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47-643: Thiruvalla , ( Malayalam: [t̪iɾuʋɐlːɐ] ) also spelled Tiruvalla , is a municipality in Pathanamthitta district , Kerala , India. It is also the headquarters of the Thiruvalla taluk . The town is spread over an area of 27.15 km (10.48 sq mi) and has a population of 52,883, down from 56,837 in 2001. It lies on the northern banks of the Manimala River , in a land-locked region surrounded by irrigating canals and rivers. It

94-480: A municipality in the Kottayam district of Kerala , India. It is located 17 km (10.6 mi) south of the district headquarters in Kottayam and about 115 km (71.5 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram . As per the 2011 Indian census , Changanassery has a population of 47,485 people, and a population density of 3,517/km (9,110/sq mi). Changanassery is an important market town,

141-526: A great diversity in soil types due to its position between the low-lying Kuttanad region and the Midlands. The downtown area has riverine alluvial soil, the eastern parts (classified under the "Southern Midlands" agro-ecological zone) have a laterite loam, and the western parts near Niranam (classified under the Kuttanad agro-ecological zone) have sandy soil resembling that of beaches. The Niranam region has

188-510: A large Vedic learning school (actually comparable to modern university) ("Thiruvalla salai"), which was one of the foremost learning centres in Kerala. The Thiruvalla salai was one of the richest among the Vedic schools of Kerala, and according to the copper plates, the pupils of the school were fed with 350 nazhis of paddy every day, which shows the vastness of its student population. Thiruvalla held

235-488: A sandy-type soil as before the reclamation of Kuttanad from the Vembanad Lagoon the area originally was situated on its shores. The Upper Kuttanad region also has the "Karappadam" type of soil. This soil resembles clay loam in texture, has high organic matter content, and is found in areas about 1–2 m above sea level. Thiruvalla has a tropical monsoon climate . There is significant rainfall in most months of

282-821: A significant minority, constituting 35% of the population. Muslims constitute 17% of the population. The headquarters of the Nair Service Society , an organization created for the social advancement and welfare of the Nair community of Hindus, is located in Perunna. Changanassery is also the center of the Archdiocese of Changanassery , one of the largest dioceses of the Syro-Malabar Catholic church in India. Changanacherry's The Holy Trinity Church

329-436: A symbol of the religious and ethnic harmony of the region. Changanassery is also famous for SB College , one of the oldest and prestigious institutions established by Catholic Church in 1922 and for providing higher education to Travancore Region in Kerala in beginning of 20 th Century. The College Tower of SB College, with Christ The King on top of it, continues to stand as symbol for wisdom and education in Kerala. Thus,

376-484: A very eminent position among the spiritual and educational centres in ancient times. The Sri Vallabha Temple was one of the wealthiest temples of ancient Kerala, as is evident from the inscriptions in the plates. The part of the temple land required to 'feed the Brahmins' required 2.1 million litres of rice seeds, and for the "maintenance of the eternal lamps" required more than 340,000 litres of paddy seed capacity. Due to

423-532: Is a branch of Alikottu Kovilakam of Pazhancherry in Malabar . Similarly, Nedumpuram Palace is a branch of Mavelikkara Palace is an heir to the Valluvanad tradition of South Malabar . The Thekkumkoor kings lost their control in the course of time and Vilakkili (വിലക്കിലി) Nampoothiris were rulers in 1752–53 when Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma , the king of Travancore , seized it in a bloody battle in which

470-883: Is governed by the Changanacherry Municipal Council.Ms Beena Joby is the chairperson of the municipality and the vice chairperson Mr Mathews George. It heads the taluk Kachery (office). It also heads the Munsiff's court and the judicial first class magistrate's court. Changanacherry assembly constituency was a part of Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency) . However, after the Delimitation Commission's Report in 2005, in order to retain Mavelikkara Lok Sabha Constituency, Changanacherry segment in Kottayam and

517-475: Is one of the 64 ancient brahmana graamams . Stone axes have been reported from Thiruvalla, belonging to Neolithic Age. Thiruvalla has many Neolithic remains and got civilized earlier. The Aryan culture presented Thiruvalla as one of the 64 Brahmin settlements of Kerala, and one of the important too. Ptolemy mentions the Baris river, the present "Pamba" river. Thiruvalla was also an important commercial centre with

