75-577: The Whip Woman is a lost 1928 silent film produced and distributed by First National Pictures and directed by Joseph C. Boyle. The film starred Estelle Taylor , Antonio Moreno , Hedda Hopper and Lowell Sherman . Supporting actors including fifteen-year-old Loretta Young . Sari (Estelle Taylor), the titular whip-wielding woman, is a Hungarian peasant who intervenes to prevent Count Michael Ferrenzi (Antonio Moreno) from committing suicide. The grateful Count wants to marry Sari, but his aristocratic mother (Hedda Hopper) tries to stop their wedding. Sari and
150-614: A New Hampshire barn and donated to Keene State College . Beyond the Rocks (1922), with Gloria Swanson and Rudolph Valentino , was considered a lost film for several decades. Swanson lamented the loss of this and other films in her 1980 memoirs but optimistically concluded: "I do not believe these films are gone forever." In 2000, a print was found in the Netherlands and restored by the Nederlands Filmmuseum and
225-430: A home theater or theater room , is a home entertainment audio-visual system that seeks to reproduce a movie theater experience and mood using consumer electronics -grade video and audio equipment and is set up in a room or backyard of a private home. Some studies show that films are rated better and generate more intense emotions when watched in a movie theater, but convenience is a major appeal for home cinemas. In
300-446: A Blu-ray player from another manufacturer, speakers from another company, etc.) or a by purchasing a HTIB (Home Theater in a Box) package which includes all components from a single manufacturer, with the exception of a TV or projector. HTIB systems typically include a DVD or Blu-ray player, a surround sound amplifier, five surround speakers, a subwoofer cabinet, cables and a remote. The benefit of purchasing separate components one by one
375-490: A VHS HI-FI VCR , LaserDisc player (no new stand-alone models of either are available; VHS VCRs are usually bundled in combo decks with DVD players), a DVD player, a Blu-ray disc player, cable or satellite receiver, video game console, etc. Finally, a set of speakers, at least two, are needed but more common are anywhere from six to eight with a subwoofer for bass or low-frequency effects. The most expensive home cinema set-ups, which can cost over $ 100,000 US, and which are in
450-595: A black-and-white print until 1987, when a film archivist found an unmarked (mute) 35 mm reel in a Hollywood film laboratory with the negative trims of the unused scenes. Several films that would otherwise be entirely lost partially survive as stock footage used for later films. For example, the Universal Pictures short Boo! (1932) contains the only remaining footage of the Universal feature film The Cat Creeps (1930). However, UCLA still has
525-422: A chair (without creating high volume levels which could disturb other family members), and electric motors to adjust the chair. Home cinema seating tends to be more comfortable than seats in a public cinema. In homes that have an adequately sized backyard, it is possible for people to set up a home cinema in an outdoor area. Depending on the space available, it may simply be a temporary version with foldable screen,
600-627: A copy of a lost film is rediscovered. A film that has not been recovered in its entirety is called a partially lost film . For example, the 1922 film Sherlock Holmes was considered lost but eventually rediscovered with some of the original footage missing. Many film studios hired a still photographer to take pictures during production for potential publicity use. Some are produced in quantity for display use by theaters, others in smaller numbers for distribution to newspapers and magazines, and have subsequently preserved imagery from otherwise lost films. In some cases, such as London After Midnight ,
675-555: A copy of the soundtrack. The James Cagney film Winner Take All (1932) used scenes from the early talkie Queen of the Night Clubs (1929), starring Texas Guinan ; that footage is all that remains of the earlier film. Actress-turned-gossip columnist Hedda Hopper made her screen debut in the Fox film The Battle of Hearts (1916). Twenty-six years later, in 1942, Hopper produced her short series "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood #2". In
750-408: A film on nitrate base is said to have been "preserved", this almost always means simply that it has been copied onto safety film or, more recently, digitized , but both methods result in some loss of quality. Some pre-1931 sound films produced by Warner Bros. and First National have been lost because they used a sound-on-disc system with a separate soundtrack on special phonograph records. In
825-477: A higher-resolution screen image, improved sound quality and components that offer users more options (e.g., many of the more expensive Blu-ray players in the 2020s can also stream movies and TV shows over the Internet using subscription services such as Netflix ). The development of Internet-based subscription services means that 2020s-era home theatre users do not have to commute to a video rental store as
SECTION 10
