Municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body , including (but not necessarily limited to) cities , counties , towns , townships , charter townships , villages , and boroughs . The term can also be used to describe municipally owned corporations .
31-459: Thoothukudi District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India . The district was formed by bifurcation of Tirunelveli district on 20 October 1986. Thoothukudi is the district headquarters and largest city of the district. The district is known for fishing as well as pearl cultivation, with an abundance of pearls being found in the seas offshore. Thoothukudi district has many historical sites such as Adichanallur and
62-402: A large scale along the stretch of Uzhakkudi. Banana and Beetel cultivation is more prominent in villages like Aarumugamanagalam and Yeral. Also vegetables like tomato, chillies, brinjal, lady's finger, beans are cultivated in village of Uzhakkudi. Summers are made use to cultivate cotton on a smaller scale. Main business of this area is dry chilly, cholam, cumbu, wood charcoal, etc. With 35% share,
93-700: A sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 183,763 were under the age of six, constituting 93,605 males and 90,158 females. It has a large numbers of Nadars Thiruchendur , Sathankulam , Thoothukudi , Eral Appanad Maravars ( Kovilpatti , Tiruvaikuntam , Ottapidaram , Kayatharu ), Vellalars ( Ettayapuram , Ottapidaram , Thoothukudi , Tiruchendur , Kovilpatti , Vilathukulam ), DevendraKula Velalars( Thoothukudi , Kovilpatti , Vilathikulam , Ottapidaram ), Nayakars/Naidu (Kovilpatti and Vilathikulam ) and Parathars (Thoothukudi and Tiruchendur). Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 19.88% and 0.28% of
124-650: Is the oldest municipal corporation in the world outside the United Kingdom. The title "corporation" was used in boroughs from soon after the Norman conquest until the Local Government Act 2001 . Under the 2001 act, county boroughs were renamed "cities" and their corporations became "city councils"; other borough corporations were renamed "borough councils". After the Partition of Ireland ,
155-670: The Papanasam and Manimuthar dams located in the Tirunelveli district in the Thamirabarani River's flow are the main sources of irrigation. Other than the Thamirabarani River , the river Vaipar in Vilathikulam taluk , the river Karumeni which traverses through Sathankulam , and Tiruchendur taluks, Palayakayal are all sources. According to 2011 census , Thoothukudi district had a population of 1,750,176 with
186-881: The U.S. Virgin Islands has districts , and American Samoa has districts and unorganized atolls . Each Indian Reservation is subdivided in various ways. For example, the Navajo Nation is subdivided into agencies and Chapter houses , while the Blackfeet Nation is subdivided into Communities . According to one definition of the term, municipal corporations are "organisations with independent corporate status, managed by an executive board appointed primarily by local government officials, and with majority public ownership". Some such corporations rely on revenue from user fees, distinguishing them from agencies and special districts funded through taxation, although this
217-689: The burghs of Scotland were similar in origin and were reformed or replaced in the nineteenth century before being abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 . The Irish borough corporations within what is now Northern Ireland were reformed by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 and Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 and replaced by the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 . Most U.S. states and territories have at least two tiers of local government: counties and municipalities . Louisiana uses
248-677: The Borough of Galway", but referred to as "the Corporation". The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 allowed municipal corporations to be established within the new Provinces of New Zealand . The term fell out of favour following the abolition of the Provinces in 1876. The ancient boroughs of England and Wales were typically incorporated by a royal charter , though some were boroughs by prescription . The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 and Municipal Corporations Act 1882 abolished
279-758: The Indian Union on 4 March 1948 and was made as a part of the Trichinopoly district. When the new Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, the Madras Province became the Madras State of the Republic of India . The Madras State included most of the present-day Tamil Nadu , Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of the present-day Andhra Pradesh , the Malabar region of
310-524: The Madras State. After the reorganisation, the Madras state had 13 districts namely: Chingleput , Coimbatore , Kanyakumari , Madras , Madurai , Nilgiris , North Arcot , Ramanathapuram , Salem , South Arcot , Thanjavur , Tiruchirappalli and Tirunelveli . Municipal corporation Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of
341-577: The Sriharikota spaceport in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Thoothukudi was selected as a spaceport due to its nearness to the equator. "A rocket launch site should be on the east coast and near the equator. And Thoothukudi district satisfies that condition", a former ISRO official stated. There are numerous educational institutions, colleges, schools providing education. The Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam
SECTION 10
#1732791118159372-643: The US Census Bureau's data collected in 2012, there were 89,004 local government units in the United States. This data shows a decline from 89,476 units since the last census of local governments performed in 2007. Each of the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories is also subdivided into smaller entities. Puerto Rico has 78 municipalities , and the Northern Mariana Islands has four municipalities. Guam has villages ,
403-457: The ancient trade port of Korkai . Thoothukudi district is situated in the south-eastern corner of Tamil Nadu . It is bounded by the districts of Virudhunagar on the north, Ramanathapuram on the north-east, Tirunelveli on the west and south-west, Tenkasi on the north-west and Gulf of Mannar on the east and southeast. The total area of the district is 4,621 km (1,784 sq mi). There are no large reservoirs in this district so
434-519: The corporations in the Irish Free State were Dublin, Cork , Limerick and Waterford (county boroughs) and Drogheda , Kilkenny , Sligo , Clonmel , and Wexford (non-county boroughs). Dún Laoghaire gained borough status in 1930 as "The Corporation of Dun Laoghaire". Galway 's borough status, lost in 1840, was restored in 1937; it was formally styled "the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of
465-457: The corporations of rotten boroughs and other small rural areas. The Local Government Act 1888 aligned the powers of the remaining borough corporations with those of the new urban district councils . All borough corporations were replaced under the Local Government Act 1972 with councils not designated as "corporations", with the exception of the City of London Corporation . The corporations of
496-824: The county in which they would otherwise be a part. In some states, particularly in New England, towns form the primary unit of local government below the state level, in some cases eliminating the need for county government entirely. Many rural areas and even some suburban areas of many states have no municipal government below the county level. In addition to counties and municipalities, states often create special purpose authorities, such as school districts and districts for fire protection, sanitary sewer service, public transportation , public libraries , public parks or forests, water resource management, and conservation districts . Such special purpose districts may encompass areas in multiple municipalities or counties. According to
527-606: The district is the top producer of Cumbu in Tamil Nadu. Palmyrah trees are grown mostly in Tiruchendur, Srivaikundam, Sattankulam and Vilathikulam taluks. Jaggery is produced from palmyrah juice; the production of jaggery is the main occupation of the people of Tiruchendur and Sattankulam taluks. Banana and other vegetables are raised in Srivaikundam and Tiruchendur taluks. The district constitutes 70 percent of
558-671: The district was declared as the tenth major seaport in India also provides container services. Tuticorin Airport is situated at Vaigaikulam and currently has flights to and from Chennai and Bengaluru . The Government of India is to set up a new Rocket launch pad near Kulasekaranpattinam in Thoothukudi district. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has begun work on its second Rocket launching pad or Spaceport, which will be Kulasekaranpattinam, Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu. Like
589-489: The dry tracts of Kovilpatti , Vilathikulam, Nagalapuram Ottapidaram , and Thoothukudi taluks. Cotton is cultivated in Kovilpatti, Ottapidaram and Thoothukudi Taluks. Groundnut cultivation is undertaken in Kovilpatti, Tiruchendur, and Sattankulam taluks. Groundnut cake is being used as manure and cattle feed. Nagalapuram makes its economy to be solely dependent agriculture. Sugarcane and Plantain (Banana) are cultivated on
620-583: The economy of the district besides providing employment. Thoothukudi hosts industries such as SPIC, Thoothukudi alkaline chemicals, DCW zirconium plant and numerous salt packing companies. Many coal based power plants are at various stages of commissioning. Kovilpatti consists of many small sized industry especially match stick industries. Paddy is the most cultivated crop in most of the villages like Uzhakkudi, Vallanadu, Aarumugamangalam, Palayakayal, Thiruvaikundam , Sattankulam and Tiruchendur taluks. Cumbu , Cholam , Kuthiraivali and other pulses are raised in
651-687: The population, respectively, mostly in Ottapidaram . The average literacy of the district was 77.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. 50.10% of the population lived in urban areas. The district had a total of 462,010 households. There were a total of 748,095 workers, comprising 44,633 cultivators, 161,418 main agricultural labourers, 17,872 in house hold industries, 433,524 other workers, 90,648 marginal workers, 3,882 marginal cultivators, 39,226 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,991 marginal workers in household industries and 42,549 other marginal workers. Languages of Thoothukudi district (2011) At
SECTION 20
