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67-449: Themis means "divine law" rather than human ordinance, literally "that which is put in place", from the Greek verb títhēmi ( τίθημι ), meaning "to put." To the ancient Greeks she was originally the organizer of the "communal affairs of humans, particularly assemblies." Moses Finley remarked of themis , as the word was used by Homer in the 8th century BCE, to evoke the social order of

134-636: A British subject in 1962, and a Fellow of the British Academy in 1971, and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II during 1979. He was a doctorate adviser to Paul Millett , now a senior lecturer in Classics at the University of Cambridge. Among his works, The World of Odysseus (1954, revised ed. with additional essays 1978) proved seminal. In it, he applied the findings of ethnologists and anthropologists like Marcel Mauss to interpret Homer ,

201-569: A bearhug. Herodotus claims that Heracles stopped in Egypt , where King Busiris decided to make him the yearly sacrifice, but Heracles burst out of his chains. Finally making his way to the Garden of the Hesperides, Heracles tricked Atlas into retrieving some of the golden apples for him, by offering to hold up the heavens for a little while (Atlas was able to take them as, in this version, he

268-637: A blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, located near the Atlas mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus the world ocean . According to Pliny the Elder, the garden was located at Lixus , Morocco , which was also the location where Heracles fought against Antaeus . According to the Sicilian Greek poet Stesichorus , in his poem the "Song of Geryon ", and

335-413: A mighty succour to your toils, that most accursed man, who robbed our guardian serpent of life and plucked the golden apples of the goddesses and is gone; and has left bitter grief for us. For yesterday came a man most fell in wanton violence, most grim in form; and his eyes flashed beneath his scowling brow; a ruthless wretch; and he was clad in the skin of a monstrous lion of raw hide, untanned; and he bare

402-465: A mythical connection of their own. He believed that they were the seven Hesperides, nymph daughters of Atlas and Hesperis . Their names were: Aegle, Erythea, Arethusa, Hestia, Hespera, Hesperusa, and Hespereia. A certain Crete , possible eponym of the island of Crete , was also called one of the Hesperides. They are sometimes called the "Western Maidens", the "Daughters of Evening", or Erythrai , and

469-491: A passage in which they change into trees: "... Hespere became a poplar and Eretheis an elm, and Aegle a willow's sacred trunk ..." and in the same account, they are described figuratively or literally to have white arms and golden heads. Erytheia ("the red one") is one of the Hesperides. The name was applied to an island close to the coast of southern Hispania , which was the site of the original Punic colony of Gades (modern Cadiz). Pliny's Natural History (VI.36) records of

536-442: A radical method that was thought by his publishers to require a reassuring introduction by an established classicist , Maurice Bowra . Paul Cartledge asserted in 1995, "... in retrospect Finley's work can be seen as the seed of the present flowering of anthropologically-related studies of ancient Greek culture and society". Following the example of Karl Polanyi , Finley argued that the ancient economy should not be analysed using

603-623: A scholion on Euripides ' play Hippolytus , Themis is mother of the Hesperides by Zeus. Themis built the Oracle at Delphi and was herself oracular . According to another legend, Themis received the Oracle at Delphi from Gaia and later gave it to Phoebe , who gave it to her grandson Apollo as a birthday gift. According to Ephorus , Themis helped Apollo find the oracle, with the intent of helping mankind. Some examples of Themis' visions; In

670-637: A stroke the previous day, an hour after learning of the death of his wife." Finley taught at Columbia University and City College of New York , where he was influenced by members of the Frankfurt School who were working in exile in America. He then taught at Rutgers University . On 5 September 1951, an ex-communist, Karl Wittfogel , testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee that Finley

737-528: A sturdy bow of olive, and a bow, wherewith he shot and killed this monster here. So he too came, as one traversing the land on foot, parched with thirst; and he rushed wildly through this spot, searching for water, but nowhere was he like to see it. Now here stood a rock near the Tritonian lake; and of his own device, or by the prompting of some god, he smote it below with his foot; and the water gushed out in full flow. And he, leaning both his hands and chest upon

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804-638: Is a sanctuary of Themis, with an image of white marble; adjoining it is a sanctuary of the Moirai (Moirae, Fates) [her daughters], while the third is of Zeus Agoraios (of the Market.) Themis also had an altar in Olympia: "On what is called the Stomion (Mouth) the altar to Themis has been built." Themis was sometimes depicted in the sanctuaries of other gods and may have shared temples with them occasionally, and she

