Holy League : Republic of Venice Spanish Empire
52-748: The Third Ottoman Venetian War (1537–1540) was one of the Ottoman–Venetian wars which took place during the 16th century. The war arose out of the Franco-Ottoman alliance between Francis I of France and Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V . The initial plan between the two had been to jointly invade Italy, Francis through Lombardy in the North and Süleyman through Apulia to
104-570: A general assault for fear of Ottoman artillery, had to wait in the open sea. Eventually Doria signaled a retreat at which time Barbarossa attacked leading to a major Ottoman victory. The events of this battle, as well as the events of the Siege of Castelnuovo (1539) put a stop to any Holy League plans to bring the fight to the Ottomans in their own territory and coerced the League to begin talks to end
156-477: A general. Some popularly circulating tales, of doubtful historical authenticity, link this incident with the origins of the Spoonmaker's Diamond , one of the most closely guarded treasures of Istanbul's Topkapı Palace . Though Preveza would remain under Ottoman rule for more than a century, this event – both the short period of Greek militias active in the city and the shock of the massacre that followed – and
208-569: A proposal that ignored the Albanian positions, and was finally accepted by Greece, although most of Epirus was still outside Greece. On the other hand, the Greek organisation, Epirote Society , founded in 1906 by members of the Epirote diaspora, Panagiotis Danglis and Spyros Spyromilios , aimed at the annexation of the region to Greece by supplying local Greeks with firearms. From 1881 to 1912
260-542: A second fortification in 1495. Therefore, it is most unlikely that Preveza constitutes the continuation of ancient Nicopolis, as earlier scholars have suggested. The Ottomans refounded Preveza probably in 1477, with a subsequent strengthening of the fortifications in 1495. The naval Battle of Preveza was fought off the shores of Preveza on 29 September 1538, where the Ottoman fleet of Hayreddin Barbarossa defeated
312-740: A united Christian fleet under the Genoese captain Andrea Doria . This day is a Turkish Navy National Holiday, and some of today's Turkish submarines are called "Preveze". Preveza was hotly contested in several Ottoman-Venetian Wars . In September 1684, in the early phase of the Morean War , the Venetians, aided by Greek irregulars, crossed from the island of Lefkada (Santa Maura) and captured Preveza as well as Vonitsa , which gave them control of Acarnania – an important morale booster towards
364-448: Is believed that Berenike lies on the hills near the village of Michalitsi, following the excavations by Sotirios Dakaris in 1965. The Ionian Sea, near Berenike, was the site of the naval Battle of Actium , on 2 September 31 BC, in which Octavian's forces defeated those of Mark Antony and queen Cleopatra of Egypt . The city of Nicopolis ( Νικόπολις , "Victory City") was built nearby by Augustus to commemorate his victory. The city
416-738: Is believed to have, at its peak, a population of 150,000. In AD 90, Epictetus arrived at Nicopolis, after he had been banished by the Roman emperor Domitian and established a school of philosophy. One of his students Arrian became a famous historian and recorded all of his works. The name Preveza was first attested in the Chronicle of the Morea for the year 1292, when the Genoese allies of Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos raided its port of Saint Nicholas. However, it likely dates to
468-409: Is different from Wikidata Articles needing cleanup from May 2024 All pages needing cleanup Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from May 2024 All set index articles Preveza Preveza ( Greek : Πρέβεζα , pronounced [ˈpreveza] ) is a city in the region of Epirus , northwestern Greece , located on the northern peninsula of the mouth of
520-607: Is in list format but may read better as prose . You can help by converting this article , if appropriate. Editing help is available. ( May 2024 ) The Ottoman–Venetian wars were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice that started in 1396 and lasted until 1718. It included: Venice's participation in the Crusade of Nicopolis in 1396 A naval conflict in 1415–1419,
572-594: The Ambracian Gulf . It is the capital of the regional unit of Preveza , which is the southern part of the region of Epirus . The Aktio-Preveza Immersed Tunnel –the first, and so far only, undersea tunnel in Greece– was completed in 2002. The 1,570 m (5,150 ft) long immersed tunnel connects Preveza in the north, to Aktio of western Acarnania to the south. The ruins of the ancient city of Nicopolis lie 7 kilometres (4 miles) north of Preveza. Despite
