77-453: Traditional Tirupati ( / ˈ t ɪ r ʊ p ɒ t ɪ / ) is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and serves as the administrative headquarters of Tirupati district . It is known for its significant religious and cultural heritage, being home to the renowned Tirumala Venkateswara Temple , a major Hindu pilgrimage site, as well as other historic temples . The temple
154-557: A Sanskrit word meaning abode, residence, or husband. Tirupati ( Tirumala ) is referred to as Pushpa-mandapa in Acharya-Hrdayam (13th century). According to Varaha Purana , during Treta Yuga , Rama resided here with Sita and Lakshmana on his return from Lankapuri. As per the Purana , a loan of one crore and 11.4 million gold coins was sought by Balaji from Kubera for his marriage with Padmavathi . To pay back
231-520: A tropical wet and dry climate designated as Aw (dry "winter") under the Köppen climate classification system. During the dry season , which lasts from January to May, average minimum temperatures are between 18 and 28 °C (64.4 and 82.4 °F). The dry season is followed by the rainy season , which lasts from June until the end of December. The city experiences heavy rainfall in November during
308-521: A capable successor, handpicked to assume the imperial throne. The Turko-Persian Sultan Ismail Adil Shah of Bijapur invaded and captured the Raichur doab. The Gajapatis of Orissa and Quli Qutub Shah of Golconda Sultanate were defeated and pushed back. Achyuta Deva Raya along with his general Salakaraju Tirumala went on a southern campaign to bring the governors of Travancore and Ummathur under control. They were successful. Then they attacked
385-412: A distance of 1 km (0.62 mi) from Tirumala Venkateswara Temple . The arch measures 8 metres in width and 3 metres in height and is eroded from quartzite of Cuddapah Supergroup of Middle to Upper Proterozoic (1600 to 570 Ma ) by weathering agents like water and wind. Sri Venkateswara National Park is a national park and biosphere reserve which is part of Seshachalam hills. The total area of
462-434: A sex ratio of 966 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. There were 24,643 children in the age group of 0–6 years. It had an effective literacy rate (7+ copulation) of 87.55%. The urban agglomeration had a population of 459,985, of whom males constitute 231,456, females constitute 228,529 — a sex ratio of 987 females per 1000 males and 41,589 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. There are
539-464: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
616-437: A total investment of Rupees 2000 crores. Dixon Technologies has a manufacturing unit in this hub, where they are producing Smart TVs for Xiaomi . Tourism sector is of great importance to the city. It is because of the presence of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and a number of other temples in and around the city. It attracts large number of tourists which helps the tourism department of the state in generating revenue. Tirumala
693-433: A total of 356,558 literates with an effective literacy rate (7+ population) of 85.22%. Languages of Tirupati (2011) Telugu is the official and the most commonly spoken language (87.98%). It is followed by Urdu (5.50%) and Tamil (3.40%), Hindi (1.01%) which are spoken in small numbers. Tirupati Assembly constituency is one of the 175 assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly , India. Tirupati
770-474: Is Vacant. The Chairman Of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams is Bollineni Rajagopal Naidu. Tirupati Municipal Corporation (TMC) oversees the administration of the city. Tirupati was constituted as a municipality on 1 April 1886; it was upgraded to a second grade municipality on 1 October 1962, to a first grade municipality on 12 December 1965, to special grade municipality on 13 February 1970, and to selection grade municipality on 7 October 1998. Tirupati Municipality
847-424: Is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government . The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government . On
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#1732787588209924-403: Is a week long festival where Gangamma ( Gramadevata ) is worshiped. The tank behind Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur has Padma Pushkarini, where Chakra Snanam is undertaken on last day of the annual Padmavathi Brahmotsavams (Panchami Teertham). It witnesses lakhs of Devotees taking a dip in the holy waters. Vaikunta Ekadasi , the day on which it is believed that Vaikunta Dwarams will be opened and
