several countries, the illegal drug trade is thought to be directly linked to violent crimes such as murder and gun violence. This

4845-464: The United States, around 195 cities have been infiltrated by drug trafficking that originated in Mexico. An estimated $ 10bn of the Mexican drug cartel's profits come from the United States, not only supplying the Mexican drug cartels with the profit necessary for survival, but also furthering America's economic dependence on drugs. With a large wave of immigrants in the 1960s and onwards, the United States saw an increased heterogeneity in its public. In

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4940-518: The United States, drug cartels in Mexico see a $ 25–30 bn yearly profit, a great deal of which circulates through international banks such as HSBC . Drug cartels are fundamental in local economics. A percentage of the profits seen from the trade are invested in the local community. Such profits contribute to the education and healthcare of the community. While these cartels bring violence and hazards into communities, they create jobs and provide income for its many members. Major cartels saw growth due to

5035-558: The actors who portray the Mullins family; and one with the original Mystery Science Theater 3000 crew. The Heat grossed $ 159.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $ 70.3 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $ 229.9 million, against a production budget of $ 43 million. Deadline Hollywood calculated the film made a net profit of $ 61.8 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues. The film earned $ 39.1 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at

5130-407: The arrests of major drug-trafficking bosses: Over the past few decades drug cartels have become integrated into Mexico's economy. Approximately 500 cities are directly engaged in drug trafficking and nearly 450,000 people are employed by drug cartels. Additionally, the livelihood of 3.2 million people is dependent on the drug cartels. Between local and international sales, such as to Europe and

5225-419: The banking industry from collapse. He claimed he had seen evidence that the proceeds of organized crime were "the only liquid investment capital" available to some banks on the brink of collapse during 2008. He said that a majority of the $ 352 billion (£216bn) of drug profits was absorbed into the economic system as a result: "In many instances, the money from drugs was the only liquid investment capital. In

5320-403: The body of a murdered drug dealer. Chemicals on the victim's shoes lead the women to an abandoned paint factory, where they witness a drug dealer being murdered by Julian Vincent, second-in-command of Larkin's organization. They apprehend Julian, but get no information on Larkin's whereabouts. The women spend the evening bonding in a bar. A drunk Ashburn reveals that her history as a foster child

5415-484: The box office behind Monsters University . On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 66%, based on 183 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads: " The Heat is predictable, but Melissa McCarthy is reliably funny and Sandra Bullock proves a capable foil." On Metacritic , the film has a score of 60 out of 100 based on reviews from 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave

5510-418: The central government as was done with the PRI party, drug cartels utilized new ways to distribute their supply and continued operating through force and intimidation. As Mexico became more democratized, the corruption fell from a centralized power to the local authorities. Cartels began to bribe local authorities, thus eliminating the structure and rules placed by the government—giving cartels more freedom. As

5605-425: The command of General Ghassan Bilal, the right-hand man of Maher al-Assad . The report also unearthed Hezbollah 's close participation in the drug production and smuggling networks. The Fourth Armoured Division, being an elite military unit permitted to move freely across Assad regime's checkpoints, oversees the smuggling operations from Syria, including the trafficking of cash, weapons, illegal drugs, etc. Days after

5700-423: The constant effort by politicians to win the war on drugs , the US is still the world's largest importer of illegal drugs. Throughout the 20th century, narcotics other than cocaine also crossed the Mexican border, meeting the US demand for alcohol during the 1920s Prohibition , opiates in the 1940s, marijuana in the 1960s, and heroin in the 1970s. Most of the US imports of drugs come from Mexican drug cartels. In

5795-466: The continuous development of new markets. A large amount of drugs are smuggled into Europe from Asia. The main sources of these drugs are Afghanistan , along with countries that constituted the so-called Golden Crescent . From these producers, drugs are smuggled into the West and Central Asia to its destinations in Europe and the United States. Iran is now a common route for smugglers, having been previously

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5890-556: The creation of new platforms such as Silk Road 2.0, which were also shut down. Statistics about profits from the drug trade are largely unknown due to its illicit nature. An online report published by the UK Home Office in 2007 estimated the illicit drug market in the UK at £4–6.6 billion a year. In December 2009 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Executive Director Antonio Maria Costa claimed illegal drug money saved

