75-502: The Virginia House-Wife is an 1824 housekeeping manual and cookbook by Mary Randolph . In addition to recipes it gave instructions for making soap, starch , blacking and cologne. The Virginia House-Wife was first published in 1824; it was republished at least nineteen times before the outbreak of the Civil War . The book was 225 pages long, included nearly 500 recipes, and resulted from Randolph's "practical experience as keeper of
150-549: A Revolutionary War officer and tobacco planter. The newlyweds lived at Presquile , a 750-acre plantation that was part of the Randolph family's extensive property in Chesterfield County, Virginia . Over the course of their marriage, Mary and David had eight children, four of whom survived to adulthood. Around 1795 President George Washington appointed David Randolph the U.S. Marshal of Virginia and by 1798,
225-723: A boarding house in Richmond. In March 1808, an advertisement appeared in The Richmond Virginia Gazette : "Mrs. RANDOLPH Has established a Boarding House in Cary Street, for the accommodation of Ladies and Gentlemen. She has comfortable chambers, and a stable well supplied for a few Horses." David was in England during the 1810 census which listed Mary as the head of a Richmond household that included nine slaves. In May 1815, Harriott Pinckney Horry spent
300-430: A citywide desegregation busing program. This ended in the 1990s. Many of the 47,000 residents who lived in the annexed area had been opposed to the action. They fought unsuccessfully for more than 7 years in the courts to have the agreement reversed. Some called the annexed 23 square miles (60 km ) area "Occupied Chesterfield." Many black residents of Richmond also opposed the annexation, claiming that it violated
375-481: A few days at the Randolph's boardinghouse and described Randolph's refrigerator in her journal. Inside a 4 by 3 1/2 foot box there was another box four inches smaller. The space between the two was packed with powdered charcoal and the refrigerator was filled with ice daily to cool butter, meat and other foods. In the 1825 2nd edition of her cookbook, Randolph included sketches for a refrigerator and bath tub. Years later an author claimed (falsely) that Randolph invented
450-612: A group of mine owners, including Nicholas Mills , Beverley Randolph and Abraham S. Wooldridge, resolved to build a tramway . (The Wooldridge brothers hailed from East Lothian and West Lothian in Scotland , and named their mining company Mid-Lothian, the source of the modern community name). In 1831, the Chesterfield Railroad opened as the first railroad in Virginia; it carried coal from mines near Falling Creek to
525-638: A key defensive point for Confederate forces to block the Union 's vastly superior Navy from taking Richmond by way of the James River. During the Siege of Petersburg (1864–65), a long defensive works through the county was part of the Confederacy's Richmond-Petersburg line of land defenses. Railroad lines passing through Petersburg finally proved the key to the fall of Richmond in 1865, effectively ending
600-452: A large establishment, and perhaps in the hope of further augmenting the family income." The Virginia House-Wife is considered the first regional American cookbook. According to historian Cynthia A. Kierner, "Randolph presented a southern — specifically, a Virginian — model for southern readers. Although her occasional explanations of uniquely southern foods suggests she anticipated an audience beyond her region, [Randolph's work] appealed to
675-486: A new administrative headquarters and an academy here. Prior to the American Revolutionary War , a thriving port town named Warwick was located at the northwestern confluence of Falling Creek and the James River. It was destroyed during that war, and not rebuilt. (Near the present-day DuPont facility at Ampthill , the site is not open to the public.) Another early port town was Port Walthall on
750-411: A new towne (according as I had instructions upon my departure) there to build whence might be removed the principal site." Today known as Farrars Island, the site was on a neck of land with 5,000 acres (20 km ) and a shoreline of seven miles (11 km) on the James River. The English settlers soon built a palisade and moat-like ditch to protect entrance to the 174-yard (159 m) wide neck from
825-418: A popular method of preservation in the mid-nineteenth century. Although Randolph was a knowledgeable cook, the majority of the labor in her kitchen was done by black women. While it is impossible to speculate on Randolph's relationship to these women, Melissa Blank of Colonial Williamsburg sees "evidence that enslaved cooks had a significant influence on how Mary prepared food." Karen Hess 's introduction to
SECTION 10