#1732793858402900-414: A home cinema would look and sound like. Over the course of three days, retailers, manufacturers, and members of the consumer electronics press were exposed to the first home-like experience of combining a high-quality video source with multi-channel surround sound. That one demonstration is credited with being the impetus for developing what is now a multibillion-dollar business. In the early to mid-1990s,
975-459: A home cinema. Some home cinema seats have a cup holder built into the chairs' armrests and a shared armrest between each seat. Some seating has cinema-style chairs like those seen in a cinema, which feature a flip-up seat cushion. Other seating systems have plush leather reclining lounger types, with flip-out footrests. Available features include storage compartments, snack trays, tactile transducers for low-frequency effects that can be felt through
1050-540: A lack of native 4K content. While many DSP systems existed, DTS-HD Master Audio remained the studio standard for lossless surround sound encoding on Blu-ray, with five or seven native discrete channels. High-definition video projectors also continued to improve and decrease in price, relative to performance. As a result of continuing price reductions, large (up to 80'') TVs became a financially competitive alternative to video projectors in living room or even smaller dedicated room setups. Technologies such as local dimming and
1125-514: A large number of his silent works to a vault fire in the early 1940s. In March 2019, the National Film Archive of India reported that 31,000 of its film reels had been lost or destroyed. An improved 35 mm safety film was introduced in 1949. Since safety film is much more stable than nitrate film, comparatively few films were lost after about 1950. However, color fading of certain color stocks and vinegar syndrome threaten
1200-580: A more cinematic feeling. By the mid-2010s, the Blu-ray Disc medium had become a common home media standard, and online video streaming sources such as Netflix, Hulu and YouTube were offering a range of high-definition content, including some 4K content (although various compression technologies are applied to make this streamed content feasible). The first 4K Blu-ray discs were released in 2016. By this point, 4K TVs and computer monitors were rapidly declining in price and increasing in prevalence, despite
1275-606: A number of reasons. Early films were not thought to have value beyond their theatrical run, so many were discarded afterward. Nitrate film used in early pictures was highly flammable and susceptible to degradation. The Library of Congress began acquiring copies of American films in 1909, but not all were kept. Due to improvements in film technology and recordkeeping, few films produced in the 1950s or beyond have been lost. Rarely, but occasionally, films classified as lost are found in an uncataloged or miscataloged archive or private collection, becoming "rediscovered films". During most of
1350-650: A powerful projector, a laptop or DVD player, outdoor speakers or an FM transmitter to broadcast the audio to other car radios . In the 1920s the first home cinemas were made using silent 16mm film projectors such as Kodascope and Filmo . Later, in the 1930s, 8mm and sound 16mm were introduced. These were rare luxuries. In the 1950s, home movies became more popular in the United States and elsewhere as Kodak 8 mm film ( Pathé 9.5 mm in France) and camera and projector equipment became affordable. Projected with
1425-577: A price that rivals a big-screen HDTV. In the 2000s, developments such as high-definition video , Blu-ray disc (as well as the now-obsolete HD DVD format, which lost the format war to Blu-ray) and newer high-definition 3D display technologies enabled people to enjoy a cinematic feeling in their own home at a more-affordable price. Newer lossless audio from Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD High-Resolution Audio and DTS-HD Master Audio and speaker systems with more audio channels (such as 6.1, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.2 , and 22.2 ) were also introduced for
1500-442: A projector enclosed in its own projection booth , specialized furniture, curtains in front of the projection screen , movie posters, or a popcorn or vending machine with snack food and candy. More commonly, real dedicated home theaters pursue this to a lesser degree. As of 2016, the days of the $ 100,000 and over home cinema system are being usurped by the rapid advances in digital audio and video technologies, which has spurred
1575-498: A rapid drop in prices, making a home cinema set-up more affordable than ever before. This in turn has brought the true digital home theater experience to the doorsteps of the do-it-yourselfers , often for much less than the price of a low-budget economy car. As of 2016, consumer-grade A/V equipment can meet some of the standards of a small modern commercial cinema (e.g., THX sound). Home cinema seating consists of chairs or sofas specifically engineered and designed for viewing movies in
SECTION 20
