Victim mentality is a Pseudopsychological concept referring to a mindset in which a person, or group of people, tends to recognize or consider themselves a victim of the negative actions of others. In most cases, those with a preposed victim mentality have in fact been the victim of wrongdoing by others or have otherwise suffered misfortune through no fault of their own. The term is also used in reference to the tendency for blaming one's misfortunes on somebody else's misdeeds, which is also referred to as victimism .
61-499: Tiv or TIV may refer to: Tendency for Interpersonal Victimhood , a recently proposed personality disorder Tiv people , an ethnic nation in West Africa Tiv language , a Southern Bantoid language Time-invariant system Tornado Intercept Vehicle Trivalent influenza vaccine Turbine installation vessel T-IV mine , a Soviet anti-tank mine Fokker T.IV ,
122-508: A progenitor in economics and the paradigm founder of ecological economics . Georgescu-Roegen made extensive use of the entropy concept in his magnum opus on The Entropy Law and the Economic Process . Since the 1990s, leading ecological economist and steady-state theorist Herman Daly —a student of Georgescu-Roegen—has been the economic profession's most influential proponent of entropy pessimism. Among other matters,
183-510: A Dutch torpedo bomber/maritime reconnaissance floatplane Tivat Airport , by IATA airport code trend-indicator value , a measure of major conventional weapons delivery volume, developed by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute People with the name [ edit ] Tiv (illustrator) , a female South Korean illustrator who currently lives in Japan. Tiv Ol , Cambodian teacher and communist politician Topics referred to by
244-408: A complicated relationship with the label of a victim, may feel that they are required to accept it to receive aid or for legal processes; they may feel accepting the label is necessary to avoid blame; they may want to reject it to avoid stigmatization, or give themselves a sense of agency; they may accept the label due to a desire for justice rather than sympathy. There can be a false dichotomy between
305-431: A dimmer switch, a process known as epigenetics . Through history, some have concluded that a pessimistic attitude, although justified, must be avoided to endure. Optimistic attitudes are favored and of emotional consideration. Al-Ghazali and William James rejected their pessimism after suffering psychological , or even psychosomatic illness. Criticisms of this sort however assume that pessimism leads inevitably to
366-687: A generally pessimistic way. William F. Buckley famously remarked that he was "standing athwart history yelling 'stop! ' ", and Whittaker Chambers (1901-1961) was convinced that capitalism was bound to fall to communism , though he himself became staunchly anti-communist . Social conservatives often see the West as a decadent and nihilistic civilization which has abandoned its roots in Christianity and/or Greek philosophy, leaving it doomed to fall into moral and political decay. Robert Bork 's Slouching Toward Gomorrah and Allan Bloom 's The Closing of
427-560: A happy pessimist. Accusations of pessimism may be used to silence legitimate criticism. The economist Nouriel Roubini (who introduces himself as Dr. Doom) was largely dismissed as a pessimist, for his dire but to some extent accurate predictions of a coming global financial crisis, in 2006. However, financial journalist Justin Fox observed in the Harvard Business Review in 2010 that "In fact, Roubini didn't exactly predict
488-531: A little weirded out by the status of prophet that he has been accorded since." Others noted that "The problem is that even though he was spectacularly right on this one, he went on to predict time and time again, as the markets and the economy recovered in the years following the collapse, that there would be a follow-up crisis and that more extreme crashes were inevitable. His calls, after his initial pronouncement, were consistently wrong. Indeed, if you had listened to him, and many investors did, you would have missed
549-472: A long tradition in the Kainuu region, mostly because Kainuu was a poor region that had often suffered from famines in the late 19th century and early 20th century, which is why the region is also called a "hunger land". Technological pessimism is the belief that advances in science and technology do not lead to an improvement in the human condition. Technological pessimism can be said to have originated during
610-440: A mood of darkness and utter depression. Many philosophers would disagree, claiming that the term "pessimism" is being abused. The link between pessimism and nihilism is present, but the former does not necessarily lead to the latter, as philosophers such as Albert Camus believed. Happiness is not inextricably linked to optimism , nor is pessimism inextricably linked to unhappiness. One could easily imagine an unhappy optimist, and
671-558: A nationwide mail bombing campaign. In his 1995 Unabomber manifesto , he called attention to the erosion of human freedom by the rise of the modern "industrial-technological system". The manifesto begins thus: The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. They have greatly increased the life-expectancy of those of us who live in "advanced" countries, but they have destabilized society, have made life unfulfilling, have subjected human beings to indignities, have led to widespread psychological suffering (in
