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83-693: Timberline Lodge is a mountain lodge on the south side of Mount Hood in Clackamas County, Oregon , about 60 miles (97 km) east of Portland . Constructed from 1936 to 1938 by the Works Progress Administration , it was built and furnished by local artisans during the Great Depression . Timberline Lodge was dedicated September 28, 1937, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt . The National Historic Landmark sits at an elevation of 6,000 feet (1,829 m), within

166-399: A dew point below 32 °F (0 °C). Federal Writers%27 Project FWP employed thousands of people and produced hundreds of publications, including state guides, city guides, local histories, oral histories, ethnographies , and children's books. In addition to writers, the project provided jobs to unemployed librarians, clerks, researchers, editors, and historians. Funded under

249-639: A base at nearly 6,940 ft (2,120 m), offers the only year-round lift-served skiing in North America. There are a few remaining shelters on Mount Hood still in use today. Those include the Coopers Spur, Cairn Basin, and McNeil Point shelters as well as the Tilly Jane A-frame cabin. The summit was home to a fire lookout in the early 1900s; however, the lookout did not withstand the weather and no longer remains today. Mount Hood

332-663: A documentary about FWP, Soul of a People: Writing America's Story , premiered on the Smithsonian Channel . It was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities .The film includes interviews with American authors Studs Terkel and Stetson Kennedy , and American historian Douglas Brinkley . A companion book was published by Wiley & Sons as Soul of a People: The WPA Writers' Project Uncovers Depression America . The Slave Narrative Collection

415-410: A height of 11,240 ft (3,426 m), claimed to be accurate to within 1.25 in (32 mm). Many modern sources likewise list 11,240 ft (3,426 m) as the height. However, numerous others place the peak's height one foot lower, at 11,239 ft (3,426 m). Finally, a height of 11,249 ft (3,429 m) has also been reported. Download coordinates as: Mount Hood

498-533: A horror movie; the management requested the room number be changed to the fictional Room 237, which Kubrick granted. Other feature films shot at or around Timberline Lodge include Jingle Belles (1941), Bend of the River (1952), All the Young Men (1960), Lost Horizon (1973), Ski School (1991), Hear No Evil (1993), and Wild (2014). Brief exterior views of a snowy Timberline Lodge were used as

581-617: A hundred construction workers were on site at a given time, and lived at a nearby tent city. Jobs were rotated to provide work. Materials costs were minimized by the skillful use of recycled materials. Women wove draperies, upholstery, and bedspreads. Hooked rugs were made from strips of old Civilian Conservation Corps camp blankets. Discarded cedar utility poles became newel-posts with their crowns hand-carved into birds, bears, and seals. Fireplace screens were fashioned from tire chains. Andirons and other iron work were forged from railroad tracks. WPA workers used large timbers and local stone from

664-418: A hunting trip and determined it to be 19,400 ft (5,900 m) upon which "pores oozed blood, eyes bled, and blood rushed from their ears." Sometime by 1866, Reverend G. H. Atkinson determined it to be 17,600 ft (5,400 m). A Portland engineer used surveying methods from a Portland baseline and calculated a height of between 18,000 and 19,000 ft (5,500 and 5,800 m). Many maps distributed in

747-452: A later adaptation), burned forests and villages in their battle over her. Sahale became enraged and smote the three lovers. Seeing what he had done, he erected three mountain peaks to mark where each fell. He made beautiful Mount St. Helens for Loowit, proud and erect Mount Hood for Wy'east, and the somber Mount Adams for the mourning Pahto. There are other versions of the legend. In another telling, Wy'east (Hood) battles Pahto (Adams) for

830-501: A play around 1911 at Pacific College. It is also possible it was 'invented' by scholars in the 20th century or even a minister hearing it second-hand around the same time the play was happening. In one version of Balch's story, the two sons of the Great Spirit Sahale fell in love with the beautiful maiden Loowit, who could not decide which to choose. The two braves, Wy'east and Pahto (unnamed in his novel, but appearing in