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#1732765370728624-680: The Battle of Préveza , which the Ottomans won thanks to the strategy of Barbarossa, Seydi Ali Reis , and Turgut Reis , as well as bad management of the Holy League. After taking Kotor , the supreme commander of the League's navy the Genoese Andrea Doria managed to trap Barbarossa's navy in the Ambracian Gulf . This was to Barbarossa's advantage however as he was supported by the Ottoman army in Préveza while Doria, unable to lead
676-486: The Caserta Agreement between Great Britain and the two main Greek resistance groups, EDES and ELAS. Today Preveza is a commercial harbor and tourist hub, with a marina, four museums, two cinemas, an open theatre, a music Hall (OASIS), many clubs, taverns, and cafes, benefiting from its proximity to the nearby Aktion National Airport and the nearby island of Lefkada , a major tourist destination. There are in
728-642: The Cretan War (1645–1669) , resulting in the capture of Crete by the Ottomans The Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War or the Morean War (1684–1699) , resulting in the capture of the Morea (Peloponnese), Lefkada, Aigina and parts of Dalmatia by Venice and the end of Ottoman dominance in the eastern Mediterranean Sea The Seventh and last Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718) (also called the Second Morean War or Sinj war), resulting in
780-622: The Greek Army on 21 October 1912, during the First Balkan War . The city was liberated after the Battle of Nicopolis , by the Greek forces under Colonel Panagiotis Spiliadis. A garrison of the 8th Infantry Division was stationed in the city by December. Later on in the same war, on 8 February 1913, the inhabitants of Preveza were involved in the first instance in world history of a pilot being shot down in combat. The Russian pilot Nikolay Sakov [ ru ; el ] , flying for
832-531: The Greeks, had his biplane hit by ground fire following a bomb run on the walls of Fort Bizani near Ioannina . He came down near Preveza, and with the help of local townspeople repaired his plane and resumed his flight back to base. In the following months there arrived in Preveza the famous Swiss photographer Frederic Boissonnas , and a lot of photographs from this period are available today. Preveza along with
884-673: The Italian word prevesione , which means 'provision, supply'. Aravantinos' proposal has no solid foundations, according to recent academic views. The present form of the Municipality of Preveza was established in 2011, through the Reform Legislation for Local Government, which merged the following three former municipalities, which in turn became its Municipal Units. (The constituent communities are mentioned in brackets): The municipality has an area of 380.541 km ,
936-544: The Orthodox missionary Kosmas visited Preveza where it is said he founded a Greek school, which would be the only school of the city during the 18th century. At the end of the 18th century, Preveza became a transit center of trade with western Europe (particularly France), which resulted in the increase of its population to approximately 10,000–12,000. Following the Treaty of Campo Formio , where Napoleon Bonaparte decreed
988-752: The Ottoman Empire to the Kingdom of Greece . Under this context, five meetings were held in Preveza, between Greek and Ottoman representatives, but all of them failed to reach an agreement. Even before negotiations started, the Ottoman side used a number of Albanian national figures for delaying purposes and appointed Abedin bey Dino , member of the League of Prizren and representative of the Albanian national movement, as Ottoman foreign minister. Moreover, Abedin Dino managed to gather various Albanian personalities in Preveza, from all over Albania and Epirus, who believed that
1040-465: The Ottomans will provide full support to the Albanian movement and were against annexation of Epirus to Greece. They also organized a meeting there in January 1879 and on 28 February 1879, signed a petition with a threat to take arms to prevent an annexation of Preveza to Greece. As a result of the unrest created, led by Abdyl Frashëri , another Albanian national figure, the local Ottoman governor
1092-452: The Slavic word prěvozъ , meaning 'passage', but transmitted via an Albanian form prevëzë , 'transportation, crossing'. These words correspond to the ancient Greek word pereosis ( Greek : περαίωσις ), which means passing across , pointing to it as a likely ultimate origin of the name. An alternative derivation is that proposed in 1857 by Panagiotis Aravantinos as coming from