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#1732765629015732-576: A persons personality trait who embodies their belief to be in constant victims and pains of the action from other people. Although self-pity every now and then is something normal as that is one of the key stages of grief, it should be temporary and small compared to the exaggerated feelings of guilt, shame, helplessness, etc. More often than not, people who are complex victims gets really easily consumed by depression. It has been typically characterized by attitudes of pessimism , self-pity , and repressed anger . People with victim mentality may also: At
793-654: A progression of self-realization, social recognition, and eventual attempts to maintain victimhood status. Researchers have observed that a strong feeling of collective victimhood is associated with a low forgiveness level and an increased desire for revenge. They noted this pattern replicated in different contexts such as the Holocaust , the conflict in Northern Ireland , and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . Competitive victimhood refers to
854-401: A reaction to an immoral world and furthermore feeling that authorities are unfairly singling them out for persecution. This mentality could also be branched from patterns of trauma which could make oneself feel like a victim. Characteristics of the victimhood mindset have been observed at the group level, although not all individual-level traits apply. Victim complex tends to be described as
915-401: A return to some type of faith and revelation . Richard Rorty , Michel Foucault , and Ludwig Wittgenstein questioned whether our particular concepts could relate to the world in any absolute way and whether we can justify our ways of describing the world as compared with other ways. In general, these philosophers argue that truth was not about getting it right or representing reality, but
976-494: A stopped clock is right twice a day." Economist Nariman Behravesh said: "Nouriel Roubini has been singing the doom-and-gloom story for 10 years. Eventually something was going to be right." Personality Plus opines that pessimistic temperaments ( e.g. , melancholy and phlegmatic ) can be useful inasmuch as pessimists' focus on the negative helps them spot problems that people with more optimistic temperaments ( e.g. , choleric and sanguine ) miss. Philosophical pessimism
1037-489: A tendency to view one's group as having suffered more compared to an adversarial group and describes the dynamic in violent, intractable conflicts where each group seeks to demonstrate that it has suffered more than the adversarial group. As a result, groups involved in violent conflicts tend perceive their victimization as exclusive and may belittle, minimize, or even deny the adversarial group’s pain and suffering. Researchers observe that competitive victimhood arises from
1098-487: A whole, and those who choose to use the label victim mentality ; expecting individuals to only be "true victims" by showing fortitude and refusing to show pain, with displays of pain being seen as a sign of weakness. This will create an environment where a victim is expected to share their emotions, only to be judged for displaying them. Victimology has studied the perceptions of victims from sociological and psychological perspectives. People who are victims of crime have
1159-547: Is " Is the glass half empty or half full? "; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking. The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus , meaning 'the worst'. It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire 's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme . Voltaire
1220-509: Is a common method used by those who are depressed. They let people assume they are revealing everything which proves to be an effective way of hiding. The pessimism item on the Beck Depression Inventory has been judged useful in predicting suicides . The Beck Hopelessness Scale has also been described as a measurement of pessimism. Wender and Klein point out that pessimism can be useful in some circumstances: "If one
1281-422: Is because philosophical pessimists tend to be skeptical that any politics of social progress can actually improve the human condition. As Cioran states, "every step forward is followed by a step back: this is the unfruitful oscillation of history". Cioran also attacks political optimism because it creates an "idolatry of tomorrow" which can be used to authorize anything in its name. This does not mean however, that
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#17327656290151342-399: Is chiefly responsible for modern optimism. How could he have failed to see that consciousness changes only its forms and modalities, but never progresses?" Philosophical pessimism is differentiated from other political philosophies by having no ideal governmental structure or political project, rather pessimism generally tends to be an anti- systematic philosophy of individual action. This
1403-423: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Tendency for Interpersonal Victimhood Victim mentality is primarily developed, for example, from family members and situations during childhood. Similarly, criminals often engage in victim thinking, believing themselves to be moral and engaging in crime only as
1464-432: Is going wrong. [...] Farmers are generally on the verge of ruin. Trade is always bad. The Church is in danger. The House of Lords isn't worth a dozen years' purchase. The throne totters." Oswald Spengler 's The Decline of the West (1918–1922) popularised pessimism. Spengler promoted a cyclic model of history similar to the theories of Giambattista Vico (1668–1744). Spengler believed that modern western civilization
