Misplaced Pages

#360639

75-544: Eulenspiegel is a native of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg whose picaresque career takes him to many places throughout the Holy Roman Empire . He plays practical jokes on his contemporaries, at every turn exposing vices. His life is set in the first half of the 14th century, and the final chapters of the chapbook describe his death from the plague of 1350 . Eulenspiegel's surname translates to "owl-mirror"; and

150-509: A German satirical magazine was called Ulenspiegel . The satirical magazine Eulenspiegel was published from 1954 in Berlin, East Germany . In 1916, choreograper Vaslav Nijinsky created the ballet Till Eulenspiegel set to Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche , Op. 28. by Richard Strauss. The libretto was by Vaslav Nijinsky, after Charles De Coster and the costumes were by Robert Edmond Jones. The work premiered on 23 October 1916 at

225-426: A creature, including its diet (and thus where it has been ), health and diseases such as tapeworms . A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by John Gregory Bourke under the title Scatalogic Rites of All Nations (1891), with a 1913 German translation including a foreword by Sigmund Freud . An abbreviated version of the work was published as The Portable Scatalog in 1994. The word derives from

300-531: A junior member of the family who set up residence in the city of Hanover . His son Christian Louis , and his brothers inherited Celle in 1648 and thereafter shared it and Calenberg between themselves; a closely related branch of the family ruled separately in Wolfenbüttel. The territories of Calenberg and Lüneburg-Celle were made an Electorate by the Emperor Leopold I in 1692 in expectation of

375-415: A large number of the tales is his literal interpretation of figurative language." (Previously, Goethe made a similar observation.) Although craftsmen are featured as the principal victims of his pranks, neither the nobility nor the pope is exempt from being affected by him. A third Strasbourg edition, of 1519, is better again and is usually used in modern editions to provide the sections that are missing in

450-556: A particular religious bias toward a Protestant ruler, from the childless ruling Queen Anne ( House of Stuart ), it passed the provisions of the Act of Settlement 1701 to Sophia of Hanover , granddaughter of James I . Sophia predeceased Queen Anne by a few weeks, but her son and heir, George I, succeeded as King of Great Britain when Anne, his second cousin, died in August 1714. Great Britain and Hanover remained united in personal union until

525-679: A play originally entitled The Passion of Tyl. A Two-Part Farcical Comedy ( The Passion of had to be removed later) which alluded to the state of the Soviet Union . Performed at the Lenkom Theatre with music by Gennady Gladkov it had elements of rock opera . In 2019, the original libretto was restored and official soundtrack released. Clive Barker incorporated elements of the Till Eulenspiegel story in his 1982 play Crazyface . In 1894–1895, Richard Strauss composed

600-510: A result of increasing tensions with the townsfolk of Brunswick , the Brunswick Line moved their Residence to Wolfenbüttel , into the water castle , which was expanded into a Schloss , whilst the town was developed into a royal seat. The name Wolfenbüttel was given to this principality. From 1546, Wolfenbüttel became the residence of the senior prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg . With sole rights to

675-576: A side line when a particular family died out. For example, over the course of the centuries there were the Old, Middle and New Houses (or Lines) of Brunswick, and the Old, Middle and New Houses of Lüneburg. The number of simultaneously reigning dynastic lines varied from two to five. In 1269, the Principality of Brunswick was formed following the first division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1432, as

750-422: A statutory body representing the estates, which was to supervise the treaty. However, 1373–1388 would be the only period in which a Brunswick-Luneburg land was not ruled by a Welf: In the wake of his death, Elector Wenceslas appointed Bernard, his brother-in-law, as co-regent involved him in the government. But his younger brother Henry did not agree with this ruling, and after vain attempts to reach an agreement,

825-402: A vagrant. He takes up diverse occupations, but each chapter ends with his moving on to another place. The final seven chapters are dedicated to his death and burial. In the chapbooks, Eulenspiegel is presented as a trickster who plays practical jokes on his contemporaries, exposing vices at every turn, greed and folly, hypocrisy and foolishness. As Peter Carels notes, "The fulcrum of his wit in