5985-467: The demand for illicit drugs in certain areas of the United States. Large-scale drug trafficking is one of the capital crimes , and may result in a death sentence prescribed at the federal level when it involves murder. A large generation, the baby boomers , came of age in the 1960s. Their social tendency to confront the law on specific issues, including illegal drugs, overwhelmed the understaffed judicial system. The federal government attempted to enforce

6080-404: The departure of the DEA from Venezuela and the expansion of DEA's partnership with Colombia in 2005, Venezuela became more attractive to drug traffickers. Between 2008 and 2012, Venezuela's cocaine seizure ranking among other countries declined, going from being ranked fourth in the world for cocaine seizures in 2008 to sixth in the world in 2012. On 18 November 2016, following what was known as

6175-493: The drug cartels and allowed drug trafficking to grow under the protection of the government officials. During the 1990s, the PRI lost some elections to the new National Action Party (PAN). Chaos again emerged as elected government in Mexico changed drastically. As the PAN party took control, drug cartel leaders took advantage of the ensuing confusion and used their existing influence to further gain power. Instead of negotiating with

6270-471: The drug industry while weakening the efforts of law enforcement to monitor the flow of drug money into the legitimate economy. Cooperation among cartels expands their scope to distant markets and strengthens their abilities to evade detection by local law enforcement. Additionally, criminal organizations work together to coordinate money-laundering activities by having separate organizations handle specific stages of laundering process. One organization structures

6365-466: The drug was not previously popular." The effects of the illegal drug trade in the United States can be seen in a range of political, economic and social aspects. Increasing drug related violence can be tied to the racial tension that arose during the late 20th century along with the political upheaval prevalent throughout the 1960s and 70s. The second half of the 20th century was a period when increased wealth, and increased discretionary spending, increased

6460-457: The fighters of Bashar Assad's army . Interestingly, however, the quantities the country produces far exceed its own military’s demand. ... By some estimates, this business gives Syria more money than its entire legal export, and the regime constantly works to increase its profits, primarily by expanding its market reach. To this end, criminal gangs associated with Damascus or Hezbollah have built distribution networks for Captagon in countries where

6555-440: The film On May 19, 2012, director Paul Feig and actresses Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy signed on to the film, after previously struggling to close deals due to scheduling and payment conflicts. At this time, the film was called The Untitled Female Buddy Cop Comedy . Principal photography for The Heat began on July 5, 2012, at then-Dudley Square (now Nubian Square ) in Boston , Massachusetts . The soundtrack

6650-503: The film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale. Positive reviews lauded Bullock and McCarthy’s comedic performances. Critic Christy Lemire wrote: “the first produced script from Katie Dippold gives her a smart, inspired and wickedly funny foundation from which to work, and she and Bullock enjoy gangbusters chemistry with each other.” Wesley Morris wrote in Grantland : “My skepticism going in had to do with The Heat being

6745-466: The first decade of the 21st century as part of tightened border security in the wake of the September 11 attacks , border violence inside Mexico surged. The Mexican government estimates that 90% of the killings are drug-related. A report by the UK government's Drug Strategy Unit that was leaked to the press, stated that due to the expensive price of highly addictive drugs heroin and cocaine, drug use

6840-568: The first film. Illegal drug trade The government of the Qing dynasty issued edicts against opium smoking in 1730, 1796 and 1800. The West prohibited addictive drugs throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Beginning in the 18th century, British merchants from the East India Company began to illegally sell opium to Chinese merchants, and by the early 19th century, an illegal drug trade in China emerged. As

6935-457: The floor whilst tied to her chair and he falls. Julian then grabs Ashburn and threatens to slit her throat as Mullins raises a gun. Ashburn head butts Julian backwards and incapacitates him. The duo race to the hospital to save Jason. There, Mullins searches for Jason; Ashburn, hindered by her stab wound, lags behind. Mullins finds Jason's room, but is disarmed by Larkin, who is about to kill Jason. Ashburn, however, subdues Larkin by shooting him in