1001-534: Is being collected per day from households within the municipal limits. The city is the 11th cleanliest city with 66 points in the cleanliness scorecard, published by Union Tourism Ministry of India. Tirupati is a medical hub with major hospitals situated in its vicinity. Many of these are either run under State government or run/funded by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD). Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital
1078-469: Is found only in the Tirumala Hills . About 178 species of birds from this national park have been identified which includes the globally threatened yellow-throated bulbul , grey-fronted green pigeon , critically endangered Oriental white-backed vulture , large hawk-cuckoo , blue-faced malkoha , yellow-browed bulbul , Indian scimitar-babbler and Loten's sunbird . Among predators the leopard
1155-433: Is heaven. Its powers are indescribable. The Vedas have taken the form of rocks and appeared on Tirumala. Holiness has taken the form of water and is flowing as streams on Tirumala . Its holy peaks are Brahmaloka and other lokas. Srinivasa lives on Seshadri. There was no human settlement at lower Tirupati until 1500. With the growing importance of upper Tirupati, a village formed at the present-day Kapilatheertham Road area and
1232-416: Is home to Sri Venkateswara Temple , is located within the hills. Tirupati Urban Development Authority includes Tirupati (City), Renigunta , Chandragiri , and census towns Akkarampalle, Avilala, Cherlopalle, Mangalam, Peruru, Settipalle, Thummala gunta (part), Timminaidupalle, Tiruchanur , Tirupati (NMA). Tirupati is surrounded by Srikalahasti towards the east, Puttur towards the south, Pakala towards
1309-469: Is illuminated with lamps and paintings displaying themes from Srimad Bhagavatham . The celebrations include offering prayers to Sri Krishna , Utlotsavam, Annamayya Kirtana alapana, Geetha Parayanam among others. On this day 'Gokulashtami Asthanam' is held at Tirumala Venkateswara Temple . TTD also celebrates janmastami at Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana Shala where prayers are offered to cows, horses and elephants. Maha Shivaratri and Kartik Poornima are
1386-517: Is located at Chandragiri road, Tirupati. It is maintained by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams using the funds received through the Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana Shala Trust. Activities of the trust include providing a good environment, management, and feeding for the cattle. The milk and its products produced here are used by TTD for daily rituals at Sri Venkateswara Temple and other TTD temples. Tirupati has
1463-553: Is one of the eight Svayam Vyakta Kshetras (self-manifested temples) dedicated to the deity Vishnu . Tirupati is situated 150 km from Chennai , 250 km from Bangalore , and 406 km from Amaravati . Tirupati is the second largest city in the Rayalaseema region, after Kurnool . According to the 2011 census of India , Tirupati had a population of 287,035, making it the ninth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh, while
1540-435: Is one of the largest in the state of Andhra Pradesh , and the main government hospital for the Rayalaseema region. It was started in the year 1962 with a donation of Rs.5 lakhs from Sri Radha Krishna N. Ruia and 15 lakhs from TTD. At present it has 750 beds. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (swIMS) is another major medical institute, founded in 1986. Balaji Institute of Surgery, Research and Rehabilitation for
1617-448: Is part of Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency) . Gurumurthy Maddela of YSR Congress Party is the sitting Member of Parliament for Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency). Arani Srinivasulu of Janasena Party is the sitting Member of Legislative Assembly for Tirupati (Assembly constituency) and B. R. Sirisha Yadav of YSR Congress Party is the mayor for Tirupati Municipal Corporation . The Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) Chairman
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#17327875882091694-473: Is quite common, along with the wild dog . Among reptiles, the most interesting species is the gliding lizard , found in some deep forested valleys. Another important reptile of this national park is the golden gecko . Established in 1987, Tirupati Zoo or Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park is a zoo located at Tirupati and is Asia's largest zoo, with an area of 5500 acres. It is built on the concept of Hindu mythology. It exhibits only animals that are mentioned in
1771-423: Is said to be one of the most visited religious sites on earth, and Tirupati Temple is currently a Guinness World Record holder for most visited temple in the world. The city celebrates all major Hindu festivals , including Sankranti , Ugadi , Krishna Janmashtami , Maha Shivaratri , Ganesh Chaturthi , Deepavali , Rama Navami , and Kartik Poornima . Srivari Brahmotsavam is a nine-day event, celebrated during