SECTION 10

#1732801773361

900-532: Is decidedly inferior, missing many of the illustrations of the older edition, and showing signs of careless copying of the text. It is uncertain how many of these chapters were present in the earlier edition of 1510/12, although some of the chapters appear to be later additions. The initials of the final six chapters form the "acrostic" ERMANB , which has been taken as a hidden reference to the book's author. The first chapters are dedicated to Till's childhood. In chapter nine, Till leaves his mother and begins his life as

975-547: Is taken prisoner by the Spanish oppressors and burned at the stake, while Soetkin goes insane as a result. This tempts Thyl to start resistance against the Spanish oppressors. Thanks to the 1867 novel, Ulenspiegel has become a symbol of Flemish nationalism , with a statue dedicated to him in Damme. Alfred Jarry , author of Gestes et opinions du Docteur Faustroll, pataphysicien (1911), mentions Ulenspiegel's unruly behaviour in

1050-414: Is the late medieval fictional character of Till Eulenspiegel . Another common example is John Dryden 's Mac Flecknoe , a poem that employs extensive scatological imagery to ridicule Dryden's contemporary Thomas Shadwell . German literature is particularly rich in scatological texts and references, including such books as Collofino 's Non Olet . A case which has provoked an unusual amount of comment in

1125-578: The Congress of Vienna and territorial adjustments the principality formed the basis of the new Duchy of Brunswick . In 1432, the estates gained by the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel between the Deister and Leine split away as the Principality of Calenberg. To the north, this new state bordered on the County of Hoya near Nienburg and extended from there in a narrow, winding strip southwards up

1200-503: The Congress of Vienna at the war's end. After the fall of Napoleon, George III regained his lands plus lands from Prussia as King of Hanover , whilst giving up some other smaller scattered territories. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia . The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under

1275-586: The Crown Prince's son to the Emperor's only daughter , and Wilhelm II, German Emperor , allowed his son-in-law to assume rule in 1913 (his father having renounced his own right). After their death, rule of the Principality was to revert to the Ascanians. In order to underpin the agreement, in 1374 Albert of Saxe-Lüneburg married Catharina, the widow of Magnus II. The treaty also envisaged the creation of

1350-546: The Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg found himself in the line of succession for the British crown, later confirmed in 1707 by the Act of Union , which he subsequently inherited, thereby creating a personal union of the two crowns on 20 October 1714. After a little over a decade, the matter of the disputed electorate was settled upon the heir, and the new Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (acceded as duke on 23 January 1698), George I Louis ,

1425-557: The Geuzen ") and "Fort Oranje" ("Fort Orange"), both drawn in a realistic, serious style and pre-published in the Belgian comics magazine Tintin between 1952 and 1954. They were published in comic book album format in 1954 and 1955. The stories were drawn in a realistic style and in some instances followed the original novel very closely, but sometimes followed his own imagination more. Belgian comics artist George van Raemdonck adapted

1500-513: The Greek σκῶρ ( GEN σκατός ) meaning "dung, feces"; coprology derives from the Greek κόπρος of similar meaning. In psychology , a scatology is an obsession with excretion or excrement , or the study of such obsessions. In sexual fetishism , scatology or scatophilia (usually abbreviated scat ) refers to coprophilia , when someone is sexually aroused by fecal matter, whether in

1575-607: The House of Stuart —and subsequently formed a personal union on August 1st, 1714 between the British crown and the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (electorate of Hanover), which would last until well after the end of the Napoleonic wars more than a century later—including even through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of a new successor kingdom. In that manner, the "Electorate of Hanover" (the core duchy)

SECTION 20

#1732801773361

1650-703: The Imperial ban was placed on Henry the Lion in 1180, he lost his titles as Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria . He went into exile for several years, but was then allowed to stay on the ( allodial ) estates inherited from his mother's side until the end of his life. At the Imperial Diet of 1235 in Mainz , as part of the reconciliation between the Hohenstaufen and Welf families, Henry's grandson, Otto