#1732801320590900-405: A population that was 59% white and 41% black. Soon after the ward system was established, the city elected its first black mayor. Many political leaders have long believed that Virginia's annexation laws have created a barrier to regional cooperation among localities. The issues resulting from the 1970 Richmond-Chesterfield case were considered prime examples of obstacles to regional cooperation as
975-518: A toll highway which paralleled U.S. 1 and U.S. Route 301 between the northern edge of Richmond and the southern limits of Petersburg. Its portion through Chesterfield County was the longest section of its mileage. Conceived prior to the creation of the Interstate Highway System , the roadway was made toll-free in 1992. The former Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike forms a vital portion of Interstate 95 in central Virginia, including
1050-702: Is chartered through a state law that allows cities and counties to create industrial or economic development authorities with wide-ranging powers not available to local governments in order to facilitate economic development opportunities within the community. CEDA has the power to buy, sell and develop land for business parks or other economic development purposes. It can also build facilities for sale or lease to private companies; issue taxable and tax-exempt Industrial Revenue Bonds to provide financing for facilities and machinery and provide incentives to attract new companies to Chesterfield County or to induce existing companies to expand. Top 25 Private Employers According to
1125-565: Is much sooner forgotten than an insult." Many years later, Chesterfield Cigarettes were named after this county. In 1939 during the Great Depression , the Virginia State Police moved their offices from downtown Richmond to a seven-room farmhouse located on 65 acres (260,000 m ) of land 3½ miles west on route 60. This structure served as administrative headquarters and barracks. The State Police have since built
1200-726: Is now Chesterfield County. That year Falling Creek Ironworks , the first in what is now the United States, was established slightly west on the creek near its confluence with the James River . In the Indian Massacre of 1622 , Native Americans destroyed Henrico City and the ironworks to try to drive away the English. These were not rebuilt. The colony did not gain a college until 1693, when the College of William and Mary
1275-479: Is part of the Greater Richmond Region , and the county refers to much of the northern portion of the county as " North Chesterfield ". During the early 17th century, shortly after the settlement of Jamestown in 1607, English settlers and explorers began settling other areas. One of the more progressive developments in the colony was Henricus , founded under the guidance of Sir Thomas Dale . It
1350-744: The Farmville and Powhatan Railroad , later renamed the Tidewater and Western Railroad , extended to Farmville in Prince Edward County . Although long gone, portions of the old rail bed may be seen along Beach Road near the entrance to Pocahontas State Park . A water stop station in the Park remains and Beach Station remains as a national historic landmark. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Drewry's Bluff became
1425-568: The Library of Virginia's " Virginia Women in History ". In 1999, the state of Virginia erected a historical marker in her honor near the site of her birth in Chesterfield County . Chesterfield County, Virginia Chesterfield County is a county located just south of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia . The county's borders are primarily defined by the James River to
1500-513: The National Voting Rights Act of 1965 . They said the city had deliberately diminished their voting power by adding the white voters of the annexed area, which diluted the black vote within the city. In 1970 the pre-annexation population of the city was 202,359, of which 104,207 or 52% were black citizens. The annexation added 47,262 people, of whom 45,705 were non-black and 1,557 were black. The total post-annexation population
1575-754: The Southern Railway in 1894. It is now part of Norfolk Southern Railway . The Richmond and Petersburg Railroad became part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad . In 1900, a mostly parallel line was built by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad , with a branch line to Hopewell . Through the restructuring of the railroad industry beginning in 1960, the CSX Transportation system eventually absorbed parts of both these lines. Manchester (directly across
SECTION 20
#17328013205901650-405: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 437 square miles (1,130 km ), of which 423 square miles (1,100 km ) is land and 14 square miles (36 km ) (3.1%) is water. Chesterfield County is largely bordered by two rivers which define miles of its boundaries. The major adjoining cities each originated at the head of navigation of these rivers, called the fall line . There,
