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112-564: Featuring a style that incorporates psychedelic music and hard rock , the release has received critical acclaim both when it came out as well as in later years. For example, AllMusic critic Bruce Eder stated that, though "highly derivative" of their first album , The Second had "very hard and edgy" tracks with the band "in excellent form". It became the band's highest-charting album on the Billboard 200 , reaching number three. The five tracks on side two after "Magic Carpet Ride" consist of

224-513: A Beast" with Madge saying, "Don't come in me, in me" repeatedly before she starts crying. In at least one bootleg version of the album, these words are very clear. Another example is found in Roger Waters ' 1992 album Amused to Death , on which Waters recorded a backward message, possibly critical of film director Stanley Kubrick , who had refused to let Waters sample a breathing sound from 2001: A Space Odyssey . The message appears in

336-468: A backmasked message "Satan, raised in hell, raised in hell, I'm gonna burn your soul, crush your bones, I'm gonna make you bleed, you gonna bleed for me." This is perhaps the earliest instance of a true backtracked message referencing Satan. During the Judas Priest subliminal message trial, lead singer Rob Halford admitted to recording the words "In the dead of the night, love bites" backwards into

448-571: A backmasked message in the Beatles song " Revolution 9 " fueled the Paul is dead urban legend. Since at least the early 1980s, Christian groups in the United States alleged that backmasking was being used by prominent rock musicians for Satanic purposes, leading to record-burning protests and proposed anti-backmasking legislation by state and federal governments during the 1980s, as part of

560-408: A companion version of their album The Odd Couple , an instrumental album called elpuoc ddo eht , consisting of the original album, fused into a single 38:44-long track, and reversed. This album can be legally obtained by owners of the original, as it is meant to complement it, and be a resource to samplers. The B-side of the 1966 Napoleon XIV single " They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa! "

672-587: A continuous medley. All tracks are written by John Kay , except where indicated. Album - Billboard (United States) Singles - Billboard (United States) Psychedelic music Psychedelic film Psychedelic music (sometimes called psychedelia ) is a wide range of popular music styles and genres influenced by 1960s psychedelia , a subculture of people who used psychedelic drugs such as DMT , LSD , mescaline , and psilocybin mushrooms , to experience synesthesia and altered states of consciousness . Psychedelic music may also aim to enhance

784-550: A curated music playlist can be part of a favourable setting. Backmasking Backmasking is a recording technique in which a message is recorded backward onto a track that is meant to be played forward. It is a deliberate process, whereas a message found through phonetic reversal may be unintentional. Artists have used backmasking for artistic, comedic and satiric effect, on both analogue and digital recordings. It has also been used to censor words or phrases for "clean" releases of explicit songs. In 1969, rumors of

896-593: A darker and more political edge than much psychedelic rock. Psychedelic soul was pioneered by Sly and the Family Stone with songs like "" I Want to Take You Higher " (1969), and The Temptations with "Cloud Nine", " Runaway Child, Running Wild " (1969) and " Psychedelic Shack " (1969). Psychedelic rap is a microgenre which fuses hip hop music with psychedelia. Pioneers included New York's Native Tongues collective, headlined by De La Soul , Jungle Brothers and A Tribe Called Quest , and Shock G . Though

1008-480: A distinctive brand of electronic rock , known as kosmische musik , or in the British press as "Krautrock". Their adoption of electronic synthesisers, along with the musical styles explored by Brian Eno in his keyboard playing with Roxy Music , had a major influence on subsequent development of electronic rock . The incorporation of jazz styles into the music of bands like Soft Machine and Can, also contributed to

1120-565: A humorous self-parody and tribute to Lennon, the surviving Beatles inserted a backmasked clip of Lennon saying "Turned out nice again" at the very end of the song. Pink Floyd dropped a backmasked message into "Empty Spaces": The first line may refer to former lead singer Syd Barrett , who is thought to have had a nervous breakdown years earlier. In "Weird Al" Yankovic 's "Nature Trail to Hell", from 1984's "Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D , Yankovic's backmasked voice declares that " Satan eats Cheez Whiz ". Another early example can be found on

1232-413: A message yo for the suckas / Play that record backwards / And go fuck yourself". The backwards messages in the song include, "clean your room", "do your homework", "don't stay out too late", and "eat your vegetables". WWE wrestler Al Snow had a theme song that had backmasking in it. The song was mostly instrumental, but at one point a clearly audible voice can be heard saying a line of gibberish. When

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1344-445: A portion of the song purportedly results in words beginning with "Here's to my sweet Satan" ( listen ). Swan Song Records issued a statement to the contrary: "Our turntables only play in one direction—forwards." Led Zeppelin vocalist Robert Plant denied the accusations in an interview: "To me it's very sad, because 'Stairway to Heaven' was written with every best intention, and as far as reversing tapes and putting messages on

1456-522: A professional tape recorder. The Sound Recorder utility, included with Microsoft Windows from Windows 95 to Windows XP , allows one-click audio reversal, as does popular open source sound editing software Audacity . Following the growth of the Internet , backmasked message searchers used such software to create websites featuring backward music samples, which became a widely used method of exploring backmasking in popular music. In January 2014,

1568-515: A scene with a similar visual aesthetic to earlier rave music, emphasizing visual effects: glowsticks , neon and other lights were common, and followers of the scene often dressed in extremely bright and fluorescent coloured clothing. Synthedelia is the fusion of psychedelia , electronic music , and avant-garde music , originating in the 1960s. Set and setting are critical in the design of psychiatric facilities and modalities of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies . Research has shown that