1725-634: The Low Countries , Bohemia , and Italy . He is said to have died in Mölln, Schleswig-Holstein , near Lübeck and Hamburg , of the Black Death in 1350. The first known chapbook on Eulenspiegel was printed in c.  1510 –1512 in Strasbourg. It is reasonable to place the folkloristic origins of the tradition in the 15th century, although, in spite of suggestions to the effect "that

1800-482: The Welf or Guelph dynasty, who maintained close relations with one another—not infrequently by marrying cousins—a practice far more common than is the case today, even among the peasantry of the Holy Roman Empire, for the contemporary salic inheritance laws encouraged the practice of retaining control of lands and benefits. The seats of power moved in the meantime from Brunswick and Lüneburg to Celle and Wolfenbüttel as

1875-553: The tone poem , Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche , Op. 28. In 1902, Emil von Reznicek adapted the story as an opera , Till Eulenspiegel . In 1913, Walter Braunfels adapted the story as an opera, Ulenspiegel . In 1916, the Ballets Russes adapted the story as a ballet, later re-adapted by George Balanchine for Jerome Robbins at the New York City Ballet . In the late 1930s or early 1940s,

1950-589: The "Princess of Ahlden". It was united with the Principality of Calenberg, which had been elevated in 1692 into the Electorate. The southernmost principality in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg stretched from Münden in the south down the River Weser to Holzminden . In the east it ran through Göttingen along the River Leine via Northeim to Einbeck . It emerged in 1345 as the result of a division of

2025-755: The Antwerp group, were printed by William Copland in London, in 1547 and 1568. Owleglasse is mentioned in Henry Porter 's The Two Angry Women of Abington (1599) and again in Ben Jonson 's comedic play The Alchemist (1610). The first modern edition of the chapbook of 1519 is by Lappenberg (1854). Lappenberg was not yet aware of the existence of the 1515 edition. The 1515 and 1519 editions were published in facsimile by Insel-Ferlag in 1911 and 1979, respectively. An English translation by Paul Oppenheimer

2100-490: The Appendix chapter entitled Les poteaux de la morale : « Till Ulenspiegel, on s’en souvient, ne coordonnait point autrement ses opérations mentales : se dirigeant vers un faîte, il se réjouissait du dévalement futur. » ("Till Ulenspiegel, we recall, did not coordinate his mental operations differently: heading toward a cliff, he rejoiced in future downfall.") A French edition, Les Aventures de Til Ulespiègle ,

2175-527: The Child , transferred his estates to Emperor Frederick II and was enfeoffed in return with the newly created Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which was formed from the estates transferred to the Emperor as well as other large areas of the imperial fisc . After his death in 1252, he was succeeded by his sons, Albert the Tall and John , who ruled the dukedom jointly. In 1269, the duchy was divided, Albert receiving

2250-546: The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, he provided a conditional sub-lease of the Principality of Lüneburg to the princes of Calenberg with the conditions of payment to the Wolfenbüttel heirs (Chief of the House), together with the guarantee that only his descendants would inherit this senior principality of Wolfenbüttel. Not until 1753/1754 was the Residence moved back to Brunswick, into the newly built Brunswick Palace . Following

2325-577: The Empire, which at one time had over 1500 such legally recognized entities. In the List of Reichstag participants (1792) , the following four subdivisions of Brunswick-Lüneburg had recognized representation: By 1705 only two Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg survived, one ruling Calenberg, Lüneburg and other possessions, and the other ruling Wolfenbüttel. One of the dynastic lines was that of the princes of Lüneburg , which, in 1635, acquired Calenberg for George ,

Till Eulenspiegel - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-539: The High German name "Eulenspiegel" is "owl-mirror" (hence owle-glasse ). It is both innocuous and indicative of his character and has been explained as a garbled form of an expression for "wipe-the-arse". Many of Till's pranks are scatological in nature, and involve tricking people into touching, smelling, or even eating Till's excrement. Scatological stories abound, beginning with Till's early childhood (in which he rides behind his father and exposes his rear-end to

2475-650: The Holy Roman Empire in 1708. His possessions were enlarged in 1706 when the hereditary lands of the Calenberg branch of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg merged with the lands of the Lüneburg-Celle branch to form the Electorate of Hanover. Subsequently, George I was referred to as Elector of Hanover. In 1700 and 1701, when the English Parliament had addressed the question of an orderly succession, with