7030-475: The former opium-producing countries of Thailand , Iran , and Pakistan . After the 1990s, particularly after the end of the Cold War (1991), borders were opened and trading and customs agreements were signed so that the routes expanded to include China, Central Asia, and Russia. There are, therefore, diversified drug trafficking routes available today, particularly in the heroin trade and these thrive due to

7125-589: The genitals. Ashburn requests to stay in the FBI's Boston field office , and has developed a strong friendship with Mullins. Jason fully recovers from his coma. Mullins receives a commendation from the Boston Police Department. Members of her family are present, and they all cheer for her. Mullins has signed the back of Ashburn's yearbook, "Foster kid, now you have a sister". The Heat is screenwriter Katie Dippold 's feature film debut. Dippold wrote

7220-400: The large amount of baby boomers, commercial marijuana use was on the rise. This increased the supply and demand for marijuana during this time period. Corruption in Mexico has contributed to the domination of Mexican cartels in the illicit drug trade. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Mexico's political environment allowed the growth of drug-related activity. The loose regulation over

7315-627: The law, but with meager effect. Marijuana was a popular drug seen through the Latin American trade route in the 1960s. Cocaine became a major drug product in the later decades. Much of the cocaine is smuggled from Colombia and Mexico via Jamaica. This led to several administrations combating the popularity of these drugs. Due to the influence of this development on the US economy, the Reagan administration began "certifying" countries for their attempts at controlling drug trafficking. This allowed

7410-408: The process of how financial transactions will be laundered, while another criminal group provides the "dirty" money to be cleaned. By fostering expansion of trade and global transportation networks, free trade encourages cooperation and formation of alliances among criminal organizations across different countries. The drug trade in Latin America emerged in the early 1930s. It saw significant growth in

7505-501: The publication of the joint BBC-OCCRP documentary; Assad government banned all activities of BBC media outlets and entry of affiliated media personnel in Syria. The extensive involvement of Syrian Armed Forces in sponsorship of drug production and trade has led to pervasive drug addiction problems amongst pro-Assad soldiers. In many instances, military officials encourage the soldiers to consume Captagon and other illegal drugs, leading to overdose or drug abuse. Pro-Assad fighters in

7600-476: The release date to June 28, 2013. The film held its world premiere in New York City on June 23, 2013. It was released to theaters in the United States on June 28, 2013. The first official full-length trailer of the film was released on October 27, 2012. The Heat was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on October 15, 2013. The Blu-ray features an unrated version of the film, along with several audio commentaries : one with McCarthy and director Feig; one with

7695-413: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title The Heat . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Heat&oldid=1077582185 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

7790-432: The second half of 2008, liquidity was the banking system's main problem and hence liquid capital became an important factor ... Inter-bank loans were funded by money that originated from the drugs trade and other illegal activities...there were signs that some banks were rescued that way". Costa declined to identify countries or banks that may have received any drug money, saying that would be inappropriate because his office

7885-719: The seizure of approximately nine million devices and drugs, including large quantities of fake COVID-19 tests and face masks. The countries of drug production and transit are some of the most affected by the trade, though countries receiving the illegally   imported substances are also adversely affected. For example, Ecuador has absorbed up to 300,000 refugees from Colombia who are running from guerrillas, paramilitaries and drug lords. While some applied for asylum, others are still illegal immigrants. The drugs that pass from Colombia through Ecuador to other parts of South America create economic and social problems. Honduras , through which an estimated 79% of cocaine passes on its way to

7980-589: The sheer volume of legal cross-border trade and provides cover for drug smuggling—by providing ample opportunity to conceal illicit cargo in legal trade. While international free trade continues to expand the volume of legal trade, the ability to detect and interdict drug trafficking is severely diminished. Towards the late 1990s, the top ten seaports in the world processed 33.6 million containers. Free trade has fostered integration of financial markets and has provided drug traffickers with more opportunities to launder money and invest in other activities. This strengthens