1680-518: A short backwards message, included by the band in response to allegations of Satanism that were surrounding them at the time. Between the songs " The Trooper " and "Still Life" is inebriated drummer Nicko McBrain doing an impression of Idi Amin Dada : "'What ho', sed de t'ing wid de t'ree bonce [said the thing with the three heads]. Don't meddle wid t'ings you don't understand," followed by a belch . Prince 's controversial song " Darling Nikki " includes

1792-495: A tape running in reverse. For live concerts, the guitar parts were played live on stage using a backward emulator. The Beatles song " Free as a Bird " was originally composed and recorded in 1977 as a home demo by John Lennon. In 1995 a studio version of the recording, incorporating contributions from Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, was released as a new single from The Beatles Anthology 1 project, 25 years after their break-up and 15 years after Lennon's death. In

1904-461: A variety of music styles from the 2000s characterized by mellow beats , vintage synthesizers , and lo-fi melodies, including chillwave , glo-fi , and hypnagogic pop . These three terms were described as interchangeable by the Quietus , along with other terms "dream-beat" and "hipster-gogic pop." Altogether, they may be viewed as a type of synth-based psychedelic music. The term "chillwave"

2016-613: A variety of styles. Acknowledging this, author Michael Hicks explains: To understand what makes music stylistically "psychedelic," one should consider three fundamental effects of LSD: dechronicization, depersonalization , and dynamization. Dechronicization permits the drug user to move outside of conventional perceptions of time. Depersonalization allows the user to lose the self and gain an "awareness of undifferentiated unity." Dynamization , as [Timothy] Leary wrote, makes everything from floors to lamps seem to bend, as "familiar forms dissolve into moving, dancing structures"... Music that

2128-587: Is a reversed version of the entire forwards record, titled "!aaaH-aH ,yawA eM ekaT oT gnimoC er'yehT". The forward version reached #3 in the US charts and #4 in the UK. Seattle-based grunge band Soundgarden parodied the phenomenon of Satanic backmasking on their 1989 album Ultramega OK . When played backwards, the songs "665" and "667" reveal a song about Santa Claus . Matthew Sweet 's 1999 album In Reverse includes reversed guitar parts which were played directly onto

2240-446: Is believed to be the first hit record to contain backmasking. The Beatles , who began incorporating musique concrète -inspired tape manipulation techniques into their recordings in the mid-1960s, were responsible for popularizing the concept of backmasking. Singer John Lennon and producer George Martin both claimed that they had discovered the backwards recording technique during the recording of 1966's Revolver (specifically

2352-483: Is dead " rumor popularized the idea of backmasking in popular music . After Gibb's show, many more songs were found to contain phrases that sounded like known spoken languages when reversed. Initially, the search was done mostly by fans of rock music . In the late 1970s, during the rise of the Christian right in the United States, fundamentalist Christian groups began to claim that backmasked messages could bypass

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2464-539: Is derived from its internet origins and ethereal style. The rave scene emphasized house , acid house and techno . The rave genre "hardcore" first appeared amongst the UK acid movement during the late 1980s at warehouse parties and other underground venues, as well as on UK pirate radio stations . The genre would develop into oldschool hardcore , which led to newer forms of rave music such as drum and bass and 2-step , as well as other hardcore techno genres, such as gabber , hardstyle and happy hardcore . In

2576-528: Is often a strong emphasis on extended instrumental segments or jams . There is a strong keyboard presence, in the 1960s especially, using electronic organs, harpsichords , or the Mellotron , an early tape-driven 'sampler' keyboard. Elaborate studio effects are often used, such as backwards tapes , panning the music from one side to another of the stereo track, using the "swooshing" sound of electronic phasing , long delay loops and extreme reverb . In

2688-418: Is often used interchangeably with the term "stoner rock" to describe this genre; however, not all stoner rock bands would fall under the descriptor of "desert rock". Stoner rock is typically slow-to-mid tempo and features a heavily distorted , groove -laden bass -heavy sound, melodic vocals, and "retro" production. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Monster Magnet and

2800-599: Is perhaps best described as a mixture of 70s disco and 60s psychedelia". Derived from acid house and techno music, it developed in Germany and the Netherlands with singles including "Energy Flash" by Joey Beltram and "The Ravesignal" by CJ Bolland . This was followed by releases by Robert Leiner, Sun Electric , Aphex Twin and most influentially the techno-trance released by the Harthouse label, including

2912-513: Is playing the song backwards. One such message was included by "Weird Al" Yankovic in " I Remember Larry ", from the 1996 album Bad Hair Day , on which Yankovic lightly chastises the listener with the backmasked remark, "Wow, [you] must have an awful lot of free time on your hands". Similarly, the B-52's song "Detour Through Your Mind", from the 1986 LP Bouncing off the Satellites , contains

3024-440: Is reversed, creating the "ish" sound; therefore, the official version says "if you want this good ish". Backmasking is also used to censor the word " joint " in the video for " You Don't Know How It Feels " by Tom Petty , resulting in the line "Let's roll another tnioj". Artists who have been accused of backmasking include Led Zeppelin , the Beatles , Pink Floyd , Electric Light Orchestra , Queen , Styx , Judas Priest ,

3136-407: Is the third studio album by Scottish rock band Primal Scream released in 1991. The album marked a significant departure from the band's early indie rock sound, drawing inspiration from the blossoming house music scene and associated drugs such as LSD and MDMA . It won the first Mercury Music Prize in 1992, and has sold over three million copies worldwide. AllMusic states: "Aside from