2550-609: The Manhattan Opera House in New York City. Duchy of Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg The Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg ( German : Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg ), commonly known as the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg or Brunswick-Lüneburg , was an imperial principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the territory of present day Lower Saxony . In 1235, Otto I was enfeoffed with

2625-630: The Principality of Brunswick and was united in 1495 with Calenberg. From 1291 to 1596, Grubenhagen was an independent principality, its first ruler being Henry the Admirable , son of Albert of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel . The state lay along the northern part of the Solling hills and the River Leine near Einbeck and north of the Eichsfeld on and in the southwestern Harz . After being split in

2700-459: The Principality of Brunswick in 1269 when the inheritance of the Duchy was divided. After the death of Duke George William of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1705, King George I inherited the state of Lüneburg, being both the benefactor of Georges William's 1658 renunciation in favour of his younger brother Ernest Augustus and the husband of the Duke's morganatic daughter, Sophie Dorothea , later known as

2775-592: The River Leine through Wunstorf and Hanover where it reached the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. In 1495, it was expanded around Göttingen . In 1584, it returned to the Wolfenbüttel Line. In 1634, as a result of inheritance distributions, it went to the House of Lüneburg, before becoming an independent principality again in 1635, when it was given to George , younger brother of Prince Ernest II of Lüneburg , who chose Hanover as his Residenz . New territory

2850-544: The Russian composer Wladimir Vogel wrote a drama-oratorio, Thyl Claes , derived from De Coster's book. In 1983, the Soviet composer Nikolai Karetnikov and his librettist, filmmaker Pavel Lungin , released a samizdat opera, Till Eulenspiegel , which received its official release in 1990. The Polish poet Jacek Kaczmarski wrote a epitaph to Eulenspiegel in 1981 "Epitafium dla Sowizdrzała". Between 1945 and 1950,

2925-490: The Welfs and the Ascanians was concluded, the treaty of 1374 was abolished, and the Principality was secured for the Welfs. Circles est. 1500: Bavarian , Swabian , Upper Rhenish , Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Franconian , (Lower) Saxon Scatology In medicine and biology , scatology or coprology is the study of faeces . Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about

3000-520: The academic literature is Mozart's scatological humour . Smith, in his review of English literature's representations of scatology from the Middle Ages to the 18th century, notes two attitudes towards scatology. One of these emphasises the merry and the carnivalesque. This is found in Chaucer and Shakespeare . The other attitude is one of self-disgust and misanthropy. This is found in the works of

3075-406: The accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. George I was followed by his son George II and then his great-grandson George III , the latter retaining the position of elector even after the Holy Roman Empire was abolished by its last emperor in 1806. George III contested the validity of the dissolution of the Empire and maintained separate consular offices and staff for the Electorate of Hanover until

Till Eulenspiegel - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-400: The author of the 1510 chapbook, none of which has gained mainstream acceptance. Candidates include Thomas Murner , Hermann Bote , Hieronymus Brunschwig , or an author collective surrounding Johannes Grüninger , including Thomas Murner, Johannes Adelphus , Tilemann Conradi and Hermannus Buschius . The author of the 1515 edition in a short preface identifies himself only as "N". He gives

3225-725: The character to the period of the Reformation and the Dutch Revolt ; the novel's Ulenspiegel (in modern Dutch , Tijl Uilenspiegel ) was adopted as a symbol by the Flemish Movement . According to the chapbook, Eulenspiegel was born in Kneitlingen in Lower Saxony near Brunswick around 1300. As a vagrant ( Landfahrer ), he travelled through the Holy Roman Empire , especially Northern Germany , but also

3300-661: The citizens of Mölln held a yearly festival in Eulenspiegel's honour, on which occasion they would present the clothes worn by Eulenspiegel when he died. The two earliest printed editions, in Early New High German , were printed by Johannes Grüninger in Strasbourg . The first edition was unknown before sixteen folia of printing proofs were discovered in 1971 in the binding of a Latin edition of Reynard . Peter Honegger dated these pages to 1510/11 based on