1725-551: The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) built interstate, primary and secondary highways throughout the 20th century, they quickly filled with traffic as the population and use of autos increased. Customary funding sources were insufficient to raise the monies needed for highway construction. Opened in 1958 and funded through toll revenue bonds , the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike was
1800-415: The canals , turnpikes , bridges and railroads in Virginia, including the area which is now West Virginia . The Board partially engineered and funded new turnpikes, which were operated by private companies to collect tolls . The Manchester and Petersburg Turnpike, which preceded much of the current Jefferson Davis Highway (U.S. Routes 1–301), was one of these. To improve access to markets, in 1825,
1875-477: The coal mining area of Midlothian near the headwaters of Falling Creek and the James River port of Manchester . The current Midlothian Turnpike ( U.S. Route 60 ) generally follows the earlier route. Created in 1816, the Virginia Board of Public Works was a governmental agency which oversaw and helped finance the development of Virginia's internal transportation improvements, including canals, during
1950-501: The 1730s, the coal fueled the production of cannon at Westham (near the present Huguenot Memorial Bridge ) during the American Revolutionary War . In 1831, the Chesterfield Railroad was constructed to transport coal by gravity and mule power to Manchester, Virginia on the south side of the James River across from Richmond, Virginia . From the 1740s through the 1800s rivers above the Fall Line were used for transportation to
2025-538: The 1984 edition of the Virginia housewife notes "The black presence was infinitely more subtle in Virginia cookery than in that of New Orleans or the West Indies, but ... the culture was sufficiently imbued with it to condition the palate of the entire community. Hess cites gumbo , eggplant , field peas , yams and possibly tomatoes as crops that accompanied enslaved Black people to the Americas. Hess also notes
2100-571: The 19th century. In that era, it was customary to invest public funds in private companies, which were the forerunners of the public service and utility companies of modern times. Claudius Crozet (1789–1864), a civil engineer and educator who helped found the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), was Principal Engineer and later Chief Engineer for the Board of Public Works. He supervised the planning and construction of many of
2175-487: The 20th century, including one in 1944. The city tried to annex more of the county in 1970, an action that created controversy. While the annexation lawsuit filed by Richmond in 1965 was being heard, with the city seeking 51 square miles (132 km ) of the county, the leaders of the two jurisdictions, Irvin G. Horner, Chairman of the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, and Phil J. Bagley, Jr.,
2250-466: The Chesterfield residents were committed to individual auto use for most local, commuter, and through transportation of people. With the increases in population, traffic, and poor air quality, some residents have asked the county to fund commuter bus services. Further complicating the issue is the general lack of sidewalks along most roads, adding to residents' dependence on motor vehicles. Although
2325-649: The East with Ports on the Atlantic Ocean . A canal was built in the Manchester section of Chesterfield to enable transporting coal around the James River falls. Portions are extant and may be seen near the south end of Richmond's Mayo Bridge . The Manchester Turnpike in Chesterfield County, completed in 1807, was the first graveled roadway of any length in Virginia. The toll road ran between
The Virginia House-Wife - Misplaced Pages Continue
2400-570: The James River flows east to Richmond and then turns almost due south below the fall line for about 8 miles (13 km) before turning east, Henrico County encompasses much of Richmond's West End , North Side , and East End areas. Chesterfield County borders on the Appomattox River to the south. Much of the southern and eastern portions of the county are considered part of the Tri-Cities area, which includes Petersburg, located at
2475-509: The James River from the City of Richmond ) was the county seat of Chesterfield County from 1870 until 1876, when it was moved to the present location at Chesterfield Court House. The City of Manchester had meanwhile left Chesterfield in 1874 to become an independent city and merged with the City of Richmond by mutual agreement in 1910. It is now known as a part of South Richmond. Colonial Heights