1848-488: Is the urban planning authority. It was constituted in the year 1981, with Tirupati town and 89 villages under its jurisdiction. In 2008, it included Srikalahasti , Puttur and 69 surrounding villages. At present TUDA covers an area of 1,211.51 km (467.77 sq mi). Tirupati has the status of Urban Police District; it has 25 police stations. 100 Octopus (Organisation For Counter Terrorist Operations) commandos are deployed at Tirupati temple for its security. This
1925-803: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
2002-858: The Earth . This is referred to as Eparchaean Unconformity . This unconformity separates the Nagari Quartzite of the Proterozoic from the granite of the Archean . In 2001, the Geological Survey of India (GSI) declared the Eparchaean Unconfirmity to be one of the 26 "Geological Monuments of India". Silathoranam , a natural arch and a distinctive geological feature, is located in the Tirumala Hills at
2079-648: The Muslim invasions by accepting to pay Jizya to the Muslims. During the early 1300s Muslim invasion of South India, the idol of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam was brought to Tirupati for safekeeping. The temple town for most of the medieval era was part of Vijayanagara Empire until the 17th century and its rulers contributed considerable resources and wealth, notable among whom are Krishna Deva Raya and Achyuta Deva Raya , Sadasiva Raya and Tirumala Deva Raya . The city has many historical temples including
2156-856: The Pallava Kingdom around the ninth century CE, Chola Kingdom around the tenth century CE and the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century CE. In the 15th century, Tallapaka Annamacharya sung many songs in praise of the holy town in Telugu. He termed it as divine, including the rocks, streams, trees, animals, and adds that it is heaven on earth. One example of such a song is: Kattedura Vaikuntamu Kaanachaina Konda Thettalaya Mahimale Tirumala Konda || Vedamulae Silalai Velasinadi Konda Yedesa Punya Rasule Yerulainadi Konda Gadili Brahmadi Lokamula Konalu Konda Sree Devudundeti Seshadri Konda || Tirumala, in all its right,
2233-597: The Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA). In 2012–2013, Tirupati was recognized by India's Ministry of Tourism as the "Best Heritage City". Additionally, it was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed under the Smart Cities Mission , a Government of India initiative aimed at urban development and modernization. In Dravidian origin, tiru means sacred, Honourable, or Lakshmi and pati ,
2310-580: The Venkateswara Temple which bears 1,150 inscriptions in the Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages. Out of 1150 inscriptions 236 belong to Pallava , Chola and Pandya dynasties, 169 belonged to Saluva dynasty , 251 belonged to Achyuta Deva Raya period, 130 belonged to Sadasiva Raya period and another 135 originated in Aravidu dynasty . These mostly specify the contributions of
2387-527: The 104th Indian Science Congress (ISCA) meeting was held in Tirupati. Tirupati is located at 13°39′N 79°25′E / 13.65°N 79.42°E / 13.65; 79.42 in the Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh state in southern India . Tirupati lies at the foot of Seshachalam Hills of Eastern Ghats which were formed during Precambrian era. One of its suburbs, Tirumala , which
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2464-647: The 200 cities that competed during Swachh Survekshan – 2018 conducted by Ministry of Urban Development , Government of India , and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. According to the National Urban Sanitation Policy, the city was ranked 117th in the country in 2009–10, with a total of 39.363 points. As part of 'Swachh Tirupati', Tirupati Municipal Corporation has started household waste segregation programme. As of May 2015, 150 Tonnes of waste
2541-650: The Disabled (BIRRD) has 250 beds; it was established in 1985 by TTD to treat patients with polio myelitis, cerebral palsy, congenital anomalies, spinal injuries, and orthopaedic impairments. A non-profit organisation, it is run with funds from Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams and donations from the public. Government Maternity Hospital (GMH) in Tirupati is the largest maternity hospital in the state in terms of number of deliveries. Established over 50 years ago, GMH serves pregnant woman from Chittoor, YSR, Nellore, Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh and few areas of Tamil Nadu. GMH
2618-471: The Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of the defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra
2695-474: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