#17327938584021650-527: A simpler and more flexible substitute. The development of multi-channel audio systems and LaserDisc in the 1980s added new dimensions for home cinema. The first-known home cinema system was designed, built and installed by Steve J. LaFontaine as a sales tool at Kirshmans furniture store in Metairie, Louisiana in 1974. He built a special sound room that incorporated the earliest quadraphonic audio systems, and he modified Sony Trinitron televisions for projecting
1725-507: A small, portable movie projector onto a portable screen, often without sound, this system became the first practical home theater. They were generally used to show home movies of family travels and celebrations, but they also doubled as a means of showing some commercial films, or private stag films . Dedicated home cinemas were called screening rooms at the time and were outfitted with 16 mm or even 35 mm projectors for showing commercial films. These were found almost exclusively in
1800-505: A sticky mass or a powder akin to gunpowder . This process can be very unpredictable; some nitrate film from the 1890s is still in good condition, while some much later nitrate film was scrapped as unsalvageable when it was barely 20 years old. Much depends on the environment in which the film is stored. Ideal conditions of low temperature, low humidity and adequate ventilation can preserve nitrate film for centuries, but in practice, storage conditions have usually fallen far below this level. When
1875-580: A subwoofer. A more expensive home cinema set-up might include a Blu-ray disc player, home theater PC (HTPC) computer or digital media receiver streaming devices with a 10-foot user interface , a high-definition video projector and projection screen with over 100-inch (8.3 ft; 2.5 m) diagonal screen size (or a large flatscreen HDTV), and a several-hundred-watt home theater receiver with five to eleven surround-sound speakers plus one or two powerful subwoofers. 3D-TV-enabled home theaters make use of 3D TV sets/projectors and Blu-ray 3D players in which
1950-464: A toy for showing brief excerpts from Hollywood films at home. Many other early motion pictures are lost because the nitrate film employed for nearly all 35 mm negatives and prints created before 1952 is highly flammable unless carefully conditioned and handled. When in very badly deteriorated condition and improperly stored (such as in a sun-baked shed), nitrate film can spontaneously combust . Fires have destroyed entire archives of films, such as
2025-414: A typical home cinema would have a LaserDisc player or VHS VCR fed to a large screen: rear projection for the more-affordable setups, and LCD or CRT front-projection in the more-elaborate systems. In the late 1990s, a new wave of home-cinema interest was sparked by the development of DVD-Video , Dolby Digital and DTS 5.1-channel audio, and high-quality front video projectors that provide a cinema experience at
2100-498: A video projector and a couple of speakers, or a permanent fixture with a huge screen and dedicated audio set-up mounted in a weather-proof cabinet. Outdoor home cinemas are popular with BBQ parties and pool parties. Some specialist outdoor home-cinema companies are now marketing packages with inflatable movie screens and purpose-built AV systems. Some people have expanded the idea and constructed mobile drive-in theaters that can play movies in public open spaces. Usually, these require
2175-650: Is often less expensive than buying separate components. Some home cinema enthusiasts build a dedicated room in their home for the theater. These more advanced installations often include sophisticated acoustic design elements, including room-in-a-room construction that isolates sound and provides an improved listening environment and a large screen, often using a high-definition projector. These installations are often designated as screening rooms to differentiate them from simpler, less-expensive installations. In some movie enthusiast's home cinemas, this idea can go as far as completely recreating an actual small-scale cinema, with
2250-512: Is that consumers can attain improved quality in video or audio and better matching between the components and the needs of a specific room, or the consumer's needs. However, to buy individual components, a consumer must have knowledge of sound system and video system design and electronics and they must do research on the specifications of each component. For instance, some speakers perform better in smaller rooms while others perform better in larger rooms and seating location must be considered. One of
2325-561: Is the case of Theda Bara , one of the most famous actresses of the early silent era. Bara appeared in 40 films, but only six are now known to exist. Clara Bow was equally celebrated in her heyday, but 20 of her 57 films are completely lost, and another five are incomplete. Once-popular stage actresses who transitioned to silent films, such as Pauline Frederick and Elsie Ferguson , have little left of their film performances. Fewer than ten movies exist from Frederick's work from 1915 to 1928, and Ferguson has two surviving films, one from 1919 and
The Whip Woman - Misplaced Pages Continue