871-464: Is called many names, including Gaia . In Hesiod 's Theogony , Themis is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (Earth) and Uranus (Sky). She is the second wife of her nephew Zeus , by whom she is the mother of the Horae (Seasons), listed as Eunomia (Law), Dike (Justice), Eirene (Peace), and the Moirai (Fates), listed as Clotho , Lachesis and Atropos . Similarly to Hesiod's account,

938-411: Is disregarded, Nemesis brings just and wrathful retribution; thus Themis shared the small temple at Rhamnous with Nemesis. Themis is not wrathful; when a distraught Hera returned to Olympus after quarrelling with Zeus, Themis, "of the lovely cheeks," was the first to offer her a cup. Themis presided over the proper relation between man and woman, the basis of the rightly ordered family (the family

1005-567: Is mentioned to have shared a temple with Aphrodite in Epidauros: "Within the grove [of the sanctuary of Asklepios (Asclepius) at Epidauros] are a temple of Artemis, an image of Epione, a sanctuary of Aphrodite and Themis, a race-course." The temple of Themis in Athens is found west of the theater of Dionysus. Themis' temple in Dodona is tetrastyle pronaos in antis with a cella , an entrance on

1072-465: Is more usually found in the position of the Erymanthian Boar , since it is associated with Chiron choosing to forgo immortality and taking Prometheus' place. Another story recounts how Heracles, either at the start or at the end of his task, meets Antaeus , who was immortal as long as he touched his mother, Gaia , the earth. Heracles killed Antaeus by holding him aloft and crushing him in

1139-585: The Orphic Hymn to Themis calls her the daughter of Gaia and Uranus, and the Orphic Hymn to the Seasons calls her the mother, by Zeus, of the Horae. Hyginus , in his Fabulae , makes Themis the daughter of Aether and Terra (Earth), and by Zeus the mother of the Horae . In the play Prometheus Bound , traditionally attributed to Aeschylus , Themis is the mother of Prometheus , while according to

1206-587: The Middle Ages . Under this assumption, the Greek botanical name chosen for all citrus species was Hesperidoeidē (Ἑσπεριδοειδῆ, "hesperidoids") and even today the Greek word for the orange fruit is πορτοκάλι (Portokáli)--after the country of Portugal in Iberia near where the Garden of the Hesperides grew. After Heracles completed his first ten Labours , Eurystheus gave him two more claiming that neither

1273-575: The " apple of discord " used by Eris to start a beauty contest on Olympus (which caused " The Siege of Troy "). On Attic pottery, especially from the late fifth century, Heracles is depicted sitting in bliss in the Gardens of the Hesperides, attended by the maidens. After the hero Heracles killed Ladon and stole the golden apples, the Argonauts during their journey, came to the Hesperian plain

1340-538: The "Sunset Goddesses", designations all apparently tied to their imagined location in the distant west. Hesperis is appropriately the personification of the evening (as Eos is of the dawn) and the Evening Star is Hesperus . In addition to their tending of the garden, they have taken great pleasure in singing. Euripides calls them "minstrel maids" as they possess the power of sweet song. The Hesperides could be hamadryad nymphs or epimeliads as suggested by

1407-409: The 10th- and 9th-century Greek Dark Ages : Themis is untranslatable. A gift of the gods and a mark of civilized existence, sometimes it means right custom, proper procedure, social order, and sometimes merely the will of the gods (as revealed by an omen , for example) with little of the idea of right. Finley adds, "There was themis —custom, tradition, folk-ways , mores , whatever we may call it,

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1474-538: The Greek geographer Strabo , in his book Geographika (volume III), the garden of the Hesperides is located in Tartessos , a location placed in the south of the Iberian peninsula . Euesperides (in modern-day Benghazi ) which was probably founded by people from Cyrene or Barca , from both of which it lies to the west, might have mythological associations with the garden of Hesperides. By Ancient Roman times,

1541-601: The Hesperides number three, like the other Greek triads (the Three Graces and the Three Fates ). "Since the Hesperides themselves are mere symbols of the gifts the apples embody, they cannot be actors in a human drama. Their abstract, interchangeable names are a symptom of their impersonality", classicist Evelyn Byrd Harrison has observed. They are sometimes portrayed as the evening daughters of Night ( Nyx ), either alone, or with Darkness ( Erebus ), in accord with

