34-527: Tihar may refer to: Tihar (festival) , Nepalese festival Tihar Village , village in Delhi Tihar Jail , jail in Delhi Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tihar . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
68-491: A tika on their forehead and garlands of marigolds around their necks. This day celebrates the special relationship between humans and dogs. At the gates of Svarga , Yudhishthira refuses to enter without the dog, who reveals himself to be the god Yama. Thus, the ancient bond between man and dog is established in the Mahabharata . As mentioned in the Mahabharata , Bhairava , a fierce manifestation of Lord Shiva , had
102-400: A consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as councillors, ministers and diplomats. There was no one single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion. Another reason was the minority of
136-463: A dog as a vahana (vehicle). Yama , the god of death, is believed to own two guard dogs – each with four eyes. The dogs are said to watch over the gates of Naraka , the Hindu concept of Hell . Owing to this belief, this day is also observed as Naraka Chaturdashi . Kukur Tihar has since acquired widespread popularity on the internet and in 2016, was even adopted by a Mexican animal rights group for
170-468: A great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river after which Kaji Bhimsen killed 55 senior officials to benefit from the chaos. He was declared Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal and led the new government from a royal mandate of minor King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah . Mukhtiyars ruled over the executive and administrative functions of
204-556: A similar celebration in Mexico City. The morning of the third day is called Gai (cow) Tihar. The cow is an especially important animal in Hinduism and is considered sacred. There is a belief, Mahalakshmi's presence in the anus of cow or excretory products (Gobar and Gomutra ) of it. Hindus revere the cow as a particularly docile animal that gives a lot more than it takes. The cow produces milk, cheese, ghee, urine and dung. While
238-433: Is also placed on the sister's forehead by the brother. The ceremony is performed regardless of whether the brother is older or younger than the sister and first or second cousins are also eligible for the ceremony. In the end, the brother touches the feet of their sisters with their forehead, signifying love, respect and devotion. The brothers receive a variety of cooked food such as sel roti , fruits and packaged food while
272-484: Is called Kaag (crow) Tihar. Crows and ravens, believed to be the messengers of the death god Yama, are worshipped with offerings of grains, seeds, and sweets placed on the roofs or out on the streets. The cawing of crows and ravens is associated with sadness and grief in Hinduism as these birds are believed to carry messages from Yama. By feeding the crows, devotees hope to appease them and ward off death and grief for
306-496: Is popularly known as Swanti among the Newars and as Deepawali among Madhesis . Nepalis also make patterns on the floors of living rooms or courtyards using materials such as coloured rice , dry flour , coloured sand or flower petals , called Rangoli , as a sacred welcoming for the gods and goddesses, particularly Lakshmi . For five days, people decorate their homes, and light diyo, candles, electric string lights around
340-659: The Indian Gorkhas inhabiting Sikkim state and Territories (particularly the towns of Darjeeling and Kalimpong ). Tihar is analogous to the Indian festival of Diwali , the festival of lights, but both are different Festival. Tihar is referred to as Yamapanchak Tihar in Kathmandu Valley by Newari Nepalis and Dipawali Tihar in Madhesh Province by Madhesi Nepalis . In the rest of Nepal and
374-540: The Vikram Samvat calendar, the festival begins with Kaag (crow) Tihar on Trayodashi tithi of Kārtika kṛṣṇa pakṣa (the 13th day of the waning moon) and ends with Bhai Tika on Dwitiya tithi of Kārtika śukla pakṣa every year. In the Gregorian calendar , the festival falls sometime between October and November every year. Nepal's various communities celebrate Tihar in different ways. The festival
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#1732780129802408-464: The prime minister holds the position of the head of executive. The role of president is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the prime minister, who is appointed by the Parliament . The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by the president on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, with the exception of the attorney general, who is appointed by
442-534: The Indian states of Sikkim and Gorkhaland , both Nepalis and Indian Gorkhas refer to Diwali as the Tihar Parwa . Like Diwali, it is marked by lighting diyo inside and outside the home, but unlike Diwali in other parts of India, the five days of Tihar include celebration and worship of the four creatures associated with the God of death Yama , with the final day reserved for people themselves. According to
476-501: The Newar community, Mha Puja is a unique tradition where the self and the soul within is worshipped. The fifth and last day of Tihar is called Bhai Tika. On this final day, which is celebrated with much fanfare across the country, brothers and sisters mark their special bond by worshipping each other with giving gifts to each other to express their feelings. The legend goes that when the goddess Yamuna 's brother fell mortally ill, Yama
510-531: The coming year. Alongside Kaag Tihar, Dhanteras (also known as Dhan Trayodashi and Dhanwantari Jayanti) is also observed on this day. Dhanvantari , the Hindu god of medicine is revered on this day. There is also a tradition of people buying jewelries, utensils and home appliances on this day. It is considered auspicious to buy gold or silver on this day. The second day is called Kukur Tihar, on which people practice puja. On this day, all dogs, whether pets or strays, are offered treats and worshipped by placing
544-404: The evening, young girls go around the neighbourhood, singing and dancing in a tradition called bhailo . They are offered small amounts of money and food as rewards for the entertainment they provide. Fireworks are also common on this particular day. The fourth day of Tihar is known as Goru Puja, where the ox is worshipped and celebrated. The ox is seen as an analogue to the cow in Hinduism, as
578-428: The festival, is welcomed into homes that have been cleaned and the doorways and windows decorated with garlands made out of marigolds. Diyos are put up all around the home, especially in doorways and windowsills, while electric lights are draped over houses in the belief that the goddess will not visit dark homes. A special puja is offered to Lakshmi in the evening, wishing for wealth, prosperity and good health. In