2400-414: The 1937 storage-vault fire that destroyed all the original negatives of pre-1935 films made by Fox Pictures and the 1965 MGM vault fire that destroyed hundreds of silent films and early talkies, including London After Midnight , now considered among the greatest of all lost films. Eastman Kodak introduced a nonflammable 35 mm film stock in 1909; however, the plasticizers employed to increase
2475-498: The Library of Congress estimates that 75% of all silent films are lost forever. The largest cause of silent-film loss is intentional destruction. Before the eras of home cinema , television and home video , films were considered to have little future value when their theatrical runs ended. Similarly, silent films were perceived as worthless after the end of the silent era. Film preservationist Robert A. Harris has said, "Most of
2550-580: The 1910s and 1920s were added to the film collection at the Museum of Modern Art in the 1930s and were preserved under the auspices of curator Iris Barry . Mary Pickford 's filmography is nearly complete. Her early years were spent with Griffith, and she gained control of her own productions in the late 1910s and early 1920s. She had originally intended to destroy these films but later relented. She also recovered as many of her Zukor-controlled early Famous Players films as were salvageable. Likewise, almost all of
2625-503: The 1920s with 16 mm projectors. Technological improvements led to 8 mm and sound 16 mm in the 1930s. In the 1950s, playing home movies became popular in the United States with middle class and upper-class families as Kodak 8 mm film projector equipment became more affordable. The development of multi-channel audio systems and later LaserDisc in the 1980s created a new paradigm for home video , as it enabled movie enthusiasts to add better sound and images to their setup. In
2700-454: The 1950s, when 16 mm sound-on-film reduction prints of early talkies were produced for television syndication , such films without complete soundtrack discs were at risk of permanent loss. Many sound-on-disc films have survived only by way of these 16 mm prints. As a consequence of this widespread lack of care, the work of many early filmmakers and performers exists in the present day only in fragmentary form. A high-profile example
2775-448: The 1980s, home cinemas typically consisted of a movie pre-recorded on a LaserDisc or VHS tape; a LaserDisc Player or VCR ; and a heavy, bulky large-screen cathode-ray tube TV set, although sometimes CRT projectors were used instead. In the 2000s, technological innovations in sound systems, video player equipment, TV screens and video projectors have changed the equipment used in home cinema set-ups and enabled home users to experience
2850-520: The 20th century, U.S. copyright law required at least one copy of every American film to be deposited at the Library of Congress at the time of copyright registration , but the Librarian of Congress was not required to retain those copies: "Under the provisions of the act of March 4, 1909, authority is granted for the return to the claimant of copyright of such copyright deposits as are not required by
2925-461: The Count are eventually wed despite the circumstances. This article about a silent drama film from the 1920s is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lost film A lost film is a feature or short film in which the original negative or copies are not known to exist in any studio archive, private collection, or public archive. Films can be wholly or partially lost for
3000-527: The Haghefilm Conservation. It turned up among about two thousand rusty film canisters donated by Haarlem's eccentric Dutch collector, Joop van Liempd. It was given its first modern screening in 2005 and has since been aired on Turner Classic Movies . In the early 2000s, the German film Metropolis —which had been distributed in many different edits over the years—was restored to as close to
3075-474: The Library." A report by Library of Congress film historian and archivist David Pierce estimates that: Of the American sound films made from 1927 to 1950, an estimated half have been lost. The phrase "lost film" can also be used for instances where footage of deleted scenes , unedited, and alternative versions of feature films are known to have been created but can no longer be accounted for. Sometimes,
The Whip Woman - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-474: The audio augmented with a multi-channel power amplifier and anywhere from two speakers and a stereo power amp (for stereo sound ) to a 5.1 channel amplifier and five or more surround sound speaker cabinets (with a surround sound system). Whether home cinema enthusiasts have a stereo set-up or a 5.1 channel surround system, they typically use at least one low-frequency subwoofer speaker cabinet to amplify low-frequency effects from movie soundtracks and reproduce
3225-433: The challenges with buying all the components separately is that the purchaser must understand speaker impedance, power handling, and HDMI compatibility and cabling. Given these challenges, HTIB systems are a simpler and more cost-effective solution for many families and consumers; they are also better suited to smaller living spaces in semi-detached homes or apartments/condos where noise could be an issue. Buying an HTIB package