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564-522: Is regarded as one of Kerala's first "born-again" churches, having had a major influence on the development of the state's new Christian identity. There was a Vedic school at Vazhappally Salagramam (Vazhappally Shala) in ancient times during the rule of the Thekkumkur . It was run exclusively for Brahmins. It is the oldest educational institution in Changanassery on record. The Vazhappally Sala

611-405: Is the executive authority of the municipalities. Elected councillors and officers are the other functionaries. Two types of officers now exist – officers belonging to the municipality as full-time officers and officers transferred to the municipality from the state government. H The Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 mandates the establishment of ward committees in each ward of the municipality. In case

658-468: Is the largest town in the district, and is one of the financial, educational, healthcare, cultural, and commercial centres of central Travancore. Thiruvalla is also known as the "Town of Non-Resident Indians", as a large portion of its inhabitants form a part of the Malayali diaspora . Though Thiruvalla struggles with an aging and declining population and experiences a high emigration rate, in recent years

705-479: Is the specialty of the practicing nets in the courtyard. This indoor cricket facility is perhaps, the first of its kind in the state. Thiruvalla hosts cultural events including flower shows and food fests. Municipalities of Kerala The urban councils of Kerala date back to the 17th century when the Dutch Malabar established the municipality of Fort Kochi . In 1664, the municipality of Fort Kochi

752-478: Is under 6 years of age. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes constitute 8.49% and 0.45% of the population respectively. The total literacy rate was 97.64% (98.05% for males and 97.28% for females), which is higher than the state average of 94% and the national average of 74.04%. Religion in Thiruvalla (2011) According to the 2011 census, Christians are the plurality with 48% of the population adhering to

799-503: The 2011 Indian census Changanassery municipality has a population of 47,485, an 8.2% decline from the 51,967 registered in 2001. Of this, 48.13% are male and 51.86% are female. The total population of the Changanassery UA is 127,987, of which 48.29% are male and 51.71% are female. The percentage of children below the age of 6 was 8.9% in Changanassery and 9.02% in the Changanassery UA. The literacy rate of Changanassery in 2011

846-471: The Niranam port in olden days, which is described by Pliny as " Nelcynda ". At this light, the "Bacare" could have been modern " Purakkad ". The fact that modern western Thiruvalla contains the coastal kind of sand, and several seashells in the soil despite being landlocked proves that prior to the reclamation of Kuttanad from sea, Niranam and the whole western Thiruvalla could have been a coastal area. Up to

893-469: The Anchuvilaku, Changanassery Market and College Tower of SB College stand as landmarks in both Changanassery and Kottayam The first recorded history on the origin of Changanacherry is obtained from Sangam period literature. According to Sangam era documents, Uthiyan Cheralathan (Perum Chorru Udiyan Cheralathan, Athan I, or Udiyanjeral - AD c. 130) is the first recorded Kera Chera dynasty ruler of

940-503: The Municipality is Cherian Polachirackal and the vice-chairman is Sreerenjini S Pillai for 2018–2020. Thiruvalla's assembly constituency is part of the newly formed Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency) . The current MLA is Adv. Mathew T Thomas . Current MP Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency) is Anto Antony . The popular sports in Thiruvalla are football and cricket. The football history of Thiruvalla can be traced back to

987-484: The Sangam period in ancient South India. Historically, Changanassery was a major regional centre, serving as a connecting hub. It also hosted one of the most famous markets in Kerala. The town served as the capital of the Thekkumkur kingdom in the 15th century. From the mid-16th century, Changanassery was annexed into Travancore , and remained a part of it till the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956. The city

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1034-475: The Sreevallabha Temple. The name Thiruvalla hence comes from the word "śrīvallabhapuraṁ", meaning "the town of Vallabha". There is plenty of evidence to suggest that the area had been inhabited since 500 BCE, although an organized settlement was only founded around 800 CE. The present-day areas of Niranam , and Kadapra on the western part of Thiruvalla were submerged under the sea before then. It

1081-540: The beginning of the 10th century CE, Ays were the dominant powers in Kerala. The Ay kings ruled from Thiruvalla in the North to Nagercoil in the South. Ptolemy mentions this as from Baris ( Pamba River ) to Cape Comorin "Aioi" ( Kanyakumari ). By 12th century, we get the picture from the Thiruvalla copper plates, which are voluminous records that centre around the social life around the temple. The society The Thiruvalla temple had