2550-544: The Mayor of Richmond, met privately and agreed to a compromise. In May 1969, the city and Chesterfield County approved what was called the Horner-Bagley Compromise, incorporated in a court decree of July 12, 1969. This effectively shut out a number of third parties attempting to block the annexation, and they believed they had been excluded from the process. A small commuter bus company held operating rights in
2625-634: The Richmond area's high-speed open lanes, enabling vehicles to travel through at highway speeds with a Smart Tag or other compatible electronic toll collection transponder. The large, planned community of Brandermill , which includes a conference center, was named in 1977 the "best planned community in America" by Better Homes and Gardens magazine and the National Association of Homebuilders . The Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC), metro Richmond's bus transit organization, unveiled
2700-644: The Route 111 bus line in March 2020. The route runs 7.6 miles, from north of the Chippenham Parkway interchange to Brightpoint Community College in Chester. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is planning two superstreets in Chesterfield County to address left turns at high traffic volume intersections. Anticipated completion is in 2022. The Chesterfield County Planning Department oversees
2775-531: The War. A normal school founded by the state after the American Civil War primarily to help educate freed men eventually became Virginia State University , located in the Ettrick area near Petersburg and Colonial Heights . The U.S. Government rebuilt damaged railroads. After Reconstruction , Chesterfield County used Convict lease to build roads in 1878. The Richmond and Danville Railroad became part of
2850-504: The West Indies forged a connection between Spanish, French, Creole, and Southern cooking. Mary Randolph Mary Randolph (August 9, 1762 – January 23, 1828) was a Southern American cook and author, known for writing The Virginia House-Wife ; Or, Methodical Cook (1824), one of the most influential housekeeping and cook books of the 19th century. Many of the recipes used local Virginia ingredients including Tanacetum vulgare virginia pudding, pickled nasturtiums and desserts with
2925-733: The West with James River bateau , which could carry about a ton, and boats several times larger from Eppington . The Appomattox River on the Southern border was the lower end of the Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System connecting to Farmville, Virginia . The James River and Kanawha Canal on the northern border of Chesterfield connected past the Blue Ridge Mountains . Port Walthall connected ships that carried more than 200 tonnes to
3000-462: The annexed area were unhappy about this change, as Richmond Public Schools was already involved in a contentious racial desegregation lawsuit in the Federal courts because of its failure to integrate. The transferred schools included Huguenot High School , Fred D. Thompson Middle School, Elkhardt Middle School, and eight elementary schools. In 1971, the federal court ordered these schools included in
3075-619: The book also explained how to make soap, starch, blacking and cologne. Conventional wisdom has claimed that early Americans ate few vegetables and overcooked the few they did eat. The Virginia House-Wife gives recipes for dozens of vegetables and seventeen aromatic herbs. This dietary diversity can be confirmed with Thomas Jefferson's notes on the produce for sale in Washington's markets. Randolph specifically recommended short cooking times for asparagus and spinach; Karen Hess points out that overcooking didn't become common until canning became
The Virginia House-Wife - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-469: The controversy surrounding annexations in Virginia, in 1987, the General Assembly placed a moratorium on future annexations of any county by any city. When this moratorium expires, Chesterfield County remains immune from annexation by Richmond because of the 1981 state grant of immunity. Unless new revenue sharing or other agreements are reached, the county is at risk to annexation suits by any of
3225-420: The county from both cities, the county did not fund transit bus service when the large systems in Richmond and Petersburg converted to governmentally subsidized operations in the 1970s. Privately owned suburban bus services, such as that operated by Virginia Overland Transportation could not operate profitably, even when funded with start-up money through state demonstration program grants. County leaders believed
3300-442: The county, but the expanded city granted the franchise to a competitor. Richmond annexed 23 square miles (60 km ) of the county, including fire stations, parks, and other infrastructure, such as water and sewer lines. Under the agreement, the county school system also conveyed about a dozen public schools , support buildings, and future school sites to the City of Richmond to be operated by Richmond Public Schools . Residents of
