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62-509: Sixteen-year-old Ray, his mother Maggie, grandmother Dolly, and Dolly's partner are at the doctor getting final instructions on Ray's gender transition. Ray lives with his unmarried mother, his domineering lesbian grandmother, Dolly, and Dolly's partner, Frances. Dolly thinks it would be easier if Ray would just be a lesbian, while Maggie understands that Ray is a transgender man . Ray is ready to start testosterone shots and change schools, but he needs written consent from both parents. Ray's father

124-580: A Czech national champion and medal winner at the 1934 World Women's Athletic games in track; Willy De Bruyn , a Belgian cyclist who became unofficial women's world champion in 1934, born intersex and raised as a girl but later identified as a man; and French sprinter Pierre Brésolles , who ran the  100 metre and 200 metre races and won third place in the 100 meter dash in the Oslo European Championship in 1946 . Later Olympic athletes include Andreas Krieger (b. 1965),

186-509: A forward for Okayama Yunogo Belle and the Japan women's national team . Quince Mountain was the first transgender dog musher to compete in the Iditarod dogsledding race in 2020. Transgender men can face discrimination as a result of their status as trans men. Such discrimination may include sexual violence. Man A man is an adult male human . Before adulthood,

248-752: A gender binary in which man is one of the two genders, the other being woman . Most men are cisgender , and their gender identity aligns with their male sex assignment at birth. Trans men have a male gender identity that does not align with their female sex assignment at birth, and may undergo masculinizing hormone replacement therapy and/or sex reassignment surgery . Intersex men may have sex characteristics that do not fit typical notions of male biology. A 2016 systemic review estimated that 0.256% of people self-identify as female-to-male transgender. A 2017 survey of 80,929 Minnesota students found that roughly twice as many female-assigned adolescents self-identified as transgender, compared to adolescents with

310-639: A gender identity that does not align with their female sex assignment at birth, while intersex men may have sex characteristics that do not fit typical notions of male biology. The English term "man" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *man- (see Sanskrit / Avestan manu- , Slavic mǫž "man, male"). More directly, the word derives from Old English mann . The Old English form primarily meant "person" or "human being" and referred to men, women, and children alike. The Old English word for "man" as distinct from " woman " or "child"

372-405: A trans male character, Ray. In an interview with Refinery29 in 2015, Dellal stated that Ray is a character who has not yet transitioned during the story, saying, "The part is a girl and she is a girl who is presenting in a very ineffectual way as a boy." Dellal's statement led to criticism from the trans community, accusing her of misgendering . In 2017, Dellal denied misgendering and stated that

434-809: A " butch lesbian") before realizing that they are instead transgender. Trans men have less success integrating socially within cisgender gay men's communities, which tend to be more body-focused, especially in terms of being phallocentric . Yitzchak et al. state that, as a result, they more commonly see gay trans men partnering with each other than with cisgender gay men. There are, however, cases of women being likelier than men to thoroughly question trans men about their motivations for modifying their bodies. Some scholars argue against assumptions that trans men are predominantly heterosexual and usually have lesbian histories. In scholars Dan Irving and Rupert Raj's book Trans Activism in Canada , researchers state, "There

496-407: A 2 star rating and said that the film takes on the topic of gender dysphoria with a talented cast but falls short in its execution, resulting in a frustrating and unenlightening journey that sacrifices truth for tastefulness. The movie had the potential to be more entertaining and informative. The film has been the subject of controversy regarding its casting of Fanning, a cisgender female actor, as

558-622: A German former shot putter who competed on the women's East German athletics team at SC Dynamo Berlin , and Ricardo del Real , a Mexican taekwando competitor in the 2000 Summer Olympics. More recently, Chris Mosier , a duathlon and triathlon competitor on the US National team in duathlon, successfully challenged the International Olympic Committee former policy that required surgery before transgender athletes could compete. Mosier's challenge led to

620-533: A baby, and breastfeed . In the United States, the ratio of trans men within the general population is unclear, but estimates range between 1:2,000 and 1:100,000. A U.S. Census Bureau study in 2015 suggests that there were around 58,000 name changes in census records consistent with female to male transitions although only 7,500 of these changed their sex coding as well. In a study by Kara Devaney, entitled Transgender Research Literature Review , it