913-413: A rapidly produced volume about the devastation wreaked by the 1938 New England hurricane . Others, such as Cape Cod Pilot , written by author Josef Berger using the pseudonym Jeremiah Digges, received critical acclaim. In each state, a Writers' Project non-relief staff of editors was formed, along with a much larger group of field workers drawn from local unemployment rolls. The people hired came from

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996-521: A stand-in for a "Bavarian Ski Resort" in multiple episodes of Hogan's Heroes . Director Boris Sagal was killed in an accident on the third day of filming the NBC-TV miniseries World War III (1982), after he walked into the tail rotor blades of a helicopter in Timberline Lodge's parking lot. In 2017, the inaugural Overlook Film Festival was held at Timberline Lodge. The following year,

1079-405: A typical dry-summer alpine climate ( Köppen : ETs ), with temperatures below 32 °F (0 °C) eight months of the year and no month with an average temperature above 50 °F (10 °C). Even in the hottest months, nightly average temperatures often dip below 32 °F (0 °C), and frost occurs almost every day, even in summer or the hottest time of year. Otherwise, all months have

1162-486: A variety of backgrounds, ranging from former newspaper workers to white-collar and blue-collar workers without writing or editing experience. Notable FWP projects included the Slave Narrative Collection , a set of interviews that culminated in more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves. Many of these narratives are available online from

1245-618: A volume of about 282,000 acre⋅ft (0.348 km ). Eliot Glacier is the largest glacier by volume at 73,000 acre⋅ft (0.09 km ), and has the thickest depth measured by ice radar at 361 ft (110 m). The largest glacier by surface area is the Coe-Ladd Glacier system at 531 acres (215 ha). Glaciers and snowfields cover about 80 percent of the mountain above the 6,900 ft (2,100 m) level. The glaciers declined by an average of 34 percent from 1907 to 2004. Glaciers on Mount Hood retreated through

1328-410: Is a feature I have seen in no other building of its kind and no where have I seen such big timbers used. All the furniture, all the hangings, all the iron work as well, were made by WPA workers. Here is a group of workers who have the makings of a handcraft organization, and I hope their work will be appreciated. Mr. Griffith, the state WPA administrator, must be happy over the work done here." Most work

1411-419: Is a four-story structure of about 40,000 square feet (3,700 m). The ground-level exterior walls are heavy rubble masonry, using boulders from the immediate area, and heavy timber is used from the first floor up. The central head house section is hexagonal and sixty feet (18 m) in diameter, with a six-sided stone chimney stack ninety feet (27 m) high and fourteen feet (4.3 m) in diameter. Each of

1494-591: Is host to 12 named glaciers or snow fields , the most visited of which is Palmer Glacier, partially within the Timberline Lodge ski area and on the most popular climbing route. The glaciers are almost exclusively above the 6,000 ft (1,800 m) level, which also is about the average tree line elevation on Mount Hood. More than 80 percent of the glacial surface area is above 7,000 ft (2,100 m). The glaciers and permanent snow fields have an area of 3,331 acres (1,348 ha) and contain

1577-564: Is monitored by the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Washington , which issues weekly updates (and daily updates if significant eruptive activity is occurring at a Cascades volcano). The most recent evidence of volcanic activity at Mount Hood consists of fumaroles near Crater Rock and hot springs on the flanks of the volcano. A conflict exists between protecting public safety and protecting

1660-472: Is the fourth highest in the Cascade Range . Ski areas on the mountain include Timberline Lodge ski area which offers the only year-round lift-served skiing in North America, Mount Hood Meadows , Mount Hood Skibowl , Summit Ski Area , and Cooper Spur ski area . Mt. Hood attracts an estimated 10,000 climbers a year. The peak is home to 12 named glaciers and snowfields . Mount Hood is considered

1743-504: Is within the Mount Hood National Forest , which comprises 1,067,043 acres (1,667 sq mi; 4,318 km ) of land, including four designated wilderness areas that total 314,078 acres (491 sq mi; 1,271 km ), and more than 1,200 mi (1,900 km) of hiking trails. The most northwestern pass around the mountain is called Lolo Pass. Native Americans crossed the pass while traveling between