3375-457: The constituent principalities was marked by further divisions and mergers of the principalities. The constituent principalities existed until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. At the Congress of Vienna , the Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchy of Brunswick were created as successor states. To this day, members of the House of Hanover call themselves Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg. When

3450-643: The context of the Thirty Years' War . The Italian civil law professor Francesco Gazzoni uses the name Till Eulenspiegel as a pseudonym for himself in his book "Favole quasi giuridiche" (in English, "Semi-juridical Fables"). Ray Goossens had a 1945 comic strip based on Tijl Uilenspiegel , where Tijl and Lamme Goedzak were portrayed as a comedic duo. The series was sometimes called Tijl en Lamme too. Willy Vandersteen drew two comic book albums about Uilenspiegel, "De Opstand der Geuzen" ("The Rebellion of

3525-445: The course of the years into smaller and smaller principalities, Grubenhagen returned in 1596 to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and was ceded to the Calenberg line in 1665. Other branches that did not have full sovereignty included the states of Dannenberg, Harburg, Gifhorn , Bevern , Osterode, Herzberg, Salzderhelden, and Einbeck. While a total of about a dozen subdivisions that existed, some were only dynastic and not recognised as states of

3600-402: The fight flared up again in the spring of 1388. Elector Wenceslas had to assemble an army without the help of Bernard, supported by the town of Lüneburg. From Winsen an der Aller , he wanted to attack Celle , which was held by Henry and his mother. During the preparations Elector Wenceslas fell seriously ill and died shortly thereafter. According to legend, he was poisoned. Lüneburg continued

3675-469: The frontispiece of the 1515 chapbook, as well as his alleged tombstone in Mölln, Schleswig-Holstein , render it as a rebus comprising an owl and a hand mirror . It has been suggested that the name is in fact a pun on a Low German phrase that translates as "wipe-arse". Modern retellings of the Eulenspiegel story have been published since the latter 19th century. The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak , by Charles De Coster (1867), transfers

3750-498: The imminent inheritance of Celle by the Duke of Calenberg, though the actual dynastic union of the territories did not occur until 1705 under his son George I Louis, and the Electorate was not officially approved by the Imperial Diet until 1708. The resulting state was known under many different names: Brunswick-Lüneburg, Calenberg, Calenberg-Celle; its ruler was often known as the " Elector of Hanover ". Coincidentally, in 1701,

3825-594: The name Duchy of Brunswick . The Duchy remained independent and joined first the North German Confederation and then the German Empire in 1871. When the Wolfenbüttel Line became extinct in 1884, the German government withheld the rightful heir, the Crown Prince of Hanover , from taking control, instead installing a regency. Decades later, the families were reconciled by the marriage of

SECTION 50

#1732801773361

3900-560: The name 'Eulenspiegel' was used in tales of rogues and liars in Lower Saxony as early as 1400", 15th-century references to a Till Eulenspiegel turn out to be surprisingly elusive. The text of the first extant edition, printed by Johannes Grüninger , is in the High German language. There has been a debate surrounding the possible existence of an older Low German edition, now lost. This version has been attributed to Hans Dorn ,

3975-519: The newly founded Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg at the Court of Mainz . It was based on the two castles in Brunswick and Lüneburg and the associated estate of the House of Welf . In 1269 there was a first division between the brothers Albrecht and Johann . The resulting principalities of Brunswick and Lüneburg together continued to form the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The history of the duchy and

4050-411: The nineteenth and early twentieth century versions of the tales were bowdlerized to render them fit for children, who had come to be considered their chief natural audience, by expurgating their many scatological references. The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak , an 1867 novel by Belgian author Charles De Coster , has been translated, often in mutilated versions, into many languages. It

4125-544: The novel into a comic strip in 1964. Between 1985 and 1990, Willy Vandersteen drew a comics series named De Geuzen of whom the three main characters are Hannes, his girlfriend Veerle and Tamme, Hannes' best friend. All are obviously inspired by Tijl Uilenspiegel, Nele and Lamme Goedzak . Kibbutz theatre director and producer Shulamit Bat-Dori created an open-air production of Till Eulenspiegel at Mishmar HaEmek , Israel, in 1955 that drew 10,000 viewers. In Moscow in 1974, Grigoriy Gorin adapted De Coster's novel as