1128-410: The citizens. The Kerala Municipality Act 1994 envisage creation of three kinds of urban local governments Kerala has not created any town panchayats so far. The functions of the municipalities are enlisted as schedule appended to Kerala Municipality Act. The functions can be divided into civic functions and development functions in areas of agriculture, industry, health, education etc. Chairperson

1175-581: The difference in precipitation is 574 mm. Precipitation is the lowest in January, with an average of 22 mm. With an average of 596 mm, the most precipitation falls in June. Due to its proximity to the equator, Thiruvalla has very little variation in average temperature. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 2.6 °C. Thiruvalla is known for its pleasant and welcoming weather. South West Monsoon winds bring heavy showers to Thiruvalla in

1222-671: The first modern municipalities of Kerala on 1 November 1866, according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire . The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provided for a national framework for municipal governance in the country, and Kerala has been following that pattern since 1994. Consequent to this amendment, several changes have occurred in

1269-419: The functions, powers, and responsibilities of the municipalities, and the states had to make necessary amendments to the legislation on the local governments in the respective states. The Kerala Municipalities Act of 1994, enacted as per the constitutional amendment, governs the pattern, functions and services of the municipalities in Kerala. The act, which was integrated for the municipalities and corporations in

1316-557: The legendary footballer from Thiruvalla, Thomas Varghes, called "Tiruvalla Pappan". He represented India in the London Olympics of 1948, and is described as one of the best defenders of 40's – 50's from India. Today, Thiruvalla hosts many district and state-level football and cricket tournaments. There is a stadium in Thiruvalla maintained by the Thiruvalla Municipal Council. This is the venue for most of

1363-643: The length, the antiquity and the nature of the language, Thiruvalla copper plates form the "First book in Malayalam", according to Prof. Elamkulam . The rulers of Thiruvalla now belonged to the Thekkumkoor Dynasty, which had one of its headquarters at Idathil near Kaavil Temple. Idathil (Vempolinadu Edathil Karthavu) was the family name of the Thekkumkoor kings. Today's Paliakara Palace is a branch of Lakshmipuram Palace of Changanacherry , which

1410-410: The months of August for a couple of months. The best time to visit this historical town is after the rains as the healthy showers of monsoon leave this place lush green and pristine. As per the 2011 Indian census , Thiruvalla has a population of 52,883 and a population density of 1,948 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,050/sq mi). Of this, 48% are males and 52% are female. 7.48% of the population

1457-533: The municipality has less than one lakh population, then every person from the ward on the electoral roll becomes a member of the committee. In case the population of the municipality is more than one lakh, then the following become the members of the ward committee: In both cases, the local Councillor is the chairperson of the Ward Committee. The Kerala Municipality (Constitution of Ward Committee and Procedure for Meeting) Rules, 1995 provides further rules for

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1504-635: The neighbouring constituencies in Alappuzha and Kollam districts were put together under Mavelikkara constituency . Sri. Kodikunnil Suresh represents Mavelikkara constituency in Parliament and Sri. Job Michael represents Changanacherry Constituency in the Kerala Legislative Assembly now. Changanassery has a tropical monsoon climate. There is significant rainfall in most months of the year. The short dry season has little effect on

1551-648: The overall climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The temperature here averages 26.3 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is about 2979 mm. The Indian census collects statistics for both the Changanassery municipality and the Changanassery Urban Agglomeration (including its surrounding panchayat areas). The Changanassery UA includes Changanassery municipality as well as neighbouring panchayats like Paippad , Thrikodithanam and Chethipuzha in Vazhapilly panchayat. As of

1598-615: The religion. The majority of these Christians belong to the St. Thomas Christian community and their respective Orthodox Churches. Hindus form a significant minority, constituting 46% of the population. Muslims constitute 5% of the population. Thiruvalla is home to the Sree Vallabha Temple which is the only one of its kind in the State to have Kathakali performed as a ritual offering almost every night. The current Chairperson of

1645-687: The ruler was killed, though some dispute it, saying the surrender was peaceful as the Namboothiris were not naive to challenge the mighty army of Ramayyan , the shrewd and sadistic Dalava (ദളവ)- head of administration and advisor – of Travancore. Thiruvalla lies at an altitude of 14 meters above sea level, along the north bank of the Manimala river. Thiruvalla is criss-crossed by many natural canals (known as "thodu" in Malayalam) like Chanthathodu and Manippuzha. Thiruvalla and its adjacent areas has