1525-521: Is not a state of mind or a psychological disposition, but rather it is a worldview or philosophical position that assigns a negative value to life or existence. Philosophical pessimists commonly argue that the world contains an empirical prevalence of pains over pleasures, that existence is ontologically or metaphysically adverse to living beings, and that life is fundamentally meaningless or without purpose . There are several theories of epistemology which could arguably be said to be pessimistic in
1586-554: Is subject to a series of defeats, it pays to adopt a conservative game plan of sitting back and waiting and letting others take the risks. Such waiting would be fostered by a pessimistic outlook. Similarly if one is raking in the chips of life, it pays to adopt an expansive risk-taking approach, and thus maximize access to scarce resources." The leading causes of pessimism are genetics , past experience, and social and environmental factors. One study of 5,187 teenage twins and their siblings suggests that genetics may account for one-third of
1647-421: Is when: "humans overpopulate until they do more harm than good." Lovelock states: The presence of 7 billion people aiming for first-world comforts…is clearly incompatible with the homeostasis of climate but also with chemistry, biological diversity and the economy of the system. Some radical environmentalists , anti-globalization activists, and Neo-luddites can be said to hold to this type of pessimism about
1708-535: The Industrial Revolution with the Luddite movement. Luddites blamed the rise of industrial mills and advanced factory machinery for the loss of their jobs and set out to destroy them. The Romantic movement was also pessimistic towards the rise of technology and longed for simpler and more natural times. Poets like William Wordsworth and William Blake believed that industrialization was polluting
1769-458: The ecology of the Earth has already been irretrievably damaged, and even an unrealistic shift in politics would not be enough to save it. According to Lovelock, the Earth's climate regulation system is being overwhelmed by pollution and the Earth will soon jump from its current state into a dramatically hotter climate. Lovelock blames this state of affairs on what he calls "polyanthroponemia", which
1830-477: The first law of thermodynamics , matter and energy is neither created nor destroyed in the economy. According to the second law of thermodynamics —also known as the entropy law —what happens in the economy is that all matter and energy is transformed from states available for human purposes (valuable natural resources ) to states unavailable for human purposes (valueless waste and pollution ). In effect, all of man's technologies and activities are only speeding up
1891-535: The welfare state . Political pessimism has sometimes found expression in dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four . Political pessimism about one's country often correlates with a desire to emigrate . During the financial crisis of 2007–08 in the United States, the neologism " pessimism porn " came to describe the alleged eschatological and survivalist thrill some people derive from predicting, reading, and fantasizing about
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1952-532: The American Mind are famous expressions of this point of view. Many economic conservatives and libertarians believe that the expansion of the state and the role of government in society is inevitable, and that they are at best fighting a holding action against it. They hold that the natural tendency of people is to be ruled and that freedom is an exceptional state of affairs which is now being abandoned in favor of social and economic security provided by
2013-505: The Third World to physical suffering as well) and have inflicted severe damage on the natural world. The continued development of technology will worsen the situation. It will certainly subject human beings to greater indignities and inflict greater damage on the natural world, it will probably lead to greater social disruption and psychological suffering, and it may lead to increased physical suffering even in "advanced" countries. One of
2074-577: The collapse of civil society through the destruction of the world's economic system. Puolanka , a municipality located in the Kainuu region in the northern Finland , has been called the "most pessimistic municipality in Finland", and in 2019, the municipality gained worldwide publicity when the BBC published a video about Puolanka, describing it as the "most pessimistic town in the world". Pessimism has
2135-585: The conflicting parties' desire to defend their moral image, restore agency, and gain power. Competitive victimhood has been found to critically and significantly hinder conflict resolution and reconciliation, as well as decrease the potential for future peaceful coexistence . Some researchers have argued that victim beliefs do not necessarily contribute to group conflict, hypothesizing that victim beliefs which recognize similarities between victim groups' experiences may increase empathy and prosocial behavior toward out-groups and adversarial groups. This may aid in
2196-431: The crisis that began in mid-2007... Roubini spent several years predicting a very different sort of crisis—one in which foreign central banks diversifying their holdings out of Treasuries sparked a run on the dollar—only to turn in late 2006 to warning of a U.S. housing bust and a global 'hard landing'. He still didn't give a perfectly clear or (in retrospect) accurate vision of how exactly this would play out... I'm more than
2257-485: The effects of modern "progress". A more radical form of environmental pessimism is anarcho-primitivism which faults the agricultural revolution with giving rise to social stratification, coercion, and alienation. Some anarcho-primitivists promote deindustrialization , abandonment of modern technology and rewilding . An infamous anarcho-primitivist is Theodore Kaczynski , also known as the Unabomber, who engaged in
