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15-506: By agreement reached at the Peace of Venice in 1177 the bitter conflict between Alexander III and Emperor Frederick I was brought to an end. When Pope Adrian IV died in 1159, the divided cardinals elected two popes: Roland of Siena, who took the name of Alexander III, and Octavian of Rome who, though nominated by fewer cardinals, was supported by Frederick and assumed the name of Pope Victor IV . Frederick, wishing to remove all that stood in

30-419: The doge of Venice , and Ulrich II von Treven , the patriarch of Aquileia , then escorted the emperor into Venice itself. The delegates of the king of Sicily were Romuald II, Archbishop of Salerno , a chronicler who left an eyewitness account of the scene, and Count Roger of Andria . After the treaty, Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy wife of Frederick was no longer referred to as Imperatrix ('empress') in

45-399: The chancery productions, as her coronation as such had been made by an anti-pope and was thus declared nullified. The treaty also claimed that if Frederick died and was succeeded by a young emperor, then Beatrice, as the queen dowager regent, should still observe it. (Such event never occurred, as Beatrice predeceased Frederick.) In the treaty that was concluded, the rights of the emperor and

60-801: The head of the Piazzetta facing the lagoon. He also hosted Pope Alexander III , the Emperor Frederick I , and the delegation of William II of Sicily for the signing of the Treaty of Venice in July 1177. The event was a massive point in Venetian history, providing it with an elevated view among the powerful of Europe and allowing for all to behold the wealth and extravagance of the republic. Feeling imminent death, Sebastiano Ziani retired to S. Giorgio Maggiore, where he died three days later. Ziani

75-578: The historian and, at the time, archbishop of Tyre . William was sent by Baldwin IV as the representative of the Kingdom of Jerusalem , and wrote about the journey to the Council in his history. The Kingdom of Hungary was represented by Andrew, Archbishop of Kalocsa . Archbishop-elect Berthold of Bremen attended, expecting to have his election confirmed although he had not taken major orders . His presence

90-647: The interim interfering in Venetian rivalries in hopes of securing a pro-Imperial group in power at the time of the confrontation. On 24 July, the pope from the Basilica di San Marco sent a delegation of cardinals to the emperor in the Lido , at the mouth of the Venetian Lagoon. The emperor formally acknowledged Alexander as pope and abandoned his own antipope; the cardinals formally lifted the excommunication that had hitherto been placed upon him. Sebastian Ziani ,

105-606: The most notable changes he made to the city was in funding the construction of the Piazza San Marco. Projects included filling up Rio Batario that ran parallel to the Basilica San Marco which could be found at what is today the half way point of the Piazza. He paved the main square as well as the Piazzetta that it is connected to. Ziani hired an engineer to erect two columns (possibly of Greek origin) that lie at

120-469: The next several years. The treaty followed on the heels of the Battle of Legnano of 29 May 1176, a defeat for Frederick Barbarossa. Frederick quickly thereafter sent envoys to Pope Alexander III at Anagni , asking for an end to the schism between him and Frederick's antipope , Callixtus III . After a preliminary agreement was reached, a conference was scheduled for July 1177. Frederick spent some time in

135-455: The pope in the city of Rome were left vague. A clause in the preliminary agreement of Anagni referring to the pope's regalia in Rome was dropped in the final treaty and papal rights were recognized "saving all the rights of the empire". The city did not surrender to the pope and forced him to leave in 1179. A fifteen-year peace was concluded between Frederick and William II of Sicily , paving

150-526: The remains of the recent schism , the Council condemned the Cathar heresies and pushed for the restoration of ecclesiastical discipline. It also became the first general Council of the Church to legislate against sodomy . Three sessions were held, on 5, 14, and 19 March, in which 27 canons were promulgated. The most important of these were: Among the many attendees at the Council was William of Tyre ,

165-482: The term ghetto was born from a segregated Jewish quarter. Peace of Venice The Treaty or Peace of Venice , 1177 , was a peace treaty between the papacy and its allies, the north Italian city-states of the Lombard League , and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor . The Norman Kingdom of Sicily also took part in negotiations and the treaty thereby determined the political course of all Italy for

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180-523: The way for Sicily's golden years of peace and prosperity. Likewise, a six-year truce was concluded with the Lombard League, but negotiations were to continue, and the emperor finally recognised the independence of the Lombard cities in the Peace of Constance of 1183. This Italian history article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sebastian Ziani Sebastiano Ziani

195-669: The way of his authority in Italy, declared war upon the Italian states and especially the Church which was enjoying great authority. A serious schism arose out of this conflict, and after Victor IV's death in 1164, two further antipopes were nominated in opposition to Alexander III: Paschal III (1164–1168) and Callistus III (1168–1178). Eventually, at the Peace of Venice, when Alexander gained victory, he promised Frederick that he would summon an ecumenical council. Besides removing

210-425: Was Doge of Venice from 1172 to 1178. He was one of the greatest planners of Venice. During his short term as Doge, Ziani divided the city-state into many districts. He realised that the government headquarters were too close to the shipyard. As such, they were affected by the noise from the shipyard. Ziani resolved this problem by donating a piece of land to the city-state and relocating the shipyard in it. One of

225-524: Was resented by the other archbishops and the lobbying of Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony succeeded in getting his election quashed. His former teacher, Girard la Pucelle , spoke unavailingly in his defence. Due to the 26th canon forbidding Christians from dwelling among Jews and Muslims, segregation laws were occasionally enforced by European governments against Jews, creating Jewish quarters. Later in Venice ,

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