3375-551: The docks at the fall line on the James River. By the early 1850s, railroad lines connecting these areas included the Richmond and Danville Railroad (R&D) (which put the Chesterfield Railroad out of business) and the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad . They were both completed before the American Civil War , in which they provided important transportation for Southern supplies and men. The Clover Hill Railroad
3450-676: The exit for State Route 150 (Chippenham Parkway) and includes major exits for U.S. Route 60 west of Richmond, and State Route 288 in the Midlothian area. The southern terminus of State Route 76 is near the Brandermill development. Today the Powhite Parkway features a new highspeed toll system that allows smart-tag and e-z pass holders to travel through at speeds of 45–50 mph. The Pocahontas Parkway, an 8.8-mile (14.2 km) toll road known as State Route 895 , connects
3525-505: The family had moved to Richmond, where they built a house called "Moldavia" (a combination of Molly, a nickname for Mary, and David). Mary Randolph was a celebrated hostess in Richmond . David Randolph was a Federalist and an open critic of his second cousin Thomas Jefferson . After Jefferson's election to the presidency, he removed David Randolph from office and the family's fortunes declined. In 1807, Mary Randolph opened
3600-538: The first curry recipes published in the United States and suggest curry was already a popular seasoning in the region. Specialties from other parts of the US included a recipe entitled "Dough Nuts - A Yankee Cake." The Virginia House-Wife also included the first fried chicken recipe published in the USA though this was a recipe without seasonings and the first ice cream recipe published by an American author. In addition to recipes
3675-425: The hillier and rockier Piedmont region falls to the sandy and mostly flat eastern coastal plain Tidewater region, a change which creates barriers for ships going upstream on the rivers. Chesterfield County includes areas of both regions. Richmond and Manchester were formed at the fall line of the James River. Most of the northern portion of Chesterfield County is part of what is called Richmond's "South Side" . As
3750-610: The junction of Interstate 95 and State Route 150 in Chesterfield County with Interstate 295 near Richmond International Airport in Henrico County , forming part of a southeastern bypass of Richmond. The roadway features the high-level Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge over the shipping channel of the James River downstream from the deep-water Port of Richmond, to allow ample clearance for ocean-going vessels. Although Route 895 had been planned for many years, sufficient state and federal construction funds were not available at
3825-465: The native gooseberry . She was the first person known to be buried at what would become known as Arlington National Cemetery . Mary Randolph was born on August 9, 1762, at Ampthill Plantation in Chesterfield County, Virginia . Her parents were Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. (1741–1794) and Anne Cary Randolph (1745–1789). The extended Randolph family was one of the richest and most political significant families in 18th century Virginia. Mary's father
SECTION 50
#17328013205903900-573: The north and the Appomattox River to the south. Its county seat is Chesterfield Court House . Chesterfield County was formed in 1749 from parts of Henrico County . It was named for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield , a prominent English statesman who had been the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . As of the 2020 census , the population was 364,548 making it the fourth-most populous county in Virginia (behind Fairfax , Prince William , and Loudoun , respectively). Chesterfield County
3975-498: The north shore of the Appomattox River , near the current Point-of-Rocks Park. Coal mining in the Midlothian area of Chesterfield County began in the 18th century. Around 1701, French Huguenot settlers to the area discovered coal. In a 1709 diary entry William Byrd II , the wealthy planter who had purchased 344 acres (1.4 km ) of land in the area, noted that "the coaler found the coal mine very good and sufficient to furnish several generations". Commercially mined beginning in
4050-593: The northernmost portion of Interstate 85 near Petersburg. The Powhite Parkway Extension of the Powhite Parkway in Richmond, Virginia (a toll road operated by the Richmond Metropolitan Authority ) was built and opened in 1988. The extension in Chesterfield County is operated by and the tolls are collected by VDOT. (The entire route in Richmond and Chesterfield is signed as Virginia State Route 76). The county extension begins at