2318-433: The entropy pessimism position is concerned with the existential impossibility of allocating Earth's finite stock of mineral resources evenly among an unknown number of present and future generations. This number of generations is likely to remain unknown to us, as there is no way—or only little way—of knowing in advance if or when mankind will ultimately face extinction . In effect, any conceivable intertemporal allocation of
2379-404: The general march against a future planetary "heat death" of degraded energy, exhausted natural resources and a deteriorated environment—a state of maximum entropy locally on earth; "locally" on earth, that is, when compared to the heat death of the universe , taken as a whole. The term "entropy pessimism" was coined to describe the work of Romanian American economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen ,
2440-401: The household. It has been found that victims who disclose to their family members early on usually have higher levels of support from family members and their community. Encouragement to disclose their traumatic experience sooner, rather than later, is greatly needed. Studies conducted by Andronnikova and Kudinov sought to determine a correlation between the degree of abuse and victimhood, and
2501-583: The individual and collective level, other features of a victim mentality include: Victims of abuse and manipulation are often trapped in a self-image of victimization. The psychological profile of victimization includes a variety of feelings and emotions, such as pervasive sense of helplessness, passivity, loss of control, pessimism , negative thinking, strong feelings of guilt , shame , self-blame , and depression . This way of thinking can lead one to hopelessness and despair. The victim role can be reinforced by individuals viewing themselves as having had
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2562-485: The longest bull market run in US market history." Another observed: "For a prophet, he's wrong an awful lot of the time." Tony Robbins wrote: "Roubini warned of a recession in 2004 (wrongly), 2005 (wrongly), 2006 (wrongly), and 2007 (wrongly)" ... and he "predicted (wrongly) that there'd be a 'significant' stock market correction in 2013." Speaking about Roubini, economist Anirvan Banerji told The New York Times : "Even
2623-463: The most radical pessimist organizations is the voluntary human extinction movement , which argues for the extinction of the human race through antinatalism . Pope Francis ' controversial 2015 encyclical on ecological issues is rife with pessimistic assessments of the role of technology in the modern world . "Entropy pessimism" represents a special case of technological and environmental pessimism, based on thermodynamic principles . According to
2684-463: The pessimist cannot be politically involved, as Camus argued in The Rebel (1951). Pessimism about the human condition was also expressed by Hobbes (1588–1679). There is another strain of thought generally associated with a pessimistic worldview, this is the pessimism of cultural criticism and social decline . Anthony Trollope summarised the attitude with gentle mockery in 1880: "Everything
2745-411: The process. Successful techniques have included therapeutic teaching methods regarding concepts of normative decision theory , emotional intelligence , cognitive therapy , and psychological locus of control . These methods have proven helpful in allowing individuals with a victim mentality mindset to both recognize and release the mindset. Trauma can undermine an individual's assumptions about
2806-405: The purity of nature. Some social critics and environmentalists believe that globalization , overpopulation and the economic practices of modern capitalist states over-stress the planet's ecological equilibrium . They warn that unless something is done to slow this, climate change will worsen eventually leading to some form of social and ecological collapse . James Lovelock believes that
2867-460: The reconciliation process, decreasing competitive victimhood and increasing forgiveness. Other researchers hypothesize that rather than emphasizing inclusive victimhood, the emphasis should instead be on shared humanity . Pessimism Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism
2928-442: The roles of victim and survivor, which either does not acknowledge the agency that victims exerted (for example, leaving their abusers) or the fact that others' behaviour caused them harm. Collective victimhood is a mindset shared by group members that one’s own group has been harmed deliberately and undeservedly by another group. Political psychologists Bar-Tal and Chernyak-Hai write that collective victim mentality develops from
2989-801: The same agency at the time they were victimized as they have in the present. It is common for a therapist to take a long period of time to build a trusting relationship with a victim. Oftentimes, victims will develop a distrust of authority figures, along with the expectation of being hurt or exploited. Sexual abuse and victim mentality appear to have strong connections. Regardless of gender, all age groups forced to participate in and perform non-consensual sexual acts are more likely to develop feelings of self-recrimination, guilt, and self-blame for acts that they were forced to perform. Sexual abuse may also manifest in other ways such as petting, lewd verbal suggestions and communication, and exposure of one's body for sexual pleasure. According to Koçtürk, Nilüfer et al.