2772-491: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
2849-490: The TTD Act of 1932. In 2006, Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) and TTD together conducted "Tirupati Utsavam" which focused on the history of development of Tirupati town, kings who visited Tirumala and their contribution for development of the temple. The fourth World Telugu Conference , a conference for furtherance of Telugu language , was conducted at Tirupati during December 2012 for three days. In January 2017,
2926-619: The Tirupati Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). BSNL is planning to establish 27 Wi-Fi hotspots in the city. The city also has a Regional Passport Seva Kendra (PSK). PSK-Tirupati will cover Prakasam , Nellore , Chittoor , Kadapa , Kurnool and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh and will come under Visakhapatnam Passport Office. The city ranked sixth in India among
3003-598: The Union and that state. Achyuta Deva Raya Achyuta Deva Raya (r. 1529 - 1542 CE) was an emperor of Vijayanagara who succeeded his older brother, Krishnadevaraya , after the latter's death in 1529 CE. During his reign, Fernao Nuniz , a Portuguese-Jewish traveller, chronicler and horse trader visited India and spent three years in Vijayanagara. Achyutaraya patronised the Kannada poet Chatu Vittalanatha,
3080-464: The ancient epics like Ramayana , Mahabharatha , and Panchatantra . The enclosures are named based on Indian mythology. It hosts a wide range of animals such as deer, monkeys, lions, tigers, bears, elephants, peafowl, grey pelicans, marsh crocodiles, and starred tortoises. Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana shala is a home for cattle received as a donation (Godanam). It was established in 1956 by TTD and renamed to S.V. Gosamrakshana Shala in 2004. It
3157-634: The city residents are employed under TTD. Zoho , an Indian software development company has an office in Renigunta and has been operating from this office since 2018. Sri Venkateswara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub is a dedicated mobile handset and electronics manufacturing facility located at Tirupati. The hub is spread over 122 acres (49 ha) Acres out of which Celkon is established in 20 acres (8.1 ha) acres, Micromax in 15 acres (6.1 ha) acres, Karbonn in 15.28 acres (6.18 ha) acres and Lava in 20 acres (8.1 ha) acres with
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3234-442: The city. Major brands of automobile, textile, mobile, electrical and electronic companies have their outlets in Tirupati. APIIC Industrial Park is located at Gajulamandyam, Renigunta. Industries like Sri Venkateswara Cooperative Sugar Factory Limited, AshwiniBio Pharma Ltd and others are situated in this park. Amara Raja factory is located at Karakambadi, Renigunta. Lanco cement factory is located at Eerpedu mandal. The majority of
3311-647: The direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as the representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as
3388-530: The doab north of the Tungabhadra and recaptured the forts of Raichur and Mudgal successfully. The two Sanskrit works Achyutarayabhyudaya ( lit. ' Exaltation of Achyutaraya ' ) and Varadambikaparinaya ( lit. ' Wedding of Varadambika ' ) describe the emperor's life and reign in detail. Throughout his rule, Achyuta Deva Raya had to contend with the manipulations of Rama Raya who in his powerful capacity had replaced many of
3465-481: The emperor while yet a child, under the regency of Rama Raya , a son-in-law of Krishnadevaraya. His wife's name was probably Varadambika. Sadasiva Raya was probably the son of Varadambika's sister Hemavati and her husband Ranga Raya. The time when Achyuta Deva Raya became the emperor was by no means a favorable one. The peace and prosperity of the halcyon days under Krishnadevaraya were coming to an end. Feudatories and enemies were waiting for an opportunity to bring down
3542-446: The empire. In addition, Achyuta Deva Raya had to contend with the powerful Rama Raya , who was competing for the throne. While the works of Nuniz speak very lowly of Achyuta Deva Raya as being a monarch given to vices and cruelty, there is enough evidence to prove that the emperor was indeed noteworthy in his own right and fought hard to keep the prosperity of the empire alive. He had been personally chosen by Krishnadevaraya himself as
3619-517: The faithful servants of the Empire in high ranking positions with men of his own favour. On more than one occasion the Bahmani Sultans were brought in to play the role of mediator between the emperor and Aliya Rama Raya in the game of power sharing. This would further weaken the Empire. Around 1540 CE, Rama Raya imprisoned Achyuta Deva Raya in a coup. In 1542 CE, Achyuta Deva Raya died, and