682-415: A father. Ray feels lied to, alone, and as though he will be trapped in a female body forever. Grandma Dolly decides it is time for the four to have a man in the house. She now supports Ray's transition to a man. Matthew and Maggie talk. Craig signs the consent form after Maggie also does so. Ray finds happiness. Beckwith and Dellal began working on the screenplay in the fall of 2012, with Beckwith finishing

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744-774: A female fetus. Trans men experience issues during pregnancy not experienced by pregnant women. For example, trans men may experience discrimination on the base of their gender while receiving obstetric care. Many providers are unfamiliar with the needs of transgender patients. Additionally, some men report that being pregnant made their gender dysphoria worse. Despite the 2020s restrictions on transgender children and adults participation in athletics, trans boys and men have competed in many individual and team sports at high school, college, and professional levels. Early known examples of trans men who competed at international levels were often competitors in women's championships, and came out as trans men later in life. They include Zdeněk Koubek ,

806-434: A few different methods of binding, including using sports bras and specially made binders (which can be vest-type, or wrap-around style). Tape or bandages are often depicted in popular culture. Some trans men might also decide to pack , to create a phallic bulge in the crotch of clothing. However, this is not universal. Trans men who decide to pack may use anything from rolled up socks to specially made packers, which resemble

868-491: A majority of on the job deaths. Further, medical doctors provide men with less service, less advice, and spend less time with men than they do with women per medical encounter. Male sexuality and attraction varies between individuals, and a man's sexual behavior can be affected by many factors, including evolved predispositions , personality , upbringing , and culture . While most men are heterosexual , significant minorities are homosexual or bisexual . Most cultures use

930-533: A male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent ). Like most other male mammals , a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father. Sex differentiation of the male fetus is governed by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. During puberty, hormones which stimulate androgen production result in the development of secondary sexual characteristics that result in even more differences between

992-414: A male karyotype (XY). The SRY gene is typically found on the Y chromosome and causes the development of the testes, which in turn govern other aspects of male sex differentiation . Sex differentiation in males proceeds in a testes-dependent way while female differentiation is not gonad dependent. Primary sex characteristics (or sex organs) are characteristics that are present at birth and are integral to

1054-400: A male sex assignment. Masculinity (also sometimes called manhood or manliness ) is the set of personality traits and attributes associated with boys and men. Although masculinity is socially constructed , some research indicates that some behaviors considered masculine are biologically influenced. To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It

1116-441: A man's wardrobe include shirts, trousers, suits, and jackets, which are designed to provide both comfort and style while prioritizing functionality. Men's fashion also encompasses more casual garments such as t-shirts , sweatshirts , jeans , shorts , and swimwear , which are typically intended for informal settings. Cultural and regional traditions often influence men's fashion, resulting in diverse styles and garments that reflect

1178-690: A penis. Some packers are also created for trans men to be able to urinate through them ( stand-to-pee , or STP, devices), or for sexual penetration or other sexual activity (known as "pack-and-play"). Transitioning might involve some or all of the following steps: Being socially accepted as male (sometimes known as passing ) may be challenging for trans men who have not undergone HRT and/or surgery. Some trans men may choose to present as female in certain social situations (e.g. at work). After physical transition, trans men usually live full-time as male. However, some transmasculine individuals might choose to use and engage their bodies to be pregnant , birth

1240-725: A proactive role, initiate the relationship, plan dates, and propose marriage. Anthropology has shown that masculinity itself has social status , just like wealth, race and social class. In Western culture , for example, greater masculinity usually brings greater social status. Many English words such as virtue and virile (from the Indo-European root vir meaning man ) reflect this. In most cultures, male privilege allows men more rights and privileges than women. In societies where men are not given special legal privileges, they typically hold more positions of power, and men are seen as being taken more seriously in society. This

1302-435: A way that aligns with their gender identity or alleviates gender dysphoria . The umbrella term trans is a shortening of both transgender and transsexual , and describes anyone whose gender identity does not align with their assigned sex . Trans men who transition are commonly referred to as female-to-male ( FTM or F2M ). The term transsexual originated in the medical and psychological communities, and