3300-510: The deep pitches from the musical soundtrack. Introduced in 1912, the Edison Home Projecting Kinetoscope was one of the first successful home theater devices. Although it used a 22 mm film format, the image size was nearer to 6 mm, the smallest ever to be commercially released. The value was that an entire motion picture could be released on one reel without editing. Home theater systems were made in
3375-415: The degree that is possible, the cinema experience . To do so, many home cinema buffs purchase higher quality components than used for everyday television viewing on a relatively small TV with only built-in speakers. A typical home cinema includes the following components: Home cinemas can either be set up by purchasing individual components one by one (e.g., buying a multichannel amp from one manufacturer,
3450-456: The demise of their studios. However, unlike Suratt and Bara, because Bushman and Desmond continued working into the sound era and even on television, their later performances survive. Films were sometimes destroyed deliberately. In 1921, actor Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was charged with the murder of actress Virginia Rappe . Following a series of trials, he was ultimately acquitted, but not before his name had become so toxic that studios engaged in
3525-619: The double feature Grindhouse (2007), both segments— Planet Terror (directed by Robert Rodriguez ) and Death Proof (directed by Quentin Tarantino )—have references to missing reels, used as plot devices . " Cigarette Burns ", an episode of the horror anthology series Masters of Horror directed by John Carpenter, deals with the search for a fictional lost film, "La Fin Absolue Du Monde" ("The Absolute End of The World"). Home cinema A home cinema , also called
3600-617: The early films did not survive because of wholesale junking by the studios. There was no thought of ever saving these films. They simply needed vault space and the materials were expensive to house." The studios could earn money by recycling film for its silver content. Many Technicolor two-color negatives from the 1920s and 1930s were discarded when studios simply refused to reclaim their films, still being held by Technicolor in its vaults. Some used prints were sold to scrap dealers and ultimately edited into short segments for use with small, hand-cranked 35 mm movie projectors, which were sold as
3675-528: The early films of Pola Negri which were later lost. Several films have been made with lost film fragments incorporated into the work. Decasia (2002) used nothing but decaying film footage as an abstract tone poem of light and darkness, much like the more historical Lyrical Nitrate (Peter Delpeut, 1991) which contained only footage from canisters found stored in an Amsterdam cinema. In 1993, Delpeut released The Forbidden Quest , combining early film footage and archival photographs with new material to tell
3750-616: The early to mid-1950s that were either played in interlock on a 35 mm full-coat magnetic reel or single-strip magnetic film (such as Fox's four-track magnetic, which became the standard of magnetic stereophonic sound) are now lost. Films such as House of Wax , The Caddy , The War of the Worlds , War and Peace , The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T and From Here to Eternity that were initially available with three-track magnetic sound are now available only with monophonic optical soundtracks. The process by which magnetic particles adhere to
3825-463: The fictional story of an ill-fated Antarctic expedition. The 2016 documentary Dawson City: Frozen Time , about the history of Dawson City, Canada , and the 1978 discovery of previously lost silent films there, incorporates parts of many of those films. The mockumentary Forgotten Silver , made by Peter Jackson , purports to show recovered footage of early films. Instead, the filmmakers used newly shot film sequences to look like lost films. In
SECTION 50
#17327938584023900-413: The film's flexibility evaporated too quickly, rendering the film dry and brittle and causing splices to separate and perforations to tear. By 1911, the major American film studios had reverted to nitrate stock. "Safety film" was relegated to sub-35 mm formats such as 16 mm and 8 mm until improvements were made in the late 1940s. Nitrate film is also chemically unstable and over time can decay into
3975-675: The films created by Charlie Chaplin have survived, as well as extensive amounts of unused footage dating back to 1916; the exceptions are the aforementioned A Woman of the Sea and one of his early Keystone films, Her Friend the Bandit . Stars such as Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks benefited from their great popularity: because their films were repeatedly reissued throughout the silent era, surviving prints could be found even decades later. Pickford, Chaplin, Harold Lloyd and Cecil B. DeMille were early champions of film preservation , although Lloyd lost