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1826-549: The Ahwahnee Hotel and other lodges in the U.S. national park system. He produced the designs. Then, his central head house was modified from an octagon to a hexagon by U.S. Forest Service architect W. I. (Tim) Turner and the team of Linn A. Forrest , Howard L. Gifford and Dean R. E. Wright. A recent graduate of the University of Washington , forest service engineer Ward Gano was structural designer. Timberline Lodge

1909-742: The Dog River area east of Mount Hood in 1818. They reported climbing to a glacier on "Montagne de Neige" ( Mountain of Snow ), probably Eliot Glacier. There have been two United States Navy ammunition ships named for Mount Hood. USS Mount Hood (AE-11) was commissioned in July 1944 and was destroyed in November 1944 while at anchor in Manus Naval Base, Admiralty Islands . Her explosive cargo ignited, resulting in 45 confirmed dead, 327 missing and 371 injured. A second ammunition ship, AE-29 ,

1992-578: The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 , FWP was established July 27, 1935, by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt . Henry Alsberg , a lawyer, journalist, playwright, theatrical producer, and human-rights activist, directed the program from 1935 to 1939. In 1939, Alsberg was fired, federal funding was cut, and the project fell under state sponsorship led by John D. Newsom. FWP ended completely in 1943 after

2075-672: The Federal Theatre Project , faced tremendous scrutiny from the committee. The Dies HUAC committee, like the McCarthy committee of the 1950s, "used inquisitorial scare tactics, innuendo, and unsupported accusations." Alsberg, Flanagan, and others who were accused of supporting the communist agenda could not "examine evidence against them, could not produce their own witnesses, could not cross-examine accusers." Accusations that communist activities were carried out openly, and that Soviets funded labor unions, which took control of

2158-511: The Montana State University Archives and Special Collections . A large digital archive called What America Ate has been created to house the digitized remains of the project. For most of its lifetime, FWP faced a barrage of criticism from American conservatives . When Massachusetts: A Guide to its Places and People , was published, it was lauded by government officials, including Governor Charles F. Hurley . But

2241-606: The Mount Hood National Forest and is accessible through the Mount Hood Scenic Byway . Publicly owned and privately operated, Timberline Lodge is a popular tourist attraction that draws two million visitors annually. It is notable in film for serving as the exterior of the Overlook Hotel in The Shining (1980). The lodge and its grounds host a ski resort , also known as Timberline Lodge . It has

2324-534: The United States . It is located about 50 mi (80 km) east-southeast of Portland , on the border between Clackamas and Hood River counties, and forms part of the Mount Hood National Forest . Much of the mountain outside the ski areas is part of the Mount Hood Wilderness . With a summit elevation of 11,249 ft (3,429 m), it is the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Oregon and

2407-587: The University of North Carolina Press , and Southeast Regional Director of the Federal Writers' Project. In These Are Our Lives , the only book published by the Southern Life History project, Couch explained that their goal was to "get life histories which are readable and faithful representations of living persons, and which taken together, will give a fair picture of the structure and working of society." The Illinois Writers' Project,

2490-475: The Willamette Valley and Celilo Falls . The name Wy'east has been associated with Mount Hood for more than a century, but no evidence suggests that it is a genuine name for the mountain in any indigenous language. The name was possibly inspired by an 1890 work of author Frederic Balch , although Balch does not use it himself. The name may have been popularized by his story being combined with

2573-634: The FTP and the FWP. In the wake of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and consequent global economic disruption, several writers and politicians called for a new U.S. Federal Writers' Project. In May 2021, on the anniversary of the original project, Congressman Ted Lieu and Congresswoman Teresa Leger Fernandez introduced legislation to create a new FWP, to be administered by the Department of Labor , that would hire unemployed and underemployed writers. Supporters of