612-424: The fifth day of Tihar, sisters create a protective barrier of holy water and blessed oil around their brothers, circumambulating them several times. A special garland made out of the makhamali flower ( Gomphrena globosa ) is placed around the brother's neck as this flower is known for its long life. The tika placed on the forehead of the brother is also unique in that it consists of seven different colours. The tika
646-462: The first three can be eaten, the urine is believed to have beneficial health effects and the dung is burned as fuel or used as fertilizer. Thus, on the third day of Tihar, Nepali Hindus people show their gratitude to the cow by feeding them treats and worshipping them with tikas and garlands. The third day is also considered the most important day of the Tihar festival. Lakshmi, the patron goddess of
680-489: The form of money and foodstuff.) Gambling in the form of cards, kauda (a game of cowrie shells), or langur burja are popular pastimes during the festival. Tihar is the second biggest Nepali festival after Dashain , and is usually allocated a three-day-long national holiday . The festival is considered novel in that it shows reverence to not just the gods, but also to animals such as crows, cows, and dogs that have long-lived alongside humans. The first day of Tihar
714-540: The god of death came to take his soul. Yamuna pleaded with the death god to wait until she had finished her final puja for her brother. She then embarked on a long elaborate ceremony that grew to include Yama. The Yamuna then asked Yama to not take away her brother until the tika on his forehead had faded, the oil she had sprinkled on him had dried and the Makhamali Ful Ko Mala ( Gomphrena globosa ) garlands she had put around his neck had wilted. Thus, on
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#1732780129802748-409: The government of Nepal comprised As for Regmi states, the government of Nepal comprised In 1794, King Rana Bahadur Shah came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal , had no official part to play. Rana Bahadur appointed Kirtiman Singh Basnyat as Chief ( Mul ) Kaji among the newly appointed four Kajis though Damodar Pande
782-594: The house in the evenings. As Lakshmi puja falls on the new moon night, which is the darkest night of the lunar month, people light those diyo, candles. etc to remove the darkness and bring the light to home to welcome the goddess Lakshmi (Goddess of wealth). Firecrackers are often set off during the festival, although the Nepal government has placed a ban on the use of firecrackers in recent years citing increasing cases of injury. Children also go from house to house to play Deusi/Bhailo (singing songs and asking for gifts in
816-486: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tihar&oldid=1182310989 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tihar (festival) Tihar (also known as Yamapanchak Deepawali) is a five-day spiritual and cultural Hindu festival of lights celebrated by Nepalese as well as by
850-482: The ox provides manual labour, especially important for an agricultural country like Nepal. Vaishnav Hindus also perform Govardhan Puja , which is worship towards the holy Govardhan mountain. A pile of cow dung is taken as representative of the mountain and worshipped. The fourth day of Tihar also generally coincides with the first day of the Nepal Sambat calendar and thus, it is the celebratory Mha Puja for
884-466: The president on the recommendation of the prime minister. The character of government in Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state capacity of the previous Gorkha hill principality , known as Bharadar . These Bharadars were not drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance; Thar Ghan aristocratic group in the earlier Gorkha hill principality . Bharadars formed
918-449: The principles of Hindu Dharma codes of conduct. The king had full rights to expel any person who offended the country and also pardon the offenders and grant return to the country. The government on practicality was not an absolute monarchy due to the dominance of Nepalese political clans making the Shah monarch a puppet ruler. These basic Hindu templates provide the evidence that Nepal
952-426: The reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule. The government was stated to have been controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support. In the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions: Thapas and Pandes . As per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton ,
986-530: The reigning government. He took over the administration of Nepal by assuming the position of Mukhtiyar (chief authority). A new government was constituted with favoring officials. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande , who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah , Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel
1020-458: The sisters receive cash or other gifts such as clothing. Government of Nepal Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The Government of Nepal ( Nepali : नेपाल सरकार ) is the federal executive authority of Nepal . Prior to the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2006, it was officially known as His Majesty's Government . The head of state is the president and
1054-449: The state until its replacement by British conventional prime minister in 1843 conferred upon then ruling Mukhtiyar Mathabar Singh Thapa . The policies of the old Bharadari governments were derived from ancient Hindu texts as Dharmashastra and Manusmriti . The King was considered as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and was the chief authority over legislative, judiciary and executive functions. The judiciary functions were decided on
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1088-599: Was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor). Later in April 1806, tensions arose between Chief Chautariya Sher Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar Rana Bahadur Shah on the night of 25 April 1806 during a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house where around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar , also allies of Bhimsen. The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered
1122-428: Was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat , was then given the post of Chief ( Mul ) Kaji. Later Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Chief Kaji. When the exiled abdicated King Rana Bahadur Shah prepared his return in 1804, he arrested many government officials including then Chief Kaji Damodar Pande and sacked
1156-427: Was the most influential Kaji. Kirtiman had succeeded Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief Kaji while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief ( Mul ) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah by a Chhetri Queen Subarna Prabha Devi . Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh
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