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#17327653707281144-513: The South. However, the proposed invasion failed to take place. In what became known as the Italian War of 1536–1538 , Francis's invasion of Piedmont , having made modest territorial gains, was halted by Genoa , an ally of Charles V. Furthermore, he was not able to put all his resources against the city as he also had to fend off Charles V's invasion of Provence . At the same time, Süleyman
1196-689: The Venetian cities in Dalmatia, severely impacted by the Turkish occupation of the hinterland in the previous war, recovered and held steady even throughout this war. The Battle of Preveza was the Ottomans' greatest naval victory against Westerners. Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian wars Series of conflicts between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire from 1396 to 1718 [REDACTED] This article
1248-741: The Venetian strongholds in the Morea (Peloponnese) by the Ottomans The Third Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) , resulting in the capture of the Cyclades except Tinos, the Sporades and the last Venetian strongholds in the Morea (Peloponnese) by the Ottomans The Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) , resulting in the capture of Cyprus by the Ottomans, and the defeat of their fleet in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) The Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War or
1300-584: The abandonment of Nicopolis after the Uzes raids in Greece in the 1060s. Preveza is not mentioned thereafter until the 15th century, indicating that it was likely abandoned or was of negligible importance. No medieval monuments survive, either. The modern city likely traces its sources to a foundation (or at least fortification) after the Ottoman conquest of the region, likely c. 1486–1487 , followed by
1352-403: The city the university department of Financial (department of university of Ioannina ) and Commercial Navy Academy . The Aktio-Preveza Immersed Tunnel , opened on 2002, is an important work of infrastructure for what has traditionally been a remote and underdeveloped region, and links Preveza to Actium ( Greek : Άκτιο , Aktio ) on the southern shore of the Ambracian Gulf , greatly shortening
1404-503: The city, and declared that they would be in no danger. However, upon their return, 170 of them were executed by the sword at the Salaora Port Customs. Many prisoners who survived the massacre died from the hardships on the road to Ioannina . In the grand return and reception held for his victorious troops, which Ali Pasha organized at Ioannina, surviving French and rebel prisoners were given the unpleasant role of walking at
1456-566: The distance of the trip to Lefkada . In July 2022, Preveza was affected by the large wildfires . Preveza is linked by road to Igoumenitsa and other coastal settlements through the E55 national road, and is also linked with other cities in Epirus such as Ioannina and Arta. The Aktio-Preveza Undersea Tunnel links Preveza by road to Aetolia-Acarnania in Central Greece . Preveza also has
1508-471: The fact that the name Preveza is attested in the Chronicle of the Morea ( Greek : Πρέβεζα , Italian : Prevesa , French : la Prevasse, la Prevesse ), in the narratives referring to the suppression of the rebellious prince of the Despotate of Epirus , Nikephoros I , which occurred in 1290, this does not prove that the city existed in that period. The name is commonly regarded as deriving from
1560-473: The fate of the small Preveza garrison exposed on the edge of Ottoman territory. In October 1798, the local Ottoman governor Ali Pasha Tepelena – having great ambitions to make himself a semi-independent ruler – attacked Preveza with an overwhelming force. In the Battle of Nicopolis on 12 October 1798 the troops of Ali Pasha and his son Mukhtar completely overwhelmed the French troops and their local allies. Over
1612-471: The final dissolution of the Venetian Republic , Preveza – like other Venetian possessions in Greece and Albania – was ceded to Revolutionary France . 280 French grenadiers arrived in Preveza under the commands of General La Salchette. The people of Preveza welcomed the French troops, and formed a pro-French civic militia. Around this same time the poet Rigas Feraios was combining support for
Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1664-510: The head of the procession, holding the cut and salted heads of their companions, under the shouts and jeers of Ioannina's pro-Ottoman residents. From Ioannina, nine captured French grenadiers, and two officers were sent chained to Istanbul for questioning. One of them, Captain Louis-Auguste Camus de Richemont , was later released, possibly mediated by the mother of Napoleon Bonaparte, Maria Letizia Bonaparte , and eventually became
1716-615: The ideas of the French Revolution with calls for a Greek uprising against Ottoman rule. He was intercepted and killed by the Ottoman authorities when en route to meet Napoleon and directly ask for his help for the Greek cause. Napoleon Bonaparte, however, focused his attention in another direction, launching the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria , placing France at war with the Ottoman Empire and giving little thought to
1768-625: The influence of the ideas of the French Revolution had a part in the development of Greek nationalism towards the Greek War of Independence , which broke out three decades later. From 1798 to 1820, Preveza was under the rule of the semi-independent Ali Pasha Tepelena . Following his death in 1822 at Ioannina, Preveza was more directly controlled from Istanbul. Preveza became the seat of a province (the Sanjak of Preveze ) in 1863, until
1820-650: The large Ottoman fleet in the Strait of Otranto did generate considerable fear in Rome that a large-scale invasion would follow. At the same time, crisis in Venetian-Ottoman relations was developing during the siege of Klis - last Habsburg stronghold in Dalmatia, that fell in March 1537. Venetian government feared that Turkish forces would attack Dalmatian cities and resorted to diplomatic efforts in order to avoid
1872-640: The last two Venetian settlements on the Peloponnese Monemvasia and Navplion . The Ottomans next turned their focus to the Adriatic. Here, in what the Venetians considered their home waters, the Ottomans, through the combined use of their navy and their army in Albania , captured a string of forts in Dalmatia and formally secured their hold there. The most important battle of the war was
1924-569: The main campaign in the Morea . However, at the end of the war in 1699 Preveza was handed back to Ottoman rule. Venice captured Preveza again in 1717, during its next war with the Ottomans and was this time able to hold on to the town and fort it – a meager achievement in a war which otherwise went very badly for the Republic. Venetian rule would persist until the very end of the Venetian Republic itself in 1797. During this period, in 1779,
1976-568: The main event of which was the Battle of Gallipoli (1416) The Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) , with Venice active from 1423 on, resulting in the capture of Thessalonica by the Ottomans The First Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479) , resulting in the capture of Negroponte, Lemnos and Albania Veneta by the Ottomans The Second Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503) , resulting in the capture of
2028-427: The main sectors of the local economy witnessed dramatic decline and the port of the city lost most of its former commercial significance. However, education was still flourishing with two schools operating: one boys' and one girls' school. The school system of the city was primarily financed by Anastasios Theofanis, notable member of the diaspora. The city of Preveza remained under Ottoman control until finally taken by
2080-549: The municipal unit 66.835 km . In antiquity , the south-southwestern part of Epirus was inhabited by the Greek tribe of Cassopeans, part of a larger tribe, the Thesprotians . Their capital city was Cassope (today, near the village of Kamarina ). At the southernmost part of Epirus, king Pyrrhus founded, in 290 BC, the town of Berenike or Berenice , named after his mother-in-law Berenice I of Egypt ., Today, it
2132-481: The next two days, 13–14 October 1798, a major massacre of the French troops and the local Greek population which defended the city took place in Preveza and Port Salaora, on the Ambracian Gulf , starting before Ali Pasha entered Preveza on 13 October but also continuing in his presence. On 14 October, Ali Pasha called on those citizens of Preveza who had escaped to the Acarnanian Mountains to return to
Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2184-693: The occupation, the Jewish community had 250 members. They were arrested and exterminated in the Nazi death camps, only 15 survived. After the departure of the Wehrmacht from Preveza, in September 1944, an episode of the Greek Civil War known as the Battle of Preveza took place, lasting for 16 days, between armed partisans of the right-wing EDES and the left-wing EAM-ELAS . The fights stopped after