4200-506: The only known printer active in Brunswick at the beginning of the 16th century (active from at least 1502). Sodmann (1980) in support of this hypothesis adduced the woodcut of a fool on horseback holding a hand mirror used by Dorn in later prints, as the title illustration of his Liber Vagatorum and Grobianus , which may originally have served as the title illustration of the lost Eulenspiegel edition. There are several suggestions as to

4275-503: The period between 1525 and 1546. Michiel Hillen van Hoochstraten appears to have used for his translation a German text, in manuscript or printed, that is now lost, which antedated the Grüninger edition. Jan van Doesborch is believed to have printed the first English translation in Antwerp possibly as early as 1520. In this edition the name Ulenspiegel is rendered Howleglas (as it were "owl-glass"). Later English editions, derived from

4350-522: The preparations, formed an alliance with the Prince-Bishop of Minden and Count of Schaumburg and set up his own army. On 28 May 1388, battle was joined at Winsen an der Aller; it ended in victory for Henry . According to the provisions of the Treaty of Hanover from the year 1373, after the death of Wensceslas, the Principality passed to the House of Welf . In 1389, an inheritance agreement between

4425-400: The renowned Meistersinger of Nuremberg drew material from the Volksbuch for 46 of his comic tales ( Schwänke ) and Carnival plays (Fastnachtspiele ). Thirty of the Schwänke were set to Meistersinger melodies (töne ). Fellow Nuremberger Jacob Ayrer (1544-1605) also produced an Eulenspiegel Carnival play. In the eighteenth century, German satirists adopted episodes for social satire, and in

4500-415: The southern part of the state around Brunswick and John the northern territories in the area of Lüneburg. The towns of Lüneburg and Brunswick remained in the overall possession of the House of Welf until 1512 and 1671 respectively. In 1571 the Amt of Calvörde became an exclave of the Duchy. The various parts of the duchy were further divided and re-united over the centuries, all of them being ruled by

4575-449: The surviving 1510/12 copy. The 'Antwerp group' of Eulenspiegel editions comprises a number of Flemish, French and English publications. The dating of these publications is still an issue of contention. The Antwerp printer Michiel Hillen van Hoochstraten is believed to have printed the first Dutch-language version of the Till Eulenspiegel story. In the past, the Hillen edition was dated to 1512 or 1519, but recent scholarship places it in

SECTION 60

#1732801773361

4650-402: The towns asserted their independence. The subsequent history of the dukedom and its subordinate principalities was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. The subordinate states that were repeatedly created, and which had the legal status of principalities, were generally named after the residence of their rulers. The estates of the different dynastic lines could be inherited by

4725-413: The townspeople) and persisting until his death bed (where he tricks a priest into soiling his hands with feces). In modern scholarship, there have been some attempts to find evidence for the historicity of Till Eulenspiegel's person. Hucker (1980) mentions that according to a contemporary legal register of the city of Brunswick one Till van Cletlinge ("Till from/of Kneitlingen") was incarcerated there in

4800-510: The type used, but this date has since been called into question. Only a single specimen of the first edition has been preserved, discovered in 1975. Thirty folia are missing, including the title page. A previous owner has replaced the missing pages by pages torn from an Eulenspiegel edition of c. 1700. It was most likely published in 1512. The sixteen folia discovered by Honegger are likely printing proofs for this edition. It consists of 100 folia with 66 woodcuts of high quality. The 1515 edition

4875-416: The use of feces in various sexual acts, watching someone defecating , or simply seeing the feces. Entire subcultures in sexuality are devoted to this fetish. In literature , "scatological" is a term to denote the literary trope of the grotesque body . It is used to describe works that make particular reference to excretion or excrement, as well as to toilet humor . Well known for his scatological tropes