8075-471: The smuggling of other goods (i.e. wildlife) and even people. In many cases, links between politicians and the criminal organisations have been proven to exist. In June 2021, Interpol revealed an operation in 92 countries that shut down 113,000 websites and online marketplaces selling counterfeit or illicit medicines and medical products a month earlier, led to the arrests of 227 people worldwide, recovered pharmaceutical products worth $ 23 million, and led to

8170-432: The structure and operation of the illicit drug industry is described mainly in terms of an international division of labor. Free trade can open new markets to domestic producers who would otherwise resort to exporting illicit drugs. Additionally, extensive free trade among states increases cross-border drug enforcement and coordination between law enforcement agencies in different countries. However, free trade also increases

8265-499: The total captagon exports of the drug cartels linked to the Assad regime. In 2020, Italian police seized 84 million captagon pills originating from Syrian ports while intercepting a single shipment. In June 2023, US State Department 's Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs published a detailed report to the US Congress , elucidating a strategy to eliminate the narcotics production, drug trafficking and drug cartel networks affiliated with

8360-455: The trailer for giving the impression that this was a less funny film. Shortly after the film's release, director Feig announced that the film would be followed by a sequel . In October 2013, Bullock stated that she will not return for the sequel and the project itself was put on hold. Instead, the sequel was reportedly being replaced by a spin-off film that will centre around Jamie Denbo and Jessica Chaffin 's characters Beth and Gina from

8455-538: The transportation of illegal drugs and the failure to prosecute known drug traffickers and gangs increased the growth of the drug industry. Toleration of drug trafficking has undermined the authority of the Mexican government and has decreased the power of law enforcement officers in regulation over such activities. These policies of tolerance fostered the growing power of drug cartels in the Mexican economy and have made drug traders wealthier. Many states in Mexico lack policies that establish stability in governance. There also

8550-467: The world. Penalties often depend on the type of drug (and its classification in the country into which it is being trafficked), the quantity trafficked, where the drugs are sold and how they are distributed. If the drugs are sold to underage people, then the penalties for trafficking may be harsher than in other circumstances. Drug smuggling carries severe penalties in many countries. Sentencing may include lengthy periods of incarceration, flogging and even

8645-540: Was forced to allow British merchants to sell Indian-grown opium. Trading in opium was lucrative, and smoking it had become common for the Chinese in the 19th century, so British merchants increased trade with the Chinese. The Second Opium War broke out in 1856, with the British joined this time by the French . The Treaty of Tianjin , which concluded that conflict, stipulated that the Chinese authorities would open further ports to foreign trade, including opium. In 1868, as

8740-406: Was one of the highest in the nation—four times the national homicide average. This crime rate was correlated with regions with low employment and was not entirely dependent on ethnicity. The baby boomer generation also felt the effects of the drug trade in their increased drug use from the 1960s to 80s. Along with substance use, criminal involvement, suicide and murder were also on the rise. Due to

8835-479: Was one of the main Ba'athist military divisions that was engaged in perpetrating brutal crackdowns and mass violence against protestors across the country. In 2018, Bashar al-Assad assigned Maher as the commander of the 4th Armoured Division, a military unit that supervised Assad regime's criminal enterprises like smuggling, drug trafficking, narcotics production and plunder of goods and resources. Under Maher's supervision,

8930-458: Was really important to me. Because I didn't want to do a romantic comedy. Even Bridesmaids had the romantic elements to it with the Chris O'Dowd relationship, which worked great. What I liked about this one was that it didn't have any of that. It's just two professional women in the workforce who are great at their jobs and who are on this adventure. — Paul Feig , explaining what drew him to

9025-821: Was responsible for the great majority of crime, including 85% of shoplifting, 70–80% of burglaries and 54% of robberies. It concluded "[t]he cost of crime committed to support illegal cocaine and heroin habits amounts to £16 billion a year in the UK" Heroin is increasingly trafficked from Afghanistan to Europe and America through eastern and southern African countries. This path is known as the "southern route" or "smack track". Repercussions of this trade include burgeoning heroin use and political corruption among intermediary African nations. Cocaine produced in Colombia and Bolivia increasingly has been shipped via West Africa (especially in Nigeria , Cape Verde , Guinea-Bissau , Cameroon , Mali , Benin , Togo , and Ghana ). The money

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