3050-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tiv . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiv&oldid=1238212664 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3111-460: The sense that they consider it difficult or even impossible to obtain knowledge about the world. These ideas are generally related to nihilism , philosophical skepticism , and relativism . Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819) analyzed rationalism , and in particular Immanuel Kant 's "critical" philosophy to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism reduces to nihilism, and thus it should be avoided and replaced with
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#17327656290153172-473: The situation leading to that mental state, symptoms of PTSD or hostility can be mediated. For adolescent victims, group support and psychodrama techniques can help people gain a realistic view of past traumas, seeing that they were helpless but are no longer so. These techniques emphasize the victims' feelings and expressing those feelings. Support groups are useful in allowing others to practice assertiveness techniques, and warmly supporting others in
3233-423: The stock will inevitably end up with universal economic decline at some future point. Entropy pessimism is a widespread view in ecological economics and in the degrowth movement . Bibas writes that some criminal defense attorneys prefer to err on the side of pessimism: "Optimistic forecasts risk being proven disastrously wrong at trial, an embarrassing result that makes clients angry. On
3294-533: The study of depression . Psychologists trace pessimistic attitudes to emotional pain or even biology. Aaron Beck argues that depression is due to unrealistic negative views about the world. Beck starts treatment by engaging in conversation with clients about their unhelpful thoughts. Pessimists, however, are often able to provide arguments that suggest that their understanding of reality is justified; as in Depressive realism or ( pessimistic realism ). Deflection
3355-463: The timing of disclosure among victims of abuse may vary, especially when it comes to sexual abuse. If the event occurred during their childhood or teenage years, they may not tell anyone until adulthood. The reasons for doing so are numerous, such as not wanting to draw attention to the event, not wanting the event to become a public spectacle, fear that their peers, friends, and others would think negatively of them, and not wanting to cause problems within
3416-404: The variance in whether someone leans toward pessimism vs. optimism , with the remaining variance due to their environment, and twin studies suggest that, when it comes to personality, about half the differences between us are because of genetic factors. But Spector points out that throughout our lives, in response to environmental factors, our genes are constantly being dialled up and down as with
3477-432: The victim's likelihood to exhibit behaviors consistent with a victim mentality. Studies were successful in identifying a strong correlation between those with a victim mentality and negative behaviors such as catastrophizing, self-demandingness, demandingness to others, and low frustration tolerance. In 2005, a study led by psychologist Charles R. Snyder indicated that if a victim mentality sufferer forgives themselves or
3538-472: The world as a just and reasonable place and scientific studies have found that validation of trauma is important for therapeutic recovery. It is normal for victims to want perpetrators to take responsibility for their wrongdoing and studies conducted on patients and therapists indicate that they consider the validation of trauma and victimization as important for therapeutic recovery. De Lint and Marmo identify an 'antivictimism' mentality existing within society as
3599-921: Was in a "winter" age of decline ( German : Untergang ). Spenglerian theory was immensely influential in interwar Europe, especially in Weimar Germany . Similarly, traditionalist Julius Evola (1898–1974) thought that the world was in the Kali Yuga , a Dark Age of moral decline. Intellectuals such as Oliver James correlate economic progress with economic inequality , the stimulation of artificial needs, and affluenza . Anti-consumerists identify rising trends of conspicuous consumption and self-interested, image-conscious behavior in culture. Post-modernists like Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007) have even argued that culture (and therefore our lives) now has no basis in reality whatsoever. Conservative thinkers, especially social conservatives , often perceive politics in
3660-459: Was part of subjective social relations of power , or language-games that served our purposes in a particular time. Therefore, these forms of anti-foundationalism , while not being pessimistic per se, reject any definitions that claim to have discovered absolute 'truths' or foundational facts about the world as valid. Philosophical pessimism stands opposed to the optimism or even utopianism of Hegelian philosophies. Emil Cioran claimed "Hegel
3721-519: Was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'. In their attacks on Voltaire, the Jesuits of the Revue de Trévoux accused him of pessimisme . In the ancient world , psychological pessimism was associated with melancholy , and was believed to be caused by an excess of black bile in the body. The study of pessimism has parallels with
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