3248-415: Is to reverse an entire instrumental track. John Lennon originally wanted to do so with " Rain ", but objections by producer George Martin and bandmate Paul McCartney cut the backward section to 30 seconds. Danish band Mew 's 2009 album No More Stories... contains a track, "New Terrain", which, when listened to in reverse, reveals a new song, entitled "Nervous". Soul duo Gnarls Barkley released

3360-442: Is truly "psychedelic" mimics these three effects. A number of features are quintessential to psychedelic music. Eastern instrumentation, with a particular fondness for the sitar and tabla , is common. Songs often have more disjunctive song structures, key and time signature changes, modal melodies, and drones than contemporary pop music. Surreal , whimsical, esoterically or literary-inspired lyrics are often used. There

3472-452: The I Love Lucy episode "Home Movies", Lucy makes an audition film that features clips that are played backwards. In the 1973 film The Exorcist , a tape of noises from the possessed victim was discovered to contain a message when the tape was played backwards. This scene might have inspired subsequent copycat musical effects. Stanley Kubrick used "Masked Ball", an adaptation by Jocelyn Pook of her earlier work "Backwards Priests" (from

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3584-487: The Antichrist ". Involved in the discussion on the bill was a California State Assembly Consumer Protection and Toxic Materials Committee hearing, during which "Stairway to Heaven" was played backwards, and William Yaroll testified. The successful bill made the distribution of records with undeclared backmasking an invasion of privacy for which the distributor could be sued. The Arkansas law, which referenced albums by

3696-538: The California bands Fu Manchu , Kyuss and Sleep . Neo-psychedelia (or "acid punk") is a diverse style of music that originated in the 1970s as an outgrowth of the British post-punk scene. Its practitioners drew from the unusual sounds of 1960s psychedelic music, either updating or copying the approaches from that era. Neo-psychedelia may include forays into psychedelic pop, jangly guitar rock, heavily distorted free-form jams, or recording experiments. Some of

3808-607: The Church of Satan to place backmasked messages on records, and fundamentalist Christian pastor Gary Greenwald held public lectures on dangers of backmasking and at least one mass record-smashing event. During the same year, thirty North Carolina teenagers, led by their pastor, claimed that singers had been possessed by Satan, who used their voices to create backward messages, and held a record-burning at their church. Allegations of demonic backmasking were also made by social psychologists , parents, and critics of rock music, as well as

3920-645: The Manson Family to The Beatles songs such as " Helter Skelter " contributed to an anti-hippie backlash. The Altamont Free Concert in California, headlined by the Rolling Stones and Jefferson Airplane on December 6, 1969, did not turn out to be a positive milestone in the psychedelic music scene, as was anticipated; instead, it became notorious for the fatal stabbing of a black teenager Meredith Hunter by Hells Angels security guards. By

4032-602: The Parents Music Resource Center , which accused Led Zeppelin of using backmasking to promote Satanism . One result of the furor was the firing of five radio DJs who had encouraged listeners to search for backward messages in their record collections. A more serious consequence was legislation by the state governments of Arkansas and California . The 1983 California bill was introduced to prevent backmasking that "can manipulate our behavior without our knowledge or consent and turn us into disciples of

4144-455: The Satanic panic movement of the time. Many popular musicians were accused of including backmasked messages in their music. However, apparent backmasked messages may in fact be examples of pareidolia (the brain's tendency to recognize patterns in meaningless data), coincidental phonetic reversal , or as deliberate responses to the allegations themselves. The backwards playing of records

4256-571: The conscious mind and reach the unconscious mind , where they would be accepted subliminally by the listener. In 1981, Christian DJ Michael Mills began stating on Christian radio programs that Led Zeppelin 's " Stairway to Heaven " contained hidden Satanic messages that were heard by the unconscious. In 1982, the Trinity Broadcasting Network 's Paul Crouch hosted a show with self-described neuroscientist William Yarroll, who argued that rock stars were cooperating with

4368-509: The "post-psychedelic hard rock/ heavy metal styles" that emerged had "a weaker connection to the hippie ethos" and "strongly emphasized the blues progression ". Psychedelic rock, with its distorted guitar sound, extended solos, and adventurous compositions, had been an important bridge between blues-oriented rock and the later emergence of metal. Two former guitarists with the Yardbirds , Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page , moved on to form key acts in

4480-620: The "squelchy" sounds and deep basslines produced by the Roland TB-303 synthesizer. As singles began to reach the UK the sound was re-created, beginning in small warehouse parties held in London in 1986–87. During 1988 in the Second Summer of Love it hit the mainstream as thousands of clubgoers travelled to mass raves. The genre then began to penetrate the British pop charts with hits for M/A/R/R/S , S'Express , and Technotronic by

4592-409: The "trip" in trip hop was more linked to dub music than psychedelia, the genre combined psychedelic rock with hip hop. Cloud rap is a subgenre of rap that has several sonic characteristics of trap music and is known for its hazy, dreamlike and relaxed production style. Rapper Lil B and producer Clams Casino have been identified as the early pioneers of the style. The term "cloud rap"

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4704-445: The 1960s there was a use of electronic instruments such as early synthesizers and the theremin . Later forms of electronic psychedelia also employed repetitive computer-generated beats. From the second half of the 1950s, Beat Generation writers like William Burroughs , Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg wrote about and took drugs, including cannabis and Benzedrine , raising awareness and helping to popularise their use. In