3696-587: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
3773-574: The government of Andhra Pradesh started a project called "Safe City-Tirupati": the Tirupati temple and the city is under 24*7 CCTV surveillance with 3000 CCTV cameras, monitored from a command-and-control centre. Baggage scanners and Explosives detectors are installed at several places. Electricity to the city is distributed by Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL), headquartered at Tirupati. The city mostly depends on groundwater for its needs, though it also gets water from Telugu Ganga canal and Kalyani dam. There are dams in
3850-501: The great composer and singer Purandaradasa , one of the major proponents of Carnatic music , and the Sanskrit scholar Rajanatha Dindima II. Upon his death, the succession was disputed. His son Venkata I succeeded him but ruled for a very short period and was killed in a chaotic succession dispute in which many claimants to the throne were killed. The dispute ended when his nephew, (younger brother's son) Sadasiva Raya , finally became
3927-528: The larger urban agglomeration had a population of 459,985, ranking it the seventh largest in the state. The city functions as a municipal corporation and serves as the headquarters for the Tirupati district , Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams , Tirupati Urban , Tirupati Rural mandals, the Tirupati revenue division , the Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL), and
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#17327875882094004-495: The loan, devotees from all over India visit the temple and donate money. Tirupati was developed by Pallava Kings from 6th century onwards. The city became a great Vaishnava centre during the time of Ramanujacharya in 11th century, from where Srivaishnavism spread to other parts of Andhra Desa. Srikurmam Temple in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh bears the inscription, Tirupati Srivaishnavula Raksha . Tirupati survived
4081-422: The months of September–October, when the temple of Tirumala witnesses lakhs of devotees. During this festival, the processional deity Malayappa of Venkateswara Temple, along with his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi, is taken in a procession in four mada streets around the temple on different Vahanams . Tirupati also celebrates a carnival named as Tirupati Ganga Jatara , held during second week of May every year. This
4158-703: The most auspicious occasions celebrated in Kapila Theertham . The vadakalai tradition is very influential in the Tirupati Vishnu temples. The city's Tirupati Laddu is world famous among Hindu devotees around the world. It is the prasadam at Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala . Tirupati Laddu was awarded the Geographical indication tag which entitles only Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams to make or sell it. Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams established Sri Venkateswara Museum, one at Tirumala and
4235-621: The most important Vasihnavite festival, is celebrated in Tirumala and Tirupati with grandeur. Rathasapthami is another festival, celebrated in February, when Venkateswara's processional deity (Malayappa swami) is taken in a procession around the temple on seven different vahanas from early morning to late night. Sri Krishna janmastami , also known as Gokulashtami, is celebrated with great fervour at Tirupati. The Lotus Temple belonging to International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON)
4312-459: The northeast monsoon season. The highest rainfall in 24 hours (219 millimetres or 8.62 inches) was on 16 November 2015, during the 2015 South India floods . Cyclones commonly hit the Coast of Nellore and bring heavy rain to the city. As of 2011 Census of India , the Tirupati city municipal corporation had a population of 287,035. The total population constitutes 145,977 males and 141,058 females —
4389-832: The other at Tirupati. It has a wonderful collection of Tirupati temple architecture and historical artefacts, such as ancient weaponry, pooja items and idols. It has a comprehensive photo gallery that gives a unique insight into Tirupati region's culture and traditions. It also boasts a meditation centre. In 1988–89 Archaeological Survey of India had established an archaeological museum in the Chandragiri fort at Chandragiri . It exhibits rich collection of stone and metal sculptures of Hindu gods and other cultural vestiges retrieved from other historical places like Gudimallam , Gandikota and Yaganti . It also includes galleries for medieval weaponry of swords and daggers, coins and paper documents. States and territories of India India