4050-452: The high resolution Blu-ray (1080p) have ushered in a new era of home theater. In the 2010s, the term home cinema encompasses a range of systems meant for movie playback at home. The most basic and economical system could be a DVD player , a standard-definition (SD) large-screen television with at least a 27-inch (69 cm) diagonal screen size, and an inexpensive home theater in a box surround sound amplifier and speaker system with
4125-410: The homes of executives, celebrities and high-earning professionals, have expensive, large, high-resolution digital projectors and projection screens, and maybe even custom-built screening rooms that include cinema-style chairs and audiophile -grade sound equipment designed to mimic (or sometimes even exceed) commercial cinema performance. In the 2010s, many home cinema enthusiasts aim to replicate, to
4200-413: The homes of the very wealthy, especially those in the movie industry. Portable home cinemas improved over time with colour film, Kodak Super 8 mm film cartridges, and monaural sound but remained awkward and somewhat expensive. The rise of home video in the late 1970s almost completely killed the consumer market for 8 mm film cameras and projectors, as VCRs connected to ordinary televisions provided
4275-631: The image. Many systems were sold in the New Orleans area in the ensuing years before the first public demonstration of this integration occurred in 1982 at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago, Illinois. Peter Tribeman of NAD (U.S.) organized and presented a demonstration made possible by the collaborative effort of NAD, Proton, ADS, Lucasfilm and Dolby Labs, who contributed their technologies to demonstrate what
4350-556: The late 1990s, and continuing throughout much of the 2000s, home-theater technology progressed with the development of the DVD-Video format (higher resolution than VHS), Dolby Digital 5.1-channel audio ( surround sound ) speaker systems, and high-definition television (HDTV), which initially included bulky, heavy cathode-ray tube HDTVs and flat-screen TVs. In the 2010s, affordable large HDTV flatscreen TVs, high resolution video projectors (e.g., DLP ), 3D television technology and
4425-466: The like improved the black levels of LCD screens making them more suitable for use in a dark room. Consumer-grade OLED TVs measuring 55'' and above began to emerge in the second half of the decade. These had even better black levels. However, as of 2020, video projectors remained the only viable option when screen sizes much over 80'' are needed. Noise Criteria (NC) are noise-level guidelines applicable to cinema and home cinema. For this application, it
4500-411: The mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, a typical home cinema in the United States would have a LaserDisc or VHS player playing a movie, with the signal fed to a large rear-projection television set, with the audio output through a stereo system. Some people used expensive front projectors in a darkened viewing room. During the 1980s, watching movies on VHS at home became a popular leisure activity. Beginning in
4575-435: The original cut soundtrack recording on the standard 12-inch LP left, as well as several CD releases with mediocre remastering, although still lacking the complete score without dialogue. This list consists of films for which any footage survives, including trailers and clips reused in other films. Occasionally, prints of films considered lost have been rediscovered. An example is the 1910 version of Frankenstein , which
SECTION 60
#17327938584024650-609: The original version as possible by reinstating edited footage and using computer technology to repair damaged footage. However, at that point, approximately a quarter of the original film footage was considered lost, according to the Kino Video DVD release of the restored film. On July 1, 2008, Berlin film experts announced that a copy of the film had been discovered in the archives of the film museum Museo del Cine in Buenos Aires , Argentina, which contained almost all of
4725-580: The other from 1930, her only talkie. All of the film performances of the stage actress and Bara rival Valeska Suratt have been lost. Most of the starring performances of Katherine MacDonald are gone save for a couple of costar appearances. All of George Walsh 's Fox appearances have disappeared. Only three of the films of Fox's William Farnum , an early screen Western star, have survived. Others, such as Francis X. Bushman and William Desmond , accumulated numerous film credits, but films produced in their heyday are missing because of junking, neglect, warfare or
4800-458: The preservation of films made since that time. Most mainstream films from the 1950s and later survive today, but several early pornographic films and some B movies are lost. In most cases, these obscure films are unnoticed and unknown, but some films by noted cult directors have been lost as well. Some films produced from 1926 to 1931 using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, in which
4875-530: The rediscovered 1898 film Something Good – Negro Kiss was inducted into the National Film Registry . Its portrayal of a warm, loving Black couple stands in stark contrast to the typically racist portrayals of that era. Sometimes, a film believed lost in its original state has been restored, either through the process of colorization or other restoration methods. " The Cage ," the original 1964 pilot film for Star Trek , survived only in