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1364-480: A woman. Since sperm that enters a woman's uterus and then fallopian tubes goes on to fertilize an egg which develops into a fetus or child, the male reproductive system plays no necessary role during the gestation . The study of male reproduction and associated organs is called andrology . Testosterone stimulates the development of the Wolffian ducts , the penis, and closure of the labioscrotal folds into

1426-447: A worthy premise on a thinly written story that focuses on dramatic signposts at the expense of genuine character development." On Metacritic , the film has a score of 47 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Andrew Barker of Variety wrote: "Dellal's likably chaotic direction and a bevy of solid performances make sure the film's beating heart outweighs most of its contrivances." RogerEbert.com gave it

1488-516: Is armed conflicts , where men are often the immediate victims. A study of conflicts in 13 countries from 1955 to 2002 found that 81% of all violent war deaths were male. Apart from armed conflicts, areas with high incidence of violence, such as regions controlled by drug cartels , also see men experiencing higher mortality rates. This stems from social beliefs that associate ideals of masculinity with aggressive, confrontational behavior. Lastly, sudden and drastic changes in economic environments and

1550-541: Is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex , as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. Men generally face social stigma for embodying feminine traits, more so than women do for embodying masculine traits. This can also manifest as homophobia . Standards of manliness or masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. While the outward signs of masculinity look different in different cultures, there are some common aspects to its definition across cultures. In all cultures in

1612-709: Is addressed that the term transgender encompasses a myriad of different and unique identities that do not follow the "normal" rules of gender. Miriam J. Abelson writes, "There is no question that trans men's experiences are men's experiences and give insight about men, masculinity, and gender inequality." Like cisgender men, trans men can have any sexual orientation or sexual identity , including heterosexual , gay , bisexual , and queer , and some trans men consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them. The literature commonly indicates that sexual attraction to those of their same gender (e.g., trans men liking men and trans women liking women)

1674-415: Is an absent parent and Maggie is afraid to make such a permanent decision. Maggie locates Ray's father, but he wants some time to think. Blaming father Craig's indecision gives Maggie time to stall. On his own, Ray locates his father to find him, married with three children. He also learns that Maggie slept with Craig's brother and that "uncle" Matthew might be his real father. Maggie is the reason he never had

1736-642: Is associated with a "gender-role strain" in which men face increased societal pressure to conform to gender roles. The earliest known recorded name of a man in writing is potentially Kushim , who would have lived sometime between 3400 and 3000 BC in the Sumerian city of Uruk ; though his name may have been a title rather than his actual name. The earliest confirmed names are that of Gal-Sal and his two slaves named En-pap X and Sukkalgir, from c.  3100 BC . Men may have children, whether biological or adopted ; such men are called fathers. The role of men in

1798-692: Is considerably less common among trans men than among trans women; the majority of trans men are reported as heterosexual. Surveys from the National Center for Transgender Equality show more variation in sexual orientation or sexual identity among trans men. In NCTE's 2015 Transgender Survey of respondents who identified as trans men, 23% identified as heterosexual or straight. The majority (65%) identified their sexual orientation or sexual identity as queer (24%), pansexual (17%), bisexual (12%), or gay/ same-gender loving (12%). Some trans men date heterosexual women, while other trans men date queer women;

1860-440: Is generally considered a subset of transgender , although the two are not always interchangeable. It predominantly describes people with medically diagnosed gender dysphoria , and who desire to permanently transition to the opposite sex via sex reassignment therapy . Many trans people prefer the labels transgender or trans , considering them more inclusive and less stigmatizing. However, others, such as Buck Angel , reject

1922-715: Is overwhelmingly discriminatory , currently only ten countries include women in their conscription programs. Men continue to hold more dangerous jobs than women, even in developed countries. In the United States in 2020, ten times as many men died on the job as women, and a man was ten times more likely to die on the job than a woman. Media portrayals of men often replicate traditional understanding of masculinity. Men are portrayed more frequently in television than women and most commonly appear as leads in action and drama programming. Men are typically more active in television programming than women and typically hold more power and status. Due to their prominence, men are more likely to be both