4125-536: The parameters and scope of several economic development projects submitted in the county, including the development and implementation of the county's Master Plan that guides growth and commerce. The Planning Department introduced an online system in April 2020 to allow the submission and review of development plans via email. The county launched the new Community Facilities and Infrastructure tool in June 2020, which allows
4200-475: The refrigerator and that her design was stolen and patented by a Yankee who stayed in her boardinghouse. By 1819, the Randolphs had given up their boardinghouse and moved to Washington to live with their son William Beverly Randolph. While in Washington, Mary Randolph completed her cookbook and in 1824 The Virginia House-Wife was published. Randolph's influential housekeeping book The Virginia House-Wife
4275-495: The shore area. Dale named the new settlement Henricus in honor of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales , the elder son and heir apparent of King James I . When finished in 1619, "Henricus Citie" contained three streets of well-framed houses, a church, storehouses, a hospital, and watchtowers. 1619 was a watershed year for the Virginia Colony . Henrico and three other large citties (sic) were formed, one of which included what
4350-511: The smaller independent cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, and Petersburg which adjoin it. Beginning especially in the second half of the 20th century, Chesterfield grew exponentially, most of all as a commuter town of Richmond. The Richmond-Petersburg Interurban Electric Railway , local streetcar service, and commuter rail service of the Southern Railway to Bon Air had all ended by 1957. Although some bus routes extended into
4425-427: The standard for tomato cookery over the next three decades." In a 2014 essay for National Geographic , restaurateur José Andrés cited Mary Randolph as an influence. Andrés serves Randolph's gazpacho at his America Eats Tavern and believes that Randolph's "Gazpacho recipe demonstrates just how far back the notion of this country as a cultural melting pot goes." In 2009 Randolph was posthumously honored as one of
4500-501: The state legislators considered changes. In 1979, the Virginia General Assembly adopted legislation that allowed any county meeting certain population and density standards to petition the local circuit court to declare the county permanently immune from annexation. In 1981, Chesterfield County and several other counties in the state sought and received such immunity from further annexation by Richmond. Recognizing
4575-646: The time of construction, but the state encouraged innovative funding. In 1995, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Public-Private Transportation Act, to allow private entities to propose solutions for designing, constructing, financing and operating transportation improvements. A public-private partnership developed a proposal acceptable to the state. Since construction, the partnership has collected tolls to recover costs. The toll collection facility features one of
SECTION 60
#17328013205904650-478: The tracking of information related to the county's capital improvement plan including data regarding school enrollment. The Chesterfield Economic Development Authority (CEDA), a seven-member board appointed by the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, works in conjunction with the Department of Economic Development to create new jobs, expand the tax base and diversify the economy of Chesterfield County. CEDA
4725-609: The women of the rural South who were the majority of her readers." Randolph's recipes exhibited a uniquely Virginian style , using Virginia produce for dishes influenced by African, Native American, and European foods. The book included recipes for Southern classics such as okra, sweet potatoes, biscuits, fried chicken, barbecue shote (young pig), and lemonade. European influenced recipes included gazpacho , ropa vieja , polenta , and macaroni . Six curry recipes were included in The Virginia House-Wife; these were
4800-638: The years that followed. Two of the most important were The Kentucky Housewife by Lettice Bryan (1839) and The Carolina Housewife by Sarah Rutledge (1847). In 1982, James Beard praised Mary as "a far-seeing culinary genius" in The Richmond News Leader . He was particularly impressed by her use of tomatoes, writing "At a time when few people thought of tomatoes at all, she provided food recipes for tomato ketchup, tomato marmalade and tomato soy." According to culinary historian Andrew F. Smith, Randolph's wide range of tomato recipes "set
4875-444: Was 249,621 and 42% black. The plaintiffs prevailed in federal court. The city created an electoral ward system to ensure blacks did not lose their voting power, changing what had been a system of electing all city council positions at large (by which the majority population would more easily prevail). Under the ward system, four wards had a predominantly white population, four wards had a predominantly black population, and one ward had