4950-579: The scenes still missing from the 2002 restoration. The film now has been restored very close to its premiere version. The restoration process is featured in the documentary Metropolis Refundada . In 2010, digital copies of ten early American films were presented to the Library of Congress by the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library , the first film installment from the Russian state archives to be repatriated. In 2018,
5025-410: The short, Hopper, William Farnum (the film's star), her son William Hopper , and William Hopper's wife Jane Gilbert view brief portions of The Battle of Hearts . More than likely, Hopper had an entire print of the movie in 1942. However, like many early Fox films, The Battle of Hearts is now lost or missing. One of the best-known of Charlie Chaplin's works, the silent film The Gold Rush (1925),
5100-570: The soundtrack is separate from the film, are now considered lost because the soundtrack discs were lost or destroyed, while the picture elements survive. Conversely, and more commonly, some early sound films survive only as sets of soundtrack discs, with the picture elements completely missing, such as The Man from Blankley's (1930), or surviving only in fragmentary form, such as Gold Diggers of Broadway (1929) and The Rogue Song (1930), two highly popular and profitable early musicals in two-color Technicolor . Many stereophonic soundtracks from
5175-646: The surviving coverage is so extensive that an entire lost film can be reconstructed scene by scene from still photographs. Stills have been used to stand in for missing footage when making new preservation prints of partially lost films: for example, with the Gloria Swanson picture Sadie Thompson . Most lost films originate from the silent film and early talkie era, from about 1894 to 1930. Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation estimates that more than 90% of American films produced before 1929 are lost, and
5250-413: The systematic destruction of all films in which he had a starring role. The Charlie Chaplin -produced A Woman of the Sea was destroyed by Chaplin himself as a tax write-off. In contrast, the filmography of D. W. Griffith is nearly complete, as many of his early Biograph films were deposited by the company in paper print form at the Library of Congress . Many of Griffith's feature-film works of
5325-481: The tri-acetate film base eventually caused the autocatalytic breakdown of the film (vinegar syndrome). As long as studios had a monaural optical negative that could be printed, studio executives felt no need to preserve the stereophonic versions of the soundtracks. The original isolated scoring session recordings for the soundtrack of the 1968 musical - fantasy Chitty Chitty Bang Bang were either lost or discarded when United Artists merged its archives, with only
5400-935: The viewers wear 3D-glasses, enabling them to see 3D content. Home cinema designs and layouts are a personal choice and the type of home cinema a user can set up depends on her/his budget and the space that is available within the home. The minimum set of requirements for a home theater are: a large television set or good quality video projector CRT (no new models sold in U.S.), LCD , Digital Light Processing (DLP), plasma display , organic light-emitting diode (OLED), Silicon X-tal Reflective Display (SXRD), Laser TV , rear-projection TV, video projector, Standard-definition television (SDTV), HDTV, or 3D-TV at least 27 inches (69 cm) measured diagonally, an AV receiver or pre-amplifier (surround processor) and amplifier combination capable of at least stereo sound but preferably 5.1 Channel Dolby Digital and DTS audio, and something that plays or broadcasts movies in at least stereo sound such as
5475-484: Was believed lost for decades until the existence of a print (which had been in the hands of an unwitting collector for years) was discovered in the 1970s. A print of Richard III (1912) was found in 1996 and restored by the American Film Institute . In 2013, an early Mary Pickford film, Their First Misunderstanding , notable for being the first film in which she was credited by name, was found in
5550-410: Was common in the 1980s and 1990s (nevertheless, some movie enthusiasts buy DVD or Blu-ray discs of their favorite content). In the 2020s, a home cinema system typically uses a large projected image from a video projector or a large flat-screen high-resolution HDTV system, a movie or other video content on a DVD or high-resolution Blu-ray disc, which is played on a DVD player or Blu-ray player, with
5625-463: Was re-released in 1942 to include a musical track and narration by Chaplin himself. The reissue would end up having the unintentional result of preserving the film, as the original film (though generally not considered a lost film) shows noticeable degradation of image and missing frames, damage not evident in the 1942 version. The Polish film O czym się nie mówi [ pl ] (1939) contains three short fragments of Arabella (1917), one of
#401598