1608-623: The Hydra counted (because Iolaus helped Heracles) nor the Augean stables (either because he received payment for the job or because the rivers did the work). The first of these two additional Labours was to steal the apples from the garden of the Hesperides. Heracles first caught the Old Man of the Sea , the shape-shifting sea god, to learn where the Garden of the Hesperides was located. In some versions of

1675-524: The Minyae thronged about the spring from the rock. And thus with wet lips one cried to another in his delight: "Strange! In very truth Heracles, though far away, has saved his comrades, fordone with thirst. Would that we might find him on his way as we pass through the mainland! According to Diodorus' account, the Hesperides did not have the golden apples. Instead they possessed flocks of sheep which excelled in beauty and were therefore called for their beauty, as

1742-598: The University should take no further action in the matter. However, the Trustees, who had the final say in the matter, issued a resolution on 12 December 1952: "it shall be cause for immediate dismissal of any member of faculty or staff" who invokes the Fifth Amendment before an investigatory body in refusing to answer questions relating to communist affiliations and that Professors Heimlich and Finley would be dismissed as of December of 31, 1952 unless they conformed to

1809-620: The West". They were also called the Atlantides ( Ancient Greek : Ἀτλαντίδες , romanized :  Atlantídes ) from their reputed father, Atlas . The name means originating from Hesperos (evening). Hesperos , or Vesper in Latin, is the origin of the name Hesperus , the evening star (i.e. the planet Venus ) as well as having a shared root with the English word "west". Ordinarily,

1876-401: The apples. According to an alternative version, Heracles slew Ladon instead and stole the apples. There is another variation to the story where Heracles was the only person to steal the apples, other than Perseus , although Athena later returned the apples to their rightful place in the garden. They are considered by some to be the same "apples of joy" that tempted Atalanta , as opposed to

1943-506: The cases. On 12 December 1952, Rutger's Board of Trustees resolution declared, "It shall be cause for immediate dismissal of any member of faculty or staff" to fail to co-operate with government inquiries. On 31 December 1952, Rutgers dismissed Finley. Rutgers University records show: On 3 December 1952, the Special Faculty Committee issued a report stating there should be no charges against Heimlich or Finley and that

2010-466: The concept of a "consumer city". Finley was also the editor of numerous volumes of essays on ancient history. Hesperides In Greek mythology , the Hesperides ( / h ɛ ˈ s p ɛr ɪ d iː z / ; Ancient Greek : Ἑσπερίδες , Greek pronunciation: [hesperídes] ) are the nymphs of evening and golden light of sunsets , who were the "Daughters of the Evening" or "Nymphs of

2077-460: The concepts of modern economic science, because ancient man had no notion of the economy as a separate part of society, and because economic actions in antiquity were determined not primarily by economic, but by social concerns. This text was later criticized by, amongst others, Kevin Greene, who argues that Finley underplays the importance of technological innovation, and C. R. Whittaker, who rejects

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2144-418: The deluge. Also according to Ovid, Themis prophesied that a son of Zeus will steal golden apples from the orchard of Atlas . In Homer 's Iliad she is tasked with calling the gods to council on Olympus by Zeus. Themis was present at Delos to witness the birth of Apollo , and nursed him with nectar and ambrosia . In his De Astronomica , Hyginus lists Themis, in addition to the nymph Amalthea , as

2211-435: The different deities came with nuptial presents for the latter, and among them the goddess Gaia , with branches having golden apples growing on them as a wedding gift. Hera, greatly admiring these, begged of Gaia to plant them in her gardens, which extended as far as Mount Atlas. The Hesperides were given the task of tending to the grove, but occasionally picked apples from it themselves. Not trusting them, Hera also placed in

2278-423: The earlier cult-religions, Hesiod described the forces of the universe as cosmic divinities. Hesiod portrayed temporal justice, Dike , as the daughter of Zeus and Themis. Dike executed the law of judgments and sentencing and, together with her mother Themis, she carried out the final decisions of Moirai. In the play Prometheus Bound , traditionally attributed to Aeschylus , it is said by Prometheus that Themis