4950-729: Was an overall household guide and in addition to recipes it also explained how to make soap, starch, blacking and cologne. Randolph spent the last years of her life caring for her son Burwell Starke Randolph, who had been disabled while serving in the Navy. Randolph was the first person known to be buried at what would become Arlington National Cemetery , at the home of her cousin George Washington Parke Custis , stepgrandson of George Washington and father of Mary Custis , wife of Robert E. Lee . Southern cookbooks similar to The Virginia House-Wife were published in
5025-522: Was awarded a royal charter in the capital. In 1634, the King of England directed the formation of eight shires (or counties ) in the colony of Virginia. One of these was Henrico County , which incorporated a large area on both sides of the James River. On May 25, 1749, the Virginia House of Burgesses separated Chesterfield from Henrico County and created the new county. The first county seat
5100-542: Was built to haul coal, mined in Chesterfield at the Clover Hill Pits to ports at Osborne's Landing. This railroad was replaced by the Brighthope Railway , which was, in 1881, narrowed into a narrow gauge railroad and rerouted to the tiny village of Bermuda Hundred , a port on the James River near the mouth of the Appomattox River . The Brighthope Railway was sold in foreclosure and restructured as
5175-509: Was established at Chesterfield Court House . It has continued as county seat except for 1870–1876, during Reconstruction , when the county government was located at Manchester . The latter community has been subsumed by South Richmond. The legislature named the county for the former British Secretary of State , Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield . Lord Chesterfield was famous for his "good manners and writings". One of his most frequently used sayings implies avoiding rudeness; "An injury
5250-432: Was first published in 1824 and it was republished at least nineteen times before the outbreak of the Civil War. The book was 225 pages long, included nearly 500 recipes, and resulted from Randolph's "practical experience as keeper of a large establishment, and perhaps in the hope of further augmenting the family income." The Virginia House-Wife is considered the first regional American cookbook. The Virginia House-Wife
5325-431: Was formerly an incorporated town in Chesterfield County and became an independent city in 1948. Over half a century later, the two neighbors continued to share provision of some governmental services. Chesterfield County shares borders with three independent cities and was long exposed to annexation suits from any of them under Virginia law. The county lost territory to the City of Richmond through several annexations in
5400-494: Was handed down to her daughter Jane Randolph Walke. Mary Randolph was the oldest of Thomas and Anne's 13 children. Her brother Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. married Martha Jefferson (daughter of Thomas Jefferson ) and became a Congressman and Governor of Virginia. One sister, Virginia Randolph Cary , was a noted essayist and another, Harriet, married Richard Shippey Hackley who became US Consul and they lived in Cadiz, Spain. She
5475-545: Was orphaned at a young age and raised by Thomas Jefferson's parents who were distant cousins. Her father also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses , the Revolutionary conventions of 1775 and 1776, and the Virginia state legislature. Anne Cary Randolph was the daughter of Archibald Cary , an important Virginia planter. Anne's grandmother, Jane Bolling Randolph completed a cookbook manuscript in 1743 which
5550-885: Was probably the source of the Spanish recipes in Randolph's cookbook. Her sister, Ann Cary "Nancy" Randolph , was the wife of Gouverneur Morris and mother of Gouverneur Morris Jr. Ann figured in a scandal involving her brother-in-law and distant cousin, Richard Randolph of Bizarre, in which he was accused of "feloniously murdering a child said to be borne of Nancy [Ann] Randolph." Randolph grew up at Tuckahoe Plantation in Goochland County, Virginia . The Randolphs were known to hire professional tutors to teach their children. Mary would likely have learned reading, writing, and arithmetic in addition to domestic skills. In December 1780, 18-year-old Mary Randolph married her first cousin once removed, David Meade Randolph (1760–1830),
5625-461: Was to include a college to help educate Virginia Indians , as well as the children of settlers. Dale was accompanied by men known as the "Hammours". These veterans of the Low Country wars were heavily armed and better trained than settlers of Jamestown. Dale wrote about the site: "Eighty miles up our river from Jamestown, I have surveyed a convenient, strong, healthie and sweete site to plant
#589410