2236-532: The period between the start of the Second Ottoman–Venetian War in 1499 and the end of this war in 1540, the Ottoman Empire made significant advances in the Dalmatian hinterland – it didn't occupy the Venetian cities, but it took the Kingdom of Hungary 's Croatian possessions between Skradin and Karin , eliminating them as a buffer zone between the Ottoman and Venetian territory. The economy of
2288-736: The recapture of the Morea (Peloponnese) and of Tinos and Aigina, the last Venetian holdings in the Aegean, by the Ottomans [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with the same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman–Venetian_wars&oldid=1252291978 " Categories : Set index articles Ottoman–Venetian Wars Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
2340-545: The rest of southern Epirus formally became part of Greece via the Treaty of London in 1913. After the Balkan Wars the harbor of Preveza became a significant regional commercial center in western Greece. Moreover, local labor unions were created during the Interwar period. Along with the rest of Greece, Preveza was occupied by Fascist Italy (1941–1943) and Nazi Germany (1943–1944) during World War II . Before
2392-402: The senate. The Ottoman fleet had grown greatly in size as well as in competence over the course of the 16th century and was now headed by the former corsair turned admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa Pasha. In the summer of 1538 the Ottomans turned their attention to the remaining Venetian possessions in the Aegean capturing the islands of Andros , Naxos , Paros , and Santorini , as well as taking
2444-491: The war. These fears were further strengthened when following a skirmish with Andrea Doria , the Ottomans suddenly laid siege to the Venetian Island of Corfu in the Adriatic ( Siege of Corfu 1537 ), thus breaking the peace treaty signed with Venice in 1502. On Corfu, the Ottomans faced formidable resistance and defenses specifically designed to counter Ottoman artillery. The siege lasted less than two weeks, and afterward Süleyman withdrew his forces and returned east to spend
2496-429: The war. The war was particularly painful to the Venetians as they lost most of the rest of their foreign holdings as well as showing them that they could no longer take on even the Ottoman navy alone. A peace treaty or " capitulation " was signed between Venice and the Ottoman Empire to end the war on 2 October 1540. The Venetian negotiator and signatory was Alvise Badoer . Venice ratified the treaty on 20 November. In
2548-403: The winter in Adrianople. These events resolved Pope Paul III of the need to form a Holy League (1538) to combat and to deter the Ottoman assaults that were expected in the next year. Through intense diplomacy the Pope stopped the war between Charles V and Francis I with the Truce of Nice and secured Charles's support. Venice also joined the league but only reluctantly and after much debate in
2600-474: The year 1912 when the city joined Greece . In 1835, educational activity in the city revived with the foundation of a new Greek school, the Theophaneios , named after its sponsor, Anastassios Theophanis. In the following decades, this school became a centre of education in the surrounding area and in 1851 it also hosted a female and a secondary school. According to the Congress of Berlin in 1878, parts of southern Epirus, including Preveza, were to be ceded by
2652-401: Was not yet ready to engage in a large-scale invasion of the Kingdom of Naples thus not giving Francis any relief. Ottoman troops were landed in Otranto from their encampment in Valona on July 23, 1537 but these were pulled out within a month when it became clear that Francis was not going to invade Lombardy. However, the landing and raiding of Ottoman soldiers in Apulia and the presence of
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#17327653707282704-430: Was recalled. Abedin Dino was also recalled from Preveza, while the recently arrived Albanians left the city and returned to their homelands. The discussions between the two sides continued later in Constantinople, but the Ottoman side disagreed with the proposed border by using as an excuse the unrest created by Albanian representatives. In March 1881, the Ottoman side proposed the cession of Thessaly and Arta regions,
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