#1732791118159682-645: The present-day Kerala , Bellary and South Canara districts of the present-day Karnataka . The Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions were separated to form the new Andhra State in 1953. As a result of the re-organization of states in 1956, South Canara and Bellary districts were merged with Mysore State , which became Karnataka and the Malabar district was added to the State of Travancore-Cochin to form Kerala. The Tamil speaking regions of Kanyakumari , which were earlier part of Travancore-Cochin, were merged to
713-574: The present-day Tamil Nadu. Post the Indian Independence in 1947 and the political intergration , the Madras Province inherited parts of the earlier Madras Presidency. Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, the Madras State was formed, which was further reorganized in 1953 and 1956. After the reorganization of Indian states in 1956 , the state had 13 re-organized districts, which were further divided later over
744-465: The state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter . A city charter or town charter or municipal charter is a legal document establishing a municipality, such as a city or town . In Bangladesh , There are 330 such municipal corporations in eight divisions of Bangladesh. In Canada, charters are granted by provincial authorities . The Greater Chennai Corporation
775-564: The state, local governments may operate under their own charters or under general law, or a state may have a mix of chartered and general-law local governments. Generally, in a state having both chartered and general-law local governments, the chartered local governments have more local autonomy and home rule. Municipalities are typically subordinate to a county government, with some exceptions. Certain cities, for example, have consolidated with their county government as consolidated city-counties . In Virginia , cities are completely independent from
806-653: The term parish and Alaska uses the term borough for what the U.S. Census Bureau terms county equivalents in those states. Civil townships or towns are used as subdivisions of a county in 20 states, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest. Population centers may be organized into incorporated municipalities of several types, including the city , town , borough , and village . The types and nature of these municipal entities vary from state to state. In addition to these general-purpose local governments, states may also create special-purpose local governments. Depending on
837-1225: The time of the 2011 census, 98.97% of the population spoke Tamil and 0.54% Telugu as their first language. Thoothukudi District is divided into three revenue divisions and ten taluks . There are forty-one revenue firkas and 480 revenue villages . The district is divided into twelve revenue blocks for rural and urban development. The twelve revenue blocks are Thoothukudi, Tiruchendur, Udangudi, Sathankulam, Thiruvaikundam, Alwarthirunagari, Karunkulam, Ottapidaram, Kovilpatti, Kayathar, Vilathikulam, and Pudur. The district has one municipal corporation : Thoothukudi ; three municipalities: Kayalpattinam, Kovilpatti and Tiruchendur; eighteen town panchayats : Alwarthirunagiri, Arumuganeri, Athur, Eral, Ettayapuram, Kadambur, Kalugumalai, Kanam, Kayatharu, Nazerath, Perungulam, Sathankulam, Sayapuram, Srivaikuntam, Thenthiruperai, Udangudi, V. Pudur and Vilathikulam and 403 panchayat villages . Thoothukudi Revenue Division : Thoothukudi , Srivaikundam Tiruchendur Revenue Division: Tiruchendur , Sathankulam , Eral Kovilpatti Revenue Division : Kovilpatti , Ettayapuram , Vilathikulam , Ottapidaram , Kayathar The V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust contributes majorly to
868-562: The total salt production of Tamil Nadu and 30 percent of that of India. Tamil Nadu is the second largest producer of Salt in India next to Gujarat. National Highway 45B, 7A and State Highways SH-32,33,40,44,75,76,77,93,176 connect to other parts of the State. Government buses connect the district with other parts of state. Thoothukudi and Kovilpatti railway station are the major stations of Indian Railways . V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority in
899-536: The years. Between 1960 and 1980, three additional districts were formed. In the late eighties, five more districts were bifurcated from existing districts. Ten more districts were formed in the nineties, taking the total count to 30. Three new districts were bifurcated in the 2000s. In 2019-20, five more districts were formed for a total of 38 districts. During the British Raj , the Madras Presidency
930-446: Was established in 1984–85 as the third constituent College of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. These include: List of districts of Tamil Nadu The Indian state of Tamil Nadu is divided into 38 districts . Districts are the major administrative divisions of a state and are further sub-divided into smaller taluks . During the British Raj , 12 districts of the erstwhile Madras Presidency had their boundaries within
961-564: Was made up of 26 districts , 12 of which were part of the boundaries of the present-day Tamil Nadu, namely, Chingleput , Coimbatore , Nilgiris , North Arcot , Madras , Madura , Ramnad , Salem, South Arcot , Tanjore , Tinnevely , and Trichinopoly . After the Indian Independence on 15 August 1947, the Madras Presidency became the Madras Province of the Dominion of India . The princely state of Pudukottai acceded to