4816-506: The 1960s. In the era of magnetic tape sound recording , backmasking required that the source reel-to-reel tape actually be played backwards, which was achieved by first being wound onto the original takeup reel, then reversing the reels so as to use that reel as the source (this would reverse the stereo channels as well). Backmasked words are unintelligible when played forward, but when played backwards are clear speech. Listening to backmasked audio with most turntables requires disengaging

4928-489: The 1969 Woodstock Festival , which saw performances by most of the major psychedelic acts, including Jimi Hendrix , Janis Joplin , Jefferson Airplane and Santana . By the end of the 1960s, the trend of exploring psychedelia in music was largely in retreat. LSD was declared illegal in the United States and the United Kingdom in 1966. The linking of the murders of Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca by

5040-692: The 1970s. King Crimson 's album In the Court of the Crimson King (1969), has been seen as an important link between psychedelia and progressive rock. While some bands such as Hawkwind maintained an explicitly psychedelic course into the 1970s, most bands dropped the psychedelic elements in favour of embarking on wider experimentation. As German bands from the psychedelic movement moved away from their psychedelic roots and placed increasing emphasis on electronic instrumentation, these groups, including Kraftwerk , Tangerine Dream , Can and Faust , developed

5152-448: The 2010s, artists such as Bassnectar , Tipper and Pretty Lights dominated the more mainstream psychedelic cultures. "Raves" became much larger and grew to mainstream appeal. In Britain in the 2000s (decade), the combination of indie rock with dance-punk was dubbed "new rave" in publicity for Klaxons , and the term was picked up and applied by the NME to a number of bands. It formed

5264-399: The Beatles , Pink Floyd , Electric Light Orchestra , Queen and Styx , and mandated that records with backmasking include a warning sticker, passed unanimously in 1983, but was vetoed by Bill Clinton and failed a second vote to override his veto. United States House Resolution 6363, introduced in 1982 by Representative Bob Dornan , proposed mandating a similar label federally; the bill

5376-407: The Beatles song " Revolution 9 " contained a backward message confirming the rumor. Gibb played the song backwards on his turntable, and heard the phrase "turn me on, dead man". Gibb began telling his listeners about what he called "The Great Cover-up", and listeners cited other alleged backmasked phrases, including "Paul is a dead man, miss him, miss him, miss him", on " I'm So Tired ". The " Paul

5488-428: The Beatles' 1968 album (unofficially known as The White Album ), and Led Zeppelin's 1971 album , for which "there is up to this day no consensus about the title". According to him, post-psychedelic musicians like Brian Eno and Robert Fripp "explicitly advocated" this disconnection between the artist and their work or stardom. "In so doing", he adds, "they laid the foundations for a central tendency of post-punk " in

5600-457: The Eagles , The Rolling Stones , Jefferson Starship , AC/DC , Black Oak Arkansas , Rush , Britney Spears , and Eminem . Electric Light Orchestra was accused of hiding a backward Satanic message in their 1974 album Eldorado . The title track, " Eldorado ", was said to contain the message "He is the nasty one / Christ, you're infernal / It is said we're dead men / Everyone who has

5712-453: The Fugees ' clean version of the album The Score contains various backmasked profanities ; thus, when playing the album backwards, the censored words are clearly audible among the backward gibberish. When used with the word "shit", this type of backmasking results in a sound similar to "ish". As a result, " ish " became a euphemism for "shit". Iron Maiden used a similar technique on

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5824-657: The Gamblers ' 1960 surf instrumental "LSD 25". The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators , released in October 1966, was one of the first rock albums to include the word "psychedelic" in its title. Two other bands also used the word in titles of LPs released in November 1966: The Blues Magoos ' Psychedelic Lollipop , and the Deep 's Psychedelic Moods . At the same time, a more avant-garde development came with

5936-402: The J. Geils Band track "No Anchovies, Please", from 1980s album Love Stinks . The message, disguised as a foreign-sounding language spoken under the narration, is, "It doesn't take a genius to tell the difference between chicken shit and chicken salad." Belgian act Poésie Noire included a satirical backmasked message on their 1988 album Tetra saying "You fucking asshole, play the record in

6048-481: The Music . " Down Home Town " begins with a voice twice repeating (in reverse) "Face the mighty waterfall". And the opening instrumental " Fire On High " contains the backmasked message "The music is reversible, but time is not. Turn back! Turn back! Turn back! Turn back!" ( listen ). In 1983, ELO released an entire album, Secret Messages , in response to the controversy. Among the many backmasked messages on

6160-572: The Stone Roses , Happy Mondays , Inspiral Carpets , the Charlatans and 808 State . The rave -influenced scene is widely seen as heavily influenced by drugs, especially ecstasy ( MDMA ). At that time, the Haçienda nightclub, co-owned by members of New Order , was a major catalyst for the distinctive musical ethos in the city that was called the Second Summer of Love . Screamadelica

6272-462: The Vatos", a satire on claims of Satanism in their music. At the end of " Before I Forget " by Slipknot , lead singer Corey Taylor 's voice can be heard saying "You're wasting it" which is in reference to how Rick Rubin , the producer of their album Vol. 3: The Subliminal Verses , wanted Taylor to change the chorus vocal melody because he felt it wasn't catchy; however, Taylor stood his ground and

6384-569: The Warlocks, known as the psychedelic symphony . The Pranksters helped popularise LSD use, through their road trips across America in a psychedelically decorated converted school bus, which involved distributing the drug and meeting with major figures of the beat movement, and through publications about their activities such as Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test in 1968. San Francisco had an emerging music scene of folk clubs, coffee houses and independent radio stations that catered to