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1984-1165: Is partially masculine but not entirely male. The alternate spelling transman is sometimes used interchangeably. However, like transwoman , it is often associated with trans-exclusionary views which hold that trans men are distinct from men, and thus require a separate word to describe them. For this reason many transgender people find the spelling offensive. Originally, the term trans men referred specifically to female-to-male transsexual people who underwent hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or sex reassignment surgery (SRS), or both. The definition of transition has broadened to include theories of psychological development or complementary methods of self-acceptance. Many of those who identify as transgender face gender dysphoria . Transsexual and transgender men may seek medical interventions such as hormones and surgery to make their bodies as congruent as possible with their gender presentation. However, many transgender and transsexual men cannot afford or choose not to undergo surgery or hormone replacement therapy. Many who have not undergone top surgery choose to bind their breasts. There are

2046-523: Is stigmatized. Domestic violence against men is similarly stigmatized, although men make up half of the victims in heterosexual couples. Opponents of circumcision describe it as a human rights violation. The fathers' rights movement seeks to support separated fathers that do not receive equal rights to care for their children. The men's movement is the response to issues faced by men in Western countries. It includes pro-feminist groups such as

2108-1059: Is still a common misperception that trans men are largely heterosexual amongst those who conflate gender identity and sexual orientation. It is frequently assumed that trans men are exclusively attracted to women and have lesbian histories prior to transition." They add, "Recent data from the Trans PULSE project (Bauer, Redman, Bradley, & Scheim, 2013) challenge this assumption, with 63 percent of female-to-male spectrum trans people in Ontario reporting non-heterosexual identities and/or past-year sex with trans or non-trans men." They also argue that, based on some research, "many non-trans gay men have welcomed trans men into gay communities and have increasingly recognized trans men as potential sexual and romantic partners." Trans men and transmasculine people often face difficulty and discrimination receiving medical treatment, due to both bias against assigned-female patients and against transgender people . In

2170-594: Is still increasing. Trans men with an intact female reproductive system may become pregnant . According to surveys compiled by Medicare for Australia, 75 male-identifying parents gave birth in Australia in 2016, and 40 in 2017. Although testosterone therapy eventually induces amenorrhea in most trans men, trans men with uteri are still at risk of pregnancy even if they no longer have periods. Additionally, trans men are likely to live in poverty and have inadequate access to healthcare, so many do not have access to

2232-570: The World Boxing Council women's flyweight title from 2013 to 2014; NCAA swimmer Schuyler Bailar , and high school state wrestling champion Mack Beggs , who won the Texas state girls' wrestling title in 2017 despite efforts to bar him from participating. (State rules required him to compete according to sex assigned at birth . ) In basketball, noted trans men include Jay Mulucha , an LGBTQI activist and Ugandan basketball player with

2294-412: The contraceptives they may want or need. Trans men can use barrier methods, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and other methods of contraception while taking testosterone. Trans men must discontinue testosterone while attempting to conceive, while pregnant, and while breastfeeding, because high levels of testosterone during pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities , specifically with the urogenital system of

2356-487: The men's liberation movement , and anti-feminist groups such as the manosphere . The Mars symbol (♂) is a common symbol that represents the male sex. The symbol is identical to the planetary symbol of Mars . It was first used to denote sex by Carl Linnaeus in 1751. The symbol is sometimes seen as a stylized representation of the shield and spear of the Roman god Mars . According to Stearn, however, this derivation

2418-438: The sexually dimorphic phenotypic traits that distinguish between the sexes, but—unlike the primary sex characteristics—are not directly part of the reproductive system . Secondary sexual characteristics that are specific to men include: Men weigh more than women. On average, men are taller than women by about 10%. On average, men have a larger waist in comparison to their hips (see waist–hip ratio ) than women. In women,

2480-410: The vasa deferentia and ejaculatory ducts , tubular structures that transfer the mature sperm to the urethra. The external male genitalia consist of the penis , an organ that expels semen , and the scrotum , a pouch of skin housing the testicles. The male reproductive system's function is to produce semen , which carries sperm and thus genetic information that can unite with an egg within