1692-400: The setting up and functioning of these committees. Ward Committees have been set up in Kerala and are regularly cited as a good example of functioning micro level urban governance in India. Ward Committees played an important role in combating the spread of COVID19 in Kerala . Changanacherry Changanassery , ( Malayalam : ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ; IPA: [t͡ʃɐŋːɐnaːʃeːɾi] ) is

1739-534: The state, laid out the constitution of the town panchayats , municipal councils , and municipal corporations . Prior to this, the urban areas of Kerala were governed by the following acts, which were repealed when the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 was introduced: Hence, instead of having separate acts for municipal corporations and other types of municipal bodies, from 1994 Kerala has the same act to govern all its municipal bodies. Since then,

1786-466: The structure of municipal bodies has essentially remained the same, even though the urban areas have multiplied. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India resulted in increased roles for the municipalities in every state in India, where they have been perceived to be great contributors to the social and economic development of the country, as they are the level of government that is closest to

1833-514: The tournaments. It is also called "Prithi stadium". The Kerala Cricket Association has set up the indoor cricket stadium complex in Thiruvalla, with 24-7 practising facilities. The facility is adjacent to the Thiruvalla Municipal stadium and is constructed on 8000 square feet, on 50 cents of land. The facility also houses a library, multi-gym, board room, KCA district office, and a conference hall. Specially made natural grass wicket

1880-491: The town has experienced growth in its economy and urban revitalisation. There are two theories as to the origin of the name "Thiruvalla". According to tradition, the name Thiruvalla comes from the word " Valla Vaay ", named after the river Manimala which used to be known as Vallayār . Before the development of proper roads, Thiruvalla developed at the mouth of the Vallayār, and connected various places through waterways, and hence

1927-410: The year. The short dry season has little effect on the overall climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The temperature here averages 27.3 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 3298 mm. At an average temperature of 29.0 °C, April is the hottest month of the year. July has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 26.4 °C. Between the driest and wettest months,

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1974-538: Was Syro Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanassery with Archbishop House in Aramanapady. The Changanasserry Archeparchy with Ernakulam Archeparchy constitute the major provinces of Syro Malabar Catholic Church. St Mary's Metropolitan Cathedral Church also known as (Changanasserry Valiyapally) is one of the oldest churches in Kerala. The church is famous for its Dravidian Architecture and Makaram Thirunnal dedicated to Saint Sebastian . Changanassery, thus, became

2021-408: Was 97.19% (98.01% for males and 96.45% for females), which was higher than the state average of 94% and the national average of 74.04%. The literacy rate of the Changanassery UA in 2011 was 97.56% (98.19% for males and 96.98% for females). Religion in Changanassery (2011) According to the 2011 census, Hindus are the plurality with 48% of the population adhering to the religion. Christians form

2068-455: Was destroyed by army of Ramayyan Dalawa during the Battle of Changanassery between Thekkumkur and Travancore in 1790. There is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva viz., Kalarickal Manikanda Swami Temple situated in Changanassery. Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple is another ancient temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. One of the first archeparchy established prior to Syro Malabar Church

2115-625: Was established by Dutch Malabar , making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent , which got dissolved when the Dutch authority got weaker in 18th century. However, the first modern kind of municipalities were formed in the state in 1866 in Malabar District . In 1866, Fort Kochi municipality was reestablished. Kannur , Thalassery , Kozhikode , Palakkad , and Fort Kochi , which were parts of Malabar District until 1956, were made

2162-541: Was historically one of the centres of administration and culture in the Central Travancore region. The Changanassery market, established in AD 1805, served as the main trading point in the transport of rice, pepper, dry ginger, and piece goods between the coastal areas in the west and the mountains of the east. The "Anchu Vilakku" lamps were installed by the locals in 1905 near the boat jetty, and continues to serve as

2209-470: Was known as Valla vāy (with the word vāy meaning 'mouth of a river' in old Malayalam). Later the Malayalam Prefix " Thiru " (used to signify something revered) was added, and thus became "Thiruvalla". The second theory comes from the 10th-century Sanskrit work "śrīvallabha kṣētra māhātmyaṁ" (श्रीवल्लभ क्षेत्र माहात्म्यम्). It states that the name comes from one of the major temples in the town-

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