4950-582: The year 1339, along with four of his accomplices, for highway robbery. In Mölln , the reported site of Eulenspiegel's death and burial in the plague year of 1350, a memorial stone was commissioned by the town council in 1544, now on display in an alcove on the outside wall of the tower of St. Nicolai church. The stone is inscribed in Low German, as follows: Anno 1350 is dusse / steen upgehaven und / Tyle ulen spegel lenet / hier under begraven. / Marcket wol und / dencket dran. wat / ick gwest si up eren. / All de hir vor aver / gan. moten mi / glick weren. This stone

5025-423: The year 1500 as the date when he originally began to collect the tales, stressing the difficulty of the project and how he wanted to abandon it several times, saying that he is now publishing it after all to "lighten the mood in hard times". The preface also announces the inclusion of material from Pfaff Amis and Pfaff vom Kahlenberg , but no such material is present in the 1515 edition. The literal translation of

5100-401: Was De Coster who first transferred Ulenspiegel from his original late medieval surroundings to the Protestant Reformation . In this version, Ulenspiegel was born in Damme , West Flanders and became a Protestant hero of the Dutch Revolt . The author gives him a father, Claes, and mother, Soetkin, as well as a girlfriend, Nele, and a best friend, Lamme Goedzak . In the course of the story Claes

5175-582: Was able to style himself the Elector of Brunswick and Lüneburg from 1708. It was not just happenstance but also religion-driven politics that brought about the circumstance that he was also put into the line of succession for the British crown by the Act of Settlement — which was written to ensure a Protestant succession to the thrones of Scotland and England at a time when anti-Catholic sentiment ran high in much of Northern Europe and much of Great Britain . In this event, George I succeeded his second cousin Anne, Queen of Great Britain —the last reigning member of

5250-447: Was added in 1665 in the vicinity of Grubenhagen and in 1705 around the Principality of Lüneburg. In 1692, Duke Ernest Augustus from the Calenberg Line, acquired the right to be a prince-elector as the Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Colloquially, the Electorate was also known as the Electorate of Hanover or as Kurhannover . In 1814, it was succeeded by the Kingdom of Hanover . The Principality of Lüneburg emerged alongside

5325-426: Was also printed by Grüninger in Strasbourg. Its full title reads: Ein kurtzweilig Lesen von Dyl Ulenspiegel, geboren uß dem Land zu Brunßwick, wie er sein leben volbracht hatt, xcvi seiner geschichten. A diverting read of Dyl Ulenspiegel , born in the land of Brunswick, how he spent his life; 96 of his stories. The text is divided into 95 chapters (numbered to 96 as chapter number 42 is missing). The 1515 edition

5400-492: Was carved in 1350, and Tyl Ulenspegel lies buried underneath. Note well and remember what I have been on Earth. All those who pass here will become as I am now. The inscription (including the date of 1350) was allegedly copied from an older tombstone, now lost. This older tombstone is referred to in the chapbook of 1515, and it is mentioned as still being extant in 1536. The 1544 stone is mentioned by Fynes Moryson in his Itinerary of 1591. Moryson also reports that in his time,

5475-465: Was enlarged with the addition of other lands and became the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 at the peace conferences ( Congress of Vienna ) settling the future shape of Europe in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars. The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain, George I of Great Britain , was the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and was finally made an official and recognized prince-elector of

5550-624: Was published by Constantin Castéra in 1910. In 1927, Gerhart Hauptmann wrote the verse Till Eulenspiegel . Ulenspiegel was mentioned in Mikhail Bulgakov 's The Master and Margarita as a possible prototype for the black cat character Behemoth . Michael Rosen adapted the story into a 1989 children's novel, illustrated by Fritz Wegner : The Wicked Tricks of Till Owlyglass , ISBN   978-0744513462 . Daniel Kehlmann in his novel Tyll (2017) places Tyll Ulenspiegel in

5625-537: Was published in 1972. Editions of Eulenspiegel in German, Dutch, Flemish, French and English remained popular throughout the early modern period. By the late 17th century, Eulenspiegel and his pranks had become proverbial, with the French adjective espiègle "impish, mischievous" derived from his name. The German noun Eulenspiegelei (as it were "owlglassery") is recorded in the early 19th century. Hans Sachs (1494-1576)

#360639