2345-406: The earth; and above the grass rose up tall shoots, and then flourishing saplings grew standing upright far above the earth. Hespere became a poplar and Eretheis an elm, and Aegle a willow's sacred trunk. And forth from these trees their forms looked out, as clear as they were before, a marvel exceeding great, and Aegle spake with gentle words answering their longing looks: "Surely there has come hither

2412-455: The enormous power of 'it is (or is not) done.'" In the Hymn to Apollo , Themis is referred to as " Ichnaea ", meaning "Tracker". Some classical descriptions of Themis describe a sober-looking woman holding scales. Themis is an earth goddess much like her mother, Gaia, and in some stories it is hard to tell the two apart. Some classical depictions of Themis show her holding a sword. When Themis

2479-559: The far west of the world, gives the number of the Hesperides as four, and their names as: Aigle (or Aegle, "dazzling light"), Erytheia (or Erytheis), Hesperia ("sunset glow") whose name refers to the colour of the setting sun, red, yellow, or gold; and lastly Arethusa. In addition, Hesperia, and Arethusa, the so-called "ox-eyed Hesperethusa". Apollodorus gives the number of the Hesperides also as four, namely: Aigle, Erytheia, Hesperia (or Hesperie), and Arethusa while Fulgentius named them as Aegle, Hesperie, Medusa , and Arethusa. However,

2546-512: The foster-mother and nurse of the young Zeus. In a fragment of Pindar , Themis was brought from the springs of Oceanus by the Moirai (in this version not her daughters) to Olympus , where she became the first wife of Zeus (rather than the second), and by him the mother of the Horae . According to the lost Cypria by Stasinus of Cyprus , Themis and Zeus together plotted the start of the Trojan War. According to Quintus Smyrnaeus , when

2613-647: The garden an immortal, never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon as an additional safeguard. In the myth of the Judgement of Paris , it was from the Garden that Eris , Goddess of Discord, obtained the Apple of Discord , which led to the Trojan War . In later years it was thought that the "golden apples" might have actually been oranges , a fruit unknown to Europe and the Mediterranean before

2680-499: The garden of the Hesperides had lost its archaic place in religion and had dwindled to a poetic convention, in which form it was revived in Renaissance poetry, to refer both to the garden and to the nymphs that dwelt there. The Garden of the Hesperides is Hera 's orchard in the west, where either a single apple tree or a grove grows, producing golden apples . According to the legend, when the marriage of Zeus and Hera took place,

2747-628: The gods defied the orders of Zeus and started fighting each other after the creation of the Trojan Horse , Themis stopped them by warning them of Zeus's wrath. In the Orphic "Rhapsodic Theogony", or Rhapsodies, (first century BC/AD) Nyx (Night) prophesied that Themis would remain a virgin until Rhea gave birth to a child of Cronus . Themis also played a role in Eros , the young god of love, growing up; according to Porphyry , his mother Aphrodite

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2814-470: The ground, drank a huge draught from the rifted rock, until, stooping like a beast of the field, he had satisfied his mighty maw. Thus she spake; and they gladly with joyful steps ran to the spot where Aegle had pointed out to them the spring, until they reached it. And as when earth-burrowing ants gather in swarms round a narrow cleft, or when flies lighting upon a tiny drop of sweet honey cluster round with insatiate eagerness; so at that time, huddled together,

2881-430: The historiographer Diodorus in his account stated that they are seven in number with no information of their names. An ancient vase painting attests the following names as four: Asterope , Chrysothemis , Hygieia, and Lipara ; on another seven names as Aiopis , Antheia, Donakis , Calypso , Mermesa , Nelisa , and Tara . A pyxis has Hippolyte , Mapsaura, and Thetis . Petrus Apianus attributed to these stars

2948-458: The island of Gades: On the side which looks towards Spain, at about 100 paces distance, is another long island, three miles wide, on which the original city of Gades stood. By Ephorus and Philistides it is called Erythia, by Timæus and Silenus Aphrodisias, and by the natives the Isle of Juno . The island was the home of Geryon , who was overcome by Heracles . Hespera or The Hesperides tend

3015-506: The maidens, at their quick approach, at once became dust and earth where they stood. Orpheus marked the divine portent, and for his comrades addressed them in prayer: "O divine ones, fair and kind, be gracious, O queens, whether ye be numbered among the heavenly goddesses, or those beneath the earth, or be called the Solitary nymphs; come, O nymphs, sacred race of Oceanus, appear manifest to our longing eyes and show us some spring of water from