2542-552: The "head of household" and held additional social privileges. Men have traditionally held jobs that were not available to women. Such jobs tended to be either more strenuous, more prestigious, or more dangerous. Modern men increasingly take untraditional career paths, such as staying home and raising children while their partner works. Modern men tend to work longer than women, which impacts their ability to spend time with their families. Even in modern times, some jobs remain available only to men, such as military service. Conscription

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2604-402: The 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey , 42% of 8,037 trans men reported negative experiences with healthcare providers. There is a lack of credible research about how to provide adequate healthcare to transmasculine people undergoing medical transition, notably with doctors having difficulty diagnosing breast cancer in people who have undergone top surgery . HIV infection between trans men and others

2666-558: The Magic Stormers in the Federation of Uganda Basketball League (FUBA), and American basketball player Kye Allums , the first openly transgender NCAA Division I college athlete. Harrison Browne was the first openly transgender athlete in professional American hockey, coming out in 2016 and transitioning medically after his retirement from professional sports in 2018. Kumi Yokoyama is a Japanese footballer who plays as

2728-430: The comment was "misunderstood", saying, "When I did that Refinery29 interview, it was because I was talking about Elle Fanning as an actress, and I kept referring to her as she." Transgender man A trans man (short for transgender man ) is a man who was assigned female at birth . Trans men have a male gender identity , and many trans men undergo medical and social transition to alter their appearance in

2790-432: The common cold found that doctors underrate the symptoms of men, and are more willing to attribute symptoms and illness to women than men. Women live longer than men in all countries, and across all age groups, for which reliable records exist. In the United States, men are less healthy than women across all social classes. Non-white men are especially unhealthy. Men are over-represented in dangerous occupations and represent

2852-1028: The creation and adoption of new IOC guidelines for the participation of transgender athletes and in World Championships. Mosier was considered the catalyst for change in the policy in January 2016, after he successfully advocated for change in the policy Another Olympic team athlete, former member of Japan's Olympic fencing team Fumino Sugiyama , is now a transgender rights activist and works to promote acceptance and participation of trans athletes in Japanese sports. Track and field athletes include retired German pole vaulter Balian Buschbaum and American NCAA college athlete Keelin Godsey (hammer throw). Competitive athletes in individual sports include American professional boxer Patricio Manuel , and Japanese former professional boxer Shindo Go, who held

2914-555: The family has shifted considerably in the 20th and 21st centuries, taking on a more active role in raising children in most societies. Men would traditionally marry a woman when raising children, but in modern times many countries now allow for same-sex marriage , and for those couples to raise children either via adoption or surrogacy . Men may be single parents , and are increasingly so in modern times, though women are three times more likely to be single parents than men. In paternal societies, men have typically have been regarded as

2976-539: The first draft in the spring of 2013. On October 30, 2014, Elle Fanning , Naomi Watts and Susan Sarandon were announced to have joined the film. On November 18, 2014, Tate Donovan joined the cast. On November 25, 2014, Sam Trammell joined the cast. Filming took place in New York City and Westchester County , New York, over the course of 25 days in November and December 2014. In August 2015, Michael Brook

3038-451: The index and ring fingers tend to be either more similar in size or their index finger is slightly longer than their ring finger, whereas men's ring finger tends to be longer. The internal male genitalia consist of the testicles , gonads that produce male gametes called sperm , the prostate , seminal vesicles , and bulbourethral glands , accessory glands that partake in sperm health, the epididymides , organs that store sperm cells, and

3100-460: The label of transgender . The GLAAD media reference guide advises against describing people as transsexual , except for individuals who explicitly identify as such. Transmasculine (sometimes clipped to transmasc ) is a broader term for all trans individuals with predominantly masculine identities or gender expression , and includes trans men as well as non-binary people who were assigned female at birth and may have an identity that

3162-417: The latter might be because queer women are less invested in the gender and sexual anatomy of a person when it comes to selecting an intimate partner. It is also common for trans men to have histories with the lesbian community or to feel that they identify better with that community because of its wide acceptance of gender variance , with a number of trans men having previously identified as lesbian (often as

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3224-436: The loss of social safety nets , in particular social subsidies and food stamps, have also been linked to higher levels of alcohol consumption and psychological stress among men, leading to a spike in male mortality rates. This is because such situations often makes it harder for men to provide for their family, a task that has been long regarded as the "essence of masculinity." A retrospective analyses of people infected with