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2656-640: The FWP had published 321 works; hundreds more remained in various stages of publication. Some were published in the years leading up to 1943 under the renamed Writers' Program. Others were never completed. Over the lifetime of the FWP and the Writers' Program, 10,000 people were estimated to be employed. In the 1937 musical The Cradle Will Rock , funded by the Federal Theater Project, composer Marc Blitzstein incorporated some of opponents' efforts to prevent this production. In September 2009

2739-597: The FWP, as did such mainstream publishing companies such as Viking Press , Random House , and Alfred A. Knopf , each of which published some of the books. By 1939, HUAC's tactics seemed to work, and the newly elected Congress cut the WPA budget while increasing HUAC's funding. In January 1939, 6,000 people were laid off from Federal One. By July 1939, Congress voted to eliminate the Theatre Project, which had been criticized for communist influence. Federal sponsorship for

2822-702: The Federal Writers' Project (1999). A short-lived FWP project was called America Eats , a proposed book of the regional foodways of the United States. Writers in each state were tasked with gathering information about foods and food-related events unique to their area, and preparing essays about these. The country was divided into five regions: the Northeast, the South, the Middle West, the Far West, and

2905-401: The Federal Writers' Project ended in 1939. The program was permitted to continue under state sponsorship, with some federal employees, until 1943. In the last months of the FWP's operation, Henry Alsberg was fired. He continued to work past his firing date in order to meet contractual arrangements with the publishers of three upcoming American Guide books. By the time of his departure in 1939,

2988-534: The Life History and Folklore projects. These consisted of first-person narratives and interviews (collected and conducted by FWP workers), which represented people of various ethnicities, regions, and occupations. According to the Library of Congress website, American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940 , the documents "chronicle vivid life stories of Americans who lived at

3071-715: The Oregon volcano most likely to erupt. The odds of an eruption in the next 30 years are estimated at between 3 and 7%, so the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) characterizes it as "potentially active", but the mountain is informally considered dormant . Timberline Lodge is a National Historic Landmark located on the southern flank of Mount Hood just below Palmer Glacier , with an elevation of about 6,000 ft (1,800 m). The mountain has four ski areas : Timberline , Mount Hood Meadows , Ski Bowl , and Cooper Spur . They total over 4,600 acres (7.2 sq mi; 19 km ) of skiable terrain; Timberline, with one lift having

3154-578: The Pearly Gates, a gap in the summit rock formation, then right onto the summit plateau and the summit proper. Technical ice axes, fall protection, and experience are now recommended in order to attempt the left chute variation or Pearly Gates ice chute. The Forest Service recommends several other route options due to these changes in conditions (e.g. "Old Chute," West Crater Rim, etc.). As of May 2002, more than 130 people had died in climbing-related accidents since records have been kept on Mount Hood,

3237-595: The President of the United States as a monument to the skill and faithful performance of workers on the rolls of the Works Progress Administration'". FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt enjoyed a celebratory luncheon including salmon and huckleberry pie. In her My Day column, Mrs. Roosevelt praised the lodge's architectural features: "It is built exclusively of native products and by WPA labor. The interesting central fire place with its many openings

3320-523: The Southwest. While materials, in various quantities, were gathered from all five regions, the book America Eats! was never completed and published. The United States entry into World War II in 1943 resulted in a loss of funding for the FWP and its projects. Materials from the America Eats project are held in various archives and libraries around the country, including at the Library of Congress and

3403-488: The US entered World War II and funds were diverted to the war effort. An estimated 10,000 people found employment in the FWP. The project was intended not only to provide work relief for unemployed writers, but also to create a unique "self-portrait of America" through publication of histories and guidebooks. From 1935 to 1943, the project cost about $ 27,000,000 – 0.002% of all WPA appropriations. The American Guide Series ,

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3486-499: The above-named collection at the Library of Congress website. Folklorist Benjamin A. Botkin was instrumental in insuring the survival of these manuscripts. Among the many researchers and authors who have used this collection are Colson Whitehead , who drew from it for his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Underground Railroad . Other programs that emerged from Alsberg's desire to create an inclusive "self-portrait of America" were