6496-505: The accompanying instrumental score incidentally being reversed. In 1959, a vocal group called The Eligibles released a record called "Car Trouble", which contains two nonsense passages. When reversed, they reveal the phrases "And you can get my daughter back by 10:30, you bum!" and (perhaps inevitably) "Now, lookit here, cats, stop running these records backwards!". Peaking at #107 on the Billboard magazine charts that summer, "Car Trouble"

6608-611: The album Flood) featuring reversed Romanian chanting, as the background music for the masquerade ball scene in Eyes Wide Shut . Backmasking was also parodied in a 2001 episode of the television series The Simpsons titled " New Kids on the Blecch ". Bart Simpson joins a boy band called the Party Posse, whose song "Drop da Bomb" includes the repeated lyric "Yvan eht nioj". Lisa Simpson becomes suspicious and plays

6720-412: The album are: "Welcome to the big show" (2x); "Thank you for listening"; "Look out there's danger ahead"; "Hup two three four"; "Time After Time"; and "You're playing me backwards". Styx also released an album in response to allegations of Satanic backmasking: 1983's Kilroy Was Here , which deals with an allegorical group called the "Majority for Musical Morality" that outlaws rock music. A sticker on

6832-650: The album cover contains the message, "By order of the Majority for Musical Morality, this album contains secret backward messages", and the song "Heavy Metal Poisoning" does in fact contain the backmasked Latin words " Annuit cœptis , Novus ordo seclorum " ("[God] has favored our undertakings; a new order for the ages")—part of the Great Seal which encircles the pyramid on the back of the American dollar bill . Iron Maiden 's 1983 album Piece of Mind features

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6944-429: The album tracks " Tomorrow Never Knows " and " I'm Only Sleeping ") and the single " Rain ". Lennon stated that, while under the influence of marijuana , he accidentally played "Rain" in reverse and enjoyed the sound. After sharing the results with the other Beatles, the effect was used on tape loops and the guitar solo on "Tomorrow Never Knows" and later on Lennon's vocals in the coda of "Rain". According to Martin,

7056-566: The backmasked message, "Hello, how are you? I am fine, because I know that the Lord is coming soon." The Waitresses ' 1982 EP I Could Rule the World if I Could Only Get the Parts included a backwards masking warning on the cover and a message masked within the song "The Smartest Person I Know": "Anyone who believes in backwards masking is a fool." Some messages chastise or poke fun at the listener who

7168-493: The backmasking controversy peaked in the 1980s, the general belief in subliminal manipulation became more widespread in the United States during the following decade, with belief in Satanic backmasking on records persisting into the 1990s. At the same time, the development of sound editing software with audio reversal features simplified the process of reversing audio, which previously could only be done with full fidelity using

7280-415: The band had been experimenting with changing the speeds of and reversing the "Tomorrow Never Knows" tapes, and Martin got the idea of reversing Lennon's vocals and guitar, which he did with a clip from "Rain". Lennon then liked the effect and kept it. "Rain" was the first Beatles song to feature a backmasked message: "Sunshine... Rain... When the rain comes, they run and hide their heads" ( listen ;

7392-576: The chorus stayed unchanged. Artists often use backmasking of sounds or instrumental audio to produce interesting sound effects. One such sound effect is the reverse echo . When done on tape, such use of backmasking is known as reverse tape effects . Backmasking has been used for artistic effect by Missy Elliott (" Work It ", ), Jay Chou (" You Can Hear " ) At the Drive-In (" 300 MHz " ), Klaatu (" Anus of Uranus "/" Silly Boys ", ) and Lacuna Coil (" Self Deception " ) A related technique

7504-469: The concept albums of Pink Floyd and the virtuosic instrumentation of Emerson, Lake and Palmer and Yes . "Early-1970s post-psychedelic rock was hatched in small or medium-sized structures", he adds, naming record labels such as Virgin Records , Island Records , and Obscure Records . Many of the British musicians and bands that had embraced psychedelia moved into creating the progressive rock genre in

7616-572: The contingent of artists associated with Frank Zappa , including The Mothers of Invention , Captain Beefheart , Wild Man Fischer , The GTOs , and Alice Cooper . According to musicologist Frank Hoffman, post-psychedelic hard rock emerged from the varied rock scene, distinguished by more "cinematic guitar stylings and evocative lyric imagery", as in the music of Led Zeppelin , Black Sabbath , and Robin Trower . Music scholar Edward Macan notes that

7728-449: The development of the emerging jazz rock sound of bands such as Colosseum . Another development of the post-psychedelic era was more freedom with marketing of the artist and their records, such as with album artwork. Tandt identifies a recording artist's preference for anonymity in the economic market through the design of record sleeves having limited information about the musician or the record; he cites Pink Floyd's early 1970s albums,

7840-515: The devil for, when you ought to be looking for the Lord?" Bloodhound Gang 's 1996 controversy-begging track "Lift Your Head Up High (And Blow Your Brains Out)" mocked the Judas Priest controversy directly, and included the backmasked phrase "Devil child, wake up and eat Chef Boyardee Beefaroni ". The band Mindless Self Indulgence released a song titled "Backmaskwarning!", which contains the forward lyrics "Play that record backwards / Here's

7952-421: The drive and rotating the album by hand in reverse (though some can play records backwards). With magnetic tape , the tape must be reversed and spliced back into the cassette. Compact discs were difficult to reverse when first introduced, but digital audio editors , which were first introduced in the late 1980s and became popular during the next decade, allow easy reversal of audio from digital sources. In