3286-407: The objects and instigators of humorous or disparaging content. Fathers are often portrayed in television as either idealized and caring or clumsy and inept. In advertising, men are disproportionately featured in advertisements for alcohol, vehicles, and business products. Men's clothing typically encompasses a range of garments designed for various occasions, seasons, and styles. Fundamental items of

3348-750: The past, and still among traditional and non-Western cultures, getting married is the most common and definitive distinction between boyhood and manhood. In the late 20th century, some qualities traditionally associated with marriage (such as the "triple Ps" of protecting, providing, and procreating ) were still considered signs of having achieved manhood. Platonic relationships are not significantly different between men and women, though some differences do exist. Friendships involving men tend to be based more on shared activities than self-disclosure and personal connection. Perceptions of friendship involving men varies among cultures and time periods. In heterosexual romantic relationships, men are typically expected to take

3410-592: The reproductive process. For men, primary sex characteristics include the penis and testicles . Adult humans exhibit sexual dimorphism in many other characteristics, many of which have no direct link to reproductive ability. Humans are sexually dimorphic in body size, body structure, and body composition. Men tend to be taller and heavier than women, and adjusted for height, men tend to have greater lean and bone mass than women, and lower fat mass. Secondary sex characteristics are features that appear during puberty in humans . Such features are especially evident in

3472-504: The scrotum. Another significant hormone in sexual differentiation is the anti-Müllerian hormone , which inhibits the development of the Müllerian ducts . For males during puberty, testosterone, along with gonadotropins released by the pituitary gland , stimulates spermatogenesis . While a majority of the global health gender disparities is weighted against women, there are situations in which men tend to fare poorer. One such instance

3534-825: The sexes. These include greater muscle mass , greater height, the growth of facial hair and a lower body fat composition. Male anatomy is distinguished from female anatomy by the male reproductive system , which includes the testicles , sperm ducts , prostate gland and epididymides , and penis . Secondary sex characteristics include a narrower pelvis and hips , and smaller breasts and nipples . Throughout human history , traditional gender roles have often defined men's activities and opportunities. Men often face conscription into military service or are directed into professions with high mortality rates . Many religious doctrines stipulate certain rules for men, such as religious circumcision . Men are over-represented as both perpetrators and victims of violence . Trans men have

3596-659: The title About Ray . It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2015, to lukewarm reviews. Subsequently, the film was pulled from the schedule days before its intended release date. In March 2017, it was announced that the film was scheduled to be released on May 5, 2017, under the title 3 Generations . On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 33% based on 46 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10 (as of February 2023). The site's critical consensus reads, " 3 Generations squanders

3658-531: The unique characteristics of different parts of the world. Men traditionally received more education than women as a result of single-sex education . Universal education, meaning state-provided primary and secondary education independent of gender, is not yet a global norm, even if it is assumed in most developed countries. In the 21st century, the balance has shifted in many developed nations, and men now lag behind women in education. Men are more likely than women to be faculty at universities. In 2020, 90% of

3720-472: The world's men were literate , compared to 87% of women. But sub-Saharan Africa, and southwest Asia lagged behind the rest of the world; only 72% of men in sub-Saharan Africa were literate. In most societies, men have more legal and cultural rights than women. and misogyny is far more prevalent than misandry in society. While one in six male experiences sexual assault , men typically receive less support after being victims of it, and rape of males

3782-464: Was wer . Mann only came to mean "man" in Middle English, replacing wer , which survives today only in the compounds " werewolf " (from Old English werwulf , literally "man-wolf"), and " wergild ", literally "man-payment". In humans, sperm cells carry either an X or a Y sex chromosome. If a sperm cell carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes the female ovum , the offspring will have

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3844-477: Was announced as the composer for the film. In April 2016, Dellal posted pictures on Instagram indicating that she was re-editing the film. The score by Brook was replaced by West Dylan Thordson . On May 15, 2015, The Weinstein Company acquired distribution rights to the film, then titled Three Generations , in a $ 6 million deal. In June 2015, the film was announced to be released on September 18, 2015, under

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