3082-647: The new policy. Neither chose to do so. There was protest at the decision by members of the faculty, who formed an Emergency Committee on the matter. In 1954, he appeared before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security , which asked him whether he had ever been a member of the Communist Party USA . He again invoked the Fifth Amendment and refused to answer. Finley immigrated to Britain, where he

3149-473: The next day. The band of heroes asked for the mercy of the Hesperides to guide them to a source of water in order to replenish their thirst. The goddesses pitying the young men, directed them to a spring created by Heracles who likewise longing for a draught while wandering the land, smote a rock near Lake Triton after which the water gushed out. The following passage recounts this meeting of the Argonauts and

3216-613: The northside and outside was a large altar. The temple columns in Dodona were Ionic made out of local sandstone. Themis in modern-day depictions is often called " Lady Justice " and statues can be found outside many courthouses. In 2022, the building hosting the main courtroom of the Court of Justice of the European Union's General Court was renamed The Themis Building . Moses Finley Sir Moses Israel Finley FBA (born Finkelstein ; 20 May 1912 – 23 June 1986)

3283-468: The number of three with their names as Aigle , Erytheis , and Hespere (or Hespera). Hyginus in his preface to the Fabulae names them as Aegle, Hesperie, and Aerica. In another source, they are named Aegle , Arethusa , and Hesperethusa, the three daughters of Hesperus. Hesiod says that these "clear-voiced Hesperides", daughters of Ceto and Phorcys, guarded the golden apples beyond Ocean in

3350-486: The nymphs: Then, like raging hounds, they [i.e. Argonauts] rushed to search for a spring; for besides their suffering and anguish, a parching thirst lay upon them, and not in vain did they wander; but they came to the sacred plain where Ladon, the serpent of the land, till yesterday kept watch over the golden apples in the garden of Atlas; and all around the nymphs, the Hesperides, were busied, chanting their lovely song. But at that time, stricken by Heracles, he lay fallen by

3417-710: The oracular shrine of Zeus at Dodona, at Tanagra, in Athens nearby to the Acropolis , a temple in Rhamnous beside one of Nemesis , and a Temple of Themis Ikhnaia in Phthiotis , Thessalia. Pausanias describes her sanctuary in Thebes in somewhat more detail than what was normally the case and it may therefore have been of more importance: Along the road from the Neistan gate [at Thebes, Boiotia] are three sanctuaries. There

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3484-434: The poets might do, "golden apples", just as Aphroditê is called "golden" because of her loveliness. Others also say that it was because the sheep had a peculiar colour like gold that they got this designation. This version further states that Dracon ("dragon") was the name of the shepherd of the sheep, a man who excelled in strength of body and courage, who guarded the sheep and slew any who might dare to carry them off. With

3551-546: The revival of classical allusions in the Renaissance, the Hesperides returned to their prominent position, and the garden itself took on the name of its nymphs: Robert Greene wrote of "The fearful Dragon... that watched the garden called Hesperides". Shakespeare inserted the comically insistent rhyme "is not Love a Hercules, Still climbing trees in the Hesperides" in Love's Labours Lost (iv.iii) and John Milton mentioned

3618-519: The rock or some sacred flow gushing from the earth, goddesses, wherewith we may quench the thirst that burns us unceasingly. And if ever again we return in our voyaging to the Achaean land, then to you among the first of goddesses with willing hearts will we bring countless gifts, libations and banquets. So he spake, beseeching them with plaintive voice; and they from their station near pitied their pain; and lo! First of all they caused grass to spring from

3685-574: The sacred cavern in Crete where Rhea had given birth to Zeus in order to steal some of the honey produced there by the sacred bees, Themis and her daughters the Fates convinced Zeus against killing them inside the holy cave, as they considered it impious for anyone to die in the cave, so instead he turned all four into different birds. Themis had several temples in Greece, though they are not described in any great detail by ancient authors. She had temples at

3752-442: The social and economic aspects of the classical world. In 1932 Finley married Mary ( née  Moscowitz , who later changed to her mother's surname, Thiers), a schoolteacher, and the two enjoyed a happy and mutually reinforcing marriage. On the day of her death he suffered a cerebral haemorrhage , and he died the following day on 23 June 1986 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. The New York Times obituary adds: "He had suffered