8064-579: The early 1960s experimented with unusual recording techniques, including backwards tapes, and novel instrumental accompaniment including flute and sitar. His nineteen-minute "The Great San Bernardino Birthday Party" "anticipated elements of psychedelia with its nervy improvisations and odd guitar tunings". Similarly, folk guitarist Sandy Bull 's early work "incorporated elements of folk, jazz, and Indian and Arabic -influenced dronish modes". His 1963 album Fantasias for Guitar and Banjo explores various styles and "could also be accurately described as one of

8176-466: The early 1960s the use of LSD and other psychedelics was advocated by new proponents of consciousness expansion such as Timothy Leary , Alan Watts , Aldous Huxley and Arthur Koestler , and, according to Laurence Veysey , they profoundly influenced the thinking of the new generation of youth. The psychedelic lifestyle had already developed in California, particularly in San Francisco, by

8288-417: The early 1970s. Numerous spiritual successors followed in the ensuing decades, including progressive rock , krautrock , and heavy metal . Since the 1970s, revivals have included psychedelic funk , neo-psychedelia , and stoner rock as well as psychedelic electronic music genres such as acid house , trance music , and new rave . "Psychedelic" as an adjective is often misused, with many acts playing in

8400-454: The early 1990s, before giving way to the popularity of trance music. Trance music originated in the German techno and hardcore scenes of the early 1990s. It emphasized brief and repeated synthesizer lines with minimal rhythmic changes and occasional synthesizer atmospherics, with the aim of putting listeners into a trance-like state. A writer for Billboard magazine writes, "Trance music

8512-873: The early-'80s Paisley Underground movement and the Elephant 6 collective of the late 1990s, most subsequent neo-psychedelia came from isolated eccentrics and revivalists, not cohesive scenes." They go on to cite what they consider some of the more prominent artists: the Church , Nick Saloman 's Bevis Frond , Spacemen 3 , Robyn Hitchcock , Mercury Rev , the Flaming Lips , and Super Furry Animals . According to Treblezine ' s Jeff Telrich: " Primal Scream made [neo-psychedelia] dancefloor ready. The Flaming Lips and Spiritualized took it to orchestral realms. And Animal Collective —well, they kinda did their own thing." The Atlantic writer Llewellyn Hinkes Jones identified

8624-401: The end of the 1960s, many rock musicians had returned to the rootsy sources of rock and roll's origins, leading to what Barney Hoskyns called a "retrogressive, post-psychedelic music" development; he cited the country rock and blues/soul-inspired rock of the Rolling Stones , The Band , Delaney & Bonnie , Van Morrison , and Leon Russell . The first mention of LSD on a rock record was

8736-767: The end, that's not my idea of making music." Another widely known alleged message, "It's fun to smoke marijuana", in Queen 's song " Another One Bites the Dust ", is similarly disclaimed by the group's spokesperson. Various fundamentalist Christian groups have declared that Satan uses—or Satan-influenced musicians use—backmasked messages to subliminally alter behavior. Pastor Gary Greenwald claimed that subliminal messages backmasked into rock music induce listeners towards sex and drug use. Minister Jacob Aranza wrote in his 1982 book Backward Masking Unmasked that rock groups "are using backmasking to convey Satanic and drug related messages to

8848-572: The evolving sound of such artists, a number of which had songs of considerable success within independent music circles. Originally, it was common for the three terms to be used interchangeably, but chillwave later distinguished itself as a combination of dream pop , new age , muzak , and synth-pop . A 2009 review by Pitchfork ' s Marc Hogan for Neon Indian 's album Psychic Chasms referenced "dream-beat", "chillwave", "glo-fi", "hypnagogic pop", and "hipster-gogic pop" as interchangeable terms for "psychedelic music that's generally one or all of

8960-431: The experience of using these drugs and has been found to have a significant influence on psychedelic therapy . Psychedelia embraces visual art, movies, and literature, as well as music. Psychedelic music emerged during the 1960s among folk and rock bands in the United States and the United Kingdom, creating the subgenres of psychedelic folk , psychedelic rock , acid rock , and psychedelic pop before declining in

9072-410: The first backmasked video was released as part of a Grammy Awards promotional campaign. A customized video player allowed the user to watch a piece of film accompanied by a music soundtrack both forwards and backwards. The backwards content contained a hidden visual story and the words 'music unleashes you' embedded into the reversed audio track. Backmasking has been used as a recording technique since

9184-604: The following years, groups such as Parliament-Funkadelic continued this sensibility, employing synthesizers and rock-oriented guitar work into open-ended funk jams. Producer Norman Whitfield would draw on this sound on popular Motown recordings such as the Temptations ' " Cloud Nine " (1968) and Marvin Gaye 's " I Heard It Through the Grapevine " (1969). Influenced by the civil rights movement , psychedelic soul had

9296-530: The following: synth-based, homemade-sounding, 80s-referencing, cassette-oriented, sun-baked, laid-back, warped, hazy, emotionally distant, slightly out of focus." Following the late 1960s work of Jimi Hendrix , psychedelia began to have a widespread impact on African American musicians. Black funk artists such as Sly and the Family Stone borrowed techniques from psychedelic rock music, including wah pedals , fuzz boxes , echo chambers , and vocal distorters, as well as elements of blues rock and jazz . In