4466-472: The other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it was made up of 584 constituent states and the directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under
4543-410: The park is 353 km (136 sq mi). The park is home to about 1,500 vascular plant species belonging to 174 families. Some of the rare and endemic plant species like red sanders , Shorea talura , Shorea thumburggaia , Terminalia pallida , sandalwood , Syzygium alternifolium , and Psilotum nudum occur in this region. Cycas beddomei , a species of cycad in the genus Cycas ,
4620-466: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
4697-639: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
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#17327875882094774-473: The representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
4851-495: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
4928-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
5005-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
5082-480: The vicinity: Kalyani Dam , Papavinasanam Dam, Gogurbham Dam, Pasupudara Dam, Kumaradara Dam, Akasa Ganga, all in the Tirumala Hill ranges. Of these, Papavinasanam, Gogurbham, Pasupudara, kumaradara, and Akasa Ganga completely cater to the water needs of Tirumala and Venkateswara Temple while 49% of Kalyani Dam water is being supplied to Tirumala and remaining water is supplied to Tirupati. Tirupati falls under
5159-608: The west and the Seshachalam hills ( Tirumala ) towards the north. Swarnamukhi river originates in Chandragiri Hills and passes through the Tirupati City before reaching Srikalahasti in the east. At the 12 km (7.5 mi) point on the Tirupati – Tirumala ghat road , there is a major discontinuity of stratigraphic significance that represents a period of remarkable serenity in the geological history of
5236-409: The world. It is also involved in several social activities. As Tirupati is a major religious tourist destination, the hospitality industry is also a major industry which includes many 3 star hotels and lodges. Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL) is also headquartered at Tirupati. Gandhi Road, Prakasam Road, V.V Mahal Road, AIR Bypass Road are highly commercial areas in
5313-536: Was formed by Government of Andhra Pradesh in the year 2012. The elite commando force has been specially trained for in-house intervention, hostage rescue and in the Israeli combat technique Krav Maga . At Alipiri , a security zone was established to screen vehicles and pilgrims entering Tirumala, to safeguard the hills from terrorists and anti-social elements. To ensure more safety in Tirumala-Tirupati,
5390-506: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
5467-525: Was named "best hospital" under the "sterilization and institutional deliveries category" by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the year 2013. Tourism is the major industry in Tirupati. The entire economy directly or indirectly depends on Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD). TTD is headquartered at Tirupati. Established in 1932, TTD is an independent trust which manages Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and other temples in Tirupati and all over
5544-405: Was named "kotturu". It was later shifted to the vicinity of Govindarajaswamy Temple which was consecrated around the year 1130 CE. Later the village grew into its present-day form around Govindaraja Swamy Temple which is now the heart of the city. It has now gained a lot of popularity as a tourism place. In 1932, Tirumala Venkateswara Temple was handed over to Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams by
5621-537: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
5698-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
5775-501: Was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of the province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as
5852-403: Was succeeded by his young son of Venkata I (Venkata Raya or Venkatadri Raya). But he was soon killed, and Sadasiva Raya became the new emperor. Rama Raya became the imperial regent and let very little governance in the hands of Sadasiva Raya. The Tiruvengalanatha temple was built at Vijayanagara during his reign. It has become popularly known by his name as Achyutaraya temple , rather than by
5929-414: Was upgraded to a municipal corporation on 2 March 2007. The area of the municipal corporation at the time of formation was 16.59 square kilometres (6.41 sq mi). While, at present the area of the city is 27.44 square kilometres (10.59 sq mi). Tirupati has been ranked among the top ten cleanest cities in India as per Swachh Survekshan 2022 report. Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA)
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