3819-453: The story of Dryope in Ovid 's Metamorphoses , Themis warns the gods of an oncoming civil war in Thebes. In another tale she warns Zeus and Poseidon to not marry Thetis because her son will be more powerful than his father. According to Ovid, it was Themis rather than Zeus who told Deucalion to throw the bones of " his Mother " over his shoulder to create a new race of humankind after

3886-657: The tale, Heracles went to the Caucasus , where Prometheus was confined. The Titan directed him concerning his course through the land of the peoples in the farthest north and the perils to be encountered on his homeward march after slaying Geryon in the farthest west. Follow this straight road; and, first of all, thou shalt come to the Boreades, where do thou beware the roaring hurricane, lest unawares it twist thee up and snatch thee away in wintry whirlwind. As payment, Heracles freed Prometheus from his daily torture. This tale

3953-456: The trunk of the apple-tree; only the tip of his tail was still writhing; but from his head down his dark spine he lay lifeless; and where the arrows had left in his blood the bitter gall of the Lernaean hydra, flies withered and died over the festering wounds. And close at hand the Hesperides, their white arms flung over their golden heads, lamented shrilly; and the heroes drew near suddenly; but

4020-552: The way Eos in the farthermost east, in Colchis , is the daughter of the titan Hyperion . The Hesperides are also listed as the daughters of Atlas and Hesperis , or of Phorcys and Ceto , or of Zeus and Themis . In a Roman literary source, the nymphs are simply said to be the daughters of Hesperus , embodiment of the "west". Nevertheless, among the names given to them, though never all at once, there were either three, four, or seven Hesperides . Apollonius of Rhodes gives

4087-499: Was a communist. On 28 March 1952, Finley appeared before the Committee and invoked the Fifth Amendment regarding his association with communism. On 7 September 1952, Lewis Webster Jones , the president of Rutgers University, announced his intention to appoint Trustee and Faculty Committees to review the cases of professors involved in government inquiries. On 15 November 1952, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover met with Jones to discuss

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4154-465: Was an American-born British academic and classical scholar . His prosecution by the United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security during the 1950s resulted in his relocation to England, where he became an English classical scholar and eventually master of Darwin College, Cambridge . His most notable publication is The Ancient Economy (1973), in which he argued that the economy in antiquity

4221-456: Was appointed university lecturer in classics at Cambridge (1955–1964) and, during 1957, elected to a fellowship at Jesus College . He was reader of ancient social and economic history (1964–1970), professor of ancient history (1970–1979) and master of Darwin College (1976–1982). He gave the 1974 Mortimer Wheeler Archaeological Lecture . He broadened the scope of classical studies from philology to culture, economics, and society. He became

4288-530: Was governed by status and civic ideology rather than rational economic motivations. Finley was born in 1912 in New York City to Nathan Finkelstein and Anna Katzenellenbogen. About 1946, he adopted the surname Finley. He was educated at Syracuse University , where, aged fifteen, he graduated magna cum laude in psychology, and at Columbia University . Although his M.A. was in public law , most of his published work concerned ancient history , especially

4355-465: Was seen as the pillar of the deme ). Judges were often referred to as " themistopóloi " (the servants of Themis). Such was also the basis for order upon Olympus. Even Hera addressed her as "Lady Themis". Themis occurred in Hesiod 's Theogony as the first recorded appearance of Justice as a divine personage. Drawing not only on the socio-religious consciousness of his time but also on many of

4422-573: Was the father or otherwise related to the Hesperides). This would have made this task – like the Hydra and Augean stables – void because he had received help. Upon his return, Atlas decided that he did not want to take the heavens back, and instead offered to deliver the apples himself, but Heracles tricked him again by agreeing to take his place on condition that Atlas relieve him temporarily so that Heracles could make his cloak more comfortable. Atlas agreed, but Heracles reneged and walked away, carrying

4489-452: Was worried about her son, Eros, staying a child forever and brought him to Themis. Themis told her to give Eros a brother, as he wasn't growing because of his solitude. Aphrodite then gave birth to another love god, Anteros (meaning "counter-love"), and Eros grew whenever he was near him. But every time Anteros was away, Eros shrank back to his previous, small form. When four Cretan men ( Aegolius , Celeus , Cerberus and Laius ) broke into

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