9408-596: The genre emerged as a mainstream and commercial force. Psychedelic rock reached its peak in the last years of the decade. From 1967 to 1968, it was the prevailing sound of rock music, either in the whimsical British variant, or the harder American West Coast acid rock . In America, the 1967 Summer of Love was prefaced by the Human Be-In event and reached its peak at the Monterey International Pop Festival . These trends climaxed in

9520-453: The last line is the first line of the song in reverse). The Beatles were involved in the spread of backmasking both as a recording technique and as the center of a controversy . The latter has its roots in an event in 1969, when WKNR-FM DJ Russ Gibb received a phone call from a student at Eastern Michigan University who identified himself as "Tom". The caller asked Gibb about a rumor that Beatle Paul McCartney had died, and claimed that

9632-512: The late 1970s, as evinced by the first four albums by The Cure (featuring blurry photographs of the band members) and Factory Records ' dark-colored covers with serial numbers. By the mid-1970s, post-psychedelic music's emphasis on musicianship had "laid itself bare to an iconoclastic rebellion", as Tandt described: "Mid-1970s punk rock, with its genuine or feigned ethos of musical crudeness, reinscribed rock's autonomy through cultural means opposite to those developed 10 years earlier." Along with

9744-501: The late 1980s, rave culture began to filter through from English expatriates and disc jockeys who would visit Continental Europe . American raves began in the 1990s in New York City . Acid house originated in the mid-1980s in the house music style of Chicago DJs like DJ Pierre , Adonis , Farley Jackmaster Funk and Phuture , the last of which coined the term on his " Acid Tracks " (1987). It mixed elements of house with

9856-435: The length of my hair. / How would you survive / If you were alive / shitty little person?" This profanity-laced verse, originally from the song "Mother People", was censored by Verve Records, so Zappa edited the verse out, reversed it, and inserted it elsewhere in the album as "Hot Poop" (though even in the backward message the word "fucking" is censored). On the same album, a backwards message can also be heard in "Harry, You're

9968-412: The mark will live." ELO singer and songwriter Jeff Lynne responded by calling this accusation (and the related charge of being "devil-worshippers") " skcollob ", and stating that the message "is absolutely manufactured by whoever said, 'That's what it said.' It doesn't say anything of the sort." The group included several backward messages in later albums in response to the accusations. In 1981, Styx

10080-489: The message, "I buried my parakeet in the backyard. Oh no, you're playing the record backwards. Watch out, you might ruin your needle." A similar message comes from the Canadian band Frozen Ghost from their 1987 self-titled debut album: "You are ruining your needle!" Meanwhile, Christian rock group Petra included in their song "Judas' Kiss", from the 1982 album More Power to Ya , the message, "What are you looking for

10192-608: The mid-1960s, with the first major underground LSD factory established by Owsley Stanley . From 1964, the Merry Pranksters , a loose group that developed around novelist Ken Kesey , sponsored the Acid Tests , a series of events involving the taking of LSD (supplied by Stanley), accompanied by light shows, film projection and discordant, improvised music by the Grateful Dead (financed by Stanley), then known as

10304-490: The much emulated "Acperience 1" (1992) by duo Hardfloor . Having gained some popularity in the UK in the early 1990s it was eclipsed by the appearance of new genres of electronic music such as trip hop and jungle , before taking off again towards the end of the decade and beginning to dominate the clubs. It soon began to fragment into a number of subgenres, including progressive trance , acid trance , goa trance , psychedelic trance , hard trance and uplifting trance . In

10416-445: The new blues rock-heavy metal genre, The Jeff Beck Group and Led Zeppelin, respectively. Other major pioneers of the heavy metal genre had begun as blues-based psychedelic bands, including Black Sabbath, Deep Purple , Judas Priest and UFO . According to American academic Christophe Den Tandt, many musicians during the post-psychedelic era adopted a stricter sense of professionalism and elements of classical music , as evinced by

10528-469: The normal way". Tenacious D includes the backmasked message "Eat Donkey Crap" at the end of "Karate" from their self-titled first album. Electric Light Orchestra and Styx , following their involvement in the 1980s backmasking controversy, released songs that parody the allegations made against them. ELO, after being accused of Satanic backmasking on their 1974 album Eldorado , included backmasked messages in two songs on their next album, 1975's Face

10640-645: The population of students at nearby Berkeley and the free thinkers that had gravitated to the city. There was already a culture of drug use among jazz and blues musicians, and in the early 1960s use of drugs including cannabis, peyote , mescaline and LSD began to grow among folk and rock musicians. One of the first musical uses of the term "psychedelic" in the folk scene was by the New York-based folk group The Holy Modal Rounders on their version of Lead Belly 's " Hesitation Blues " in 1964. Folk/avant-garde guitarist John Fahey recorded several songs in

10752-441: The psychedelic, folk rock, and British rhythm and blues styles that preceded it, the music of the post-psychedelic era later became associated with the classic rock category. Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of heavy metal and/or doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock . The name references cannabis consumption. The term desert rock

10864-476: The radio edit of their " Holy Smoke " single, in which there are two rare instances of profanity in their lyrics, which were reversed to give "Flies around tish/Bees around honey" and "I've lived in filth, I've lived in sin/And I still smell cleaner than the tish you're in". In Britney Spears ' 2011 song " Till the World Ends ", Spears says "if you want this good shit". However, on the official version, "shit"

10976-655: The scene's bands, including the Soft Boys , the Teardrop Explodes , and Echo & the Bunnymen , became major figures of neo-psychedelia. The early 1980s Paisley Underground movement followed neo-psychedelia. Originating in Los Angeles, the movement saw a number of young bands who were influenced by the psychedelia of the late 1960s and all took different elements of it. The term "Paisley Underground"

11088-420: The song " Perfect Sense Part 1 ", in which Waters' backmasked voice says, "Julia, however, in light and visions of the issues of Stanley, we have changed our minds. We have decided to include a backward message, Stanley, for you and all the other book burners." On the other hand, backmasking can be used to censor words and phrases deemed inappropriate on radio edits and " clean " album releases. For example,

11200-590: The song backward, revealing the backmasked message "Join the Navy", which leads her to realize that the boy band was created as a subliminal recruiting tool for the United States Navy. In the episode titled " Lisa the Vegetarian " Lisa Simpson is told by Paul McCartney that playing his 1970 song " Maybe I'm Amazed " backwards will reveal "a recipe for a really rippin' lentil soup". A modified version of

11312-552: The song is played backward, the gibberish is actually saying: "I AM THE ONE IN CONTROL." The message played on Al Snow's character as an unstable mad man. Backmasking has been used to avoid censorship. On Frank Zappa's track " Hot Poop ", from We're Only in It for the Money (1968), the released version contains at the end of its side "A" the backmasked message "Better look around before you say you don't care. / Shut your fucking mouth 'bout

11424-450: The song plays in the final scene, then over the closing credits of the episode; when played backwards, McCartney can be heard reciting the recipe in the song. One of the backwards snippets says, "Oh, and by the way, I'm alive", a reference to the " Paul is dead " urban legend. The Futurama episode " Calculon 2.0 " also has a scene where an installation disc is played backward on what looks like an old fashioned gramophone player, with

11536-491: The start of the band's 1985 album Hell Awaits a deep backmasked voice repeatedly chanting "join us". Cradle of Filth , another band that has employed Satanic imagery, released a song entitled "Dinner at Deviant's Palace", consisting almost entirely of unusual sounds and a reversed reading of the Lord's Prayer . Oingo Boingo has a Christian message promoting salvation through Christ backmasked into one of their songs, "Cry of

11648-606: The top, and two ladies facing each other on the sides. But on side two, the side with the song (Snow Blind) it had a black label with a small hole cut out where you could place the eraser side of a pencil, and play the album backwards to hear the backward message. In 1983, the band released a concept album, Kilroy Was Here , satirizing the Moral Majority . A well-known alleged message is found in Led Zeppelin 's 1971 song " Stairway to Heaven ". The backwards playing of

11760-485: The track "Love Bites", from the 1984 album Defenders of the Faith . Asked why he recorded the message, Halford stated that "When you're composing songs, you're always looking for new ideas, new sounds." Backmasking has been used by heavy metal bands to deliberately insert messages in their lyrics or imagery. Bands have utilized Satanic imagery for commercial reasons. For example, thrash metal band Slayer included at

11872-445: The very first psychedelic records". Soon musicians began to refer (at first indirectly, and later explicitly) to the drug and attempted to recreate or reflect the experience of taking LSD in their music, just as it was reflected in psychedelic art , literature and film . This trend ran in parallel in both America and Britain and as part of the interconnected folk and rock scenes. As pop music began incorporating psychedelic sounds,

11984-414: The words "rise from the dead in the name of Satan" coming from it. Disney's Gravity Falls features an instance of backmasking, as the episode "Boyz Crazy" contains a plot device about a love song vinyl which contains mind controlling elements when played in reverse. On 19 April 1981, English extreme metal band Venom released the song " In League with Satan " (recorded January 1981) which included

12096-473: Was accused of putting the backward message "Satan move through our voices" on the song " Snowblind ", from Paradise Theatre . Guitarist James Young called these charges "rubbish," and responded, "If we want to make a statement, we'll do it in a way that people can understand us and not in a way where you have to go out and buy a $ 400 tape player to understand us." The vinyl reproduction of Paradise Theatre had laser etching on side one, spelling out Styx at

12208-461: Was advised as training for magicians by occultist Aleister Crowley , who suggested in his 1913 book Magick (Book 4) that an adept "train himself to think backwards by external means", one of which was to "listen to phonograph records, reversed". In the movie Gold Diggers of 1935 , the end of the dancing-pianos musical number, "The Words Are in My Heart," is filmed in reverse motion , with

12320-864: Was coined in July 2009 on the Hipster Runoff blog by Carles (the pseudonym used by the blog's author) on his accompanying "blog radio" show of the same name. Carles invented the genre name for a host of similarly sounding up-and-coming bands. In August 2009, "hypnagogic pop" was coined by journalist David Keenan to refer to a developing trend of 2000s lo-fi and post- noise music in which artists from varied backgrounds began to engage with elements of cultural nostalgia , childhood memory, and outdated recording technology. By 2010, albums by Ariel Pink and Neon Indian were regularly hailed by publications like Pitchfork and The Wire . The terms "hypnagogic pop", "chillwave", and "glo-fi" were soon adopted to describe

12432-508: Was later expanded to include others from outside the city. Madchester was a music and cultural scene that developed in the Manchester area of North West England in the late 1980s, in which artists merged alternative rock with acid house and dance culture as well as other sources, including psychedelic music and 1960s pop. The label was popularised by the British music press in the early 1990s, and its most famous groups include

12544-477: Was referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation and Tourism and never passed. Government action was also called for in the legislatures of Texas and Canada. With the advent of compact discs in the 1980s, but prior to the advent of sound editing technology for personal computers in the 1990s, it became more difficult to listen to recordings backwards, and the controversy died down. Although

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