3569-530: The abstract forms incised into the lodge chimney on the art of the local Tenino people . Likely-acquainted with William Gray Purcell , a fellow resident of Portland, Smith saw the Prairie School aesthetic carried through in tables, chairs, sectional sofas, columns, bedspreads, draperies, lampshades, and pendant lighting fixtures. She commissioned murals, paintings and carvings from Oregon's WPA artists. During an inspection tour of government activities in

3652-519: The arts' projects, were found to be false. Author Richard Wright , a future Guggenheim scholar, was often under attack, with his writings pronounced as "vile". Among the many charges leveled by HUAC against the FWP and its workers, was that Richard Wright was not born in the United States. (He was born in Mississippi.) Alsberg wrote a long court brief and provided supporting documents to refute each charge. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt supported

3735-483: The coming years. Looking east toward eastern Oregon with its great livestock raising areas, these visitors are going to visualize the relationship between the cattle ranches and the summer ranges in the forests. Looking westward and northward toward Portland and the Columbia River , with their great lumber and other wood using industries, they will understand the part which National Forest timber will play in

3818-753: The day after its publication, "conservatives attacked the book over its essays on the 1912 Lawrence textile strike and other labor issues. Such critics were even more scathing about the coverage of the Sacco and Vanzetti affair." Scholars called the questionable passages fair accounts; the controversy helped increase book sales. The most poisonous attacks against the FWP came from the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and its chair, Congressman Martin Dies Jr. of Texas. Alsberg and Hallie Flanagan , his counterpart at

3901-481: The day when many, many people from this region of the Nation are going to come here for skiing and tobogganing and various other forms of winter sports ." He dedicated the lodge, saying, "I am here to dedicate the Timberline Lodge and I do so in the words of the bronze tablet directly in front of me on the coping of this wonderful building: 'Timberline Lodge, Mount Hood National Forest dedicated September 28, 1937, by

3984-588: The environment. In 2014, a USGS employee, Dr. Seth Moran, proposed installing new instruments on Mount Hood to warn of volcanic activity. The instruments were installed at four different locations on the mountain, including: The proposed locations were in a protected wilderness area, tightly controlled by the United States Forest Service . The project was opposed by Wilderness Watch, a conservation group. Three monitoring stations were eventually installed on Mount Hood in 2020. Mount Hood

4067-917: The fair La-wa-la-clough (St. Helens). Or again Wy'east, the chief of the Multnomah tribe , competed with the chief of the Klickitat tribe . Their great anger led to their transformation into volcanoes. Their battle is said to have destroyed the Bridge of the Gods and thus created the great Cascades Rapids of the Columbia River . The mountain sits partly inside the reservation of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs . Three languages are spoken among this confederacy: Sahaptin , Upper Chinook/Kiksht (Wasco) and Numu (Paiute) . Therefore, any attempt to restore

4150-597: The family generate a profit starting in 1960. Kohnstamm, "the man who saved Timberline", died at the age of 80 on April 21, 2006. Kohnstamm's son Jeff is the Area Operator of Timberline Lodge. Exterior views of Timberline Lodge were used in The Shining (1980), Stanley Kubrick 's film adaptation of Stephen King 's 1977 novel set at the fictional Overlook Hotel. The staff and owners were concerned that guests would be reluctant to stay in Room 217 if it were featured in

4233-610: The festival moved to New Orleans , Louisiana. On April 18, 2024 a fire broke out at the lodge requiring multiple fire agencies to respond. Mount Hood Mount Hood , also known as Wy'east , is an active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range and is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc . It was formed by a subduction zone on the Pacific Coast and rests in the Pacific Northwest region of

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4316-428: The first half of the 20th century, advanced or at least slowed their retreat in the 1960s and 1970s, and have since returned to a pattern of retreat. The neo-glacial maximum extents formed in the early 18th century. During the last major glacial event between 29,000 and 10,000 years ago, glaciers reached down to the 2,600-to-2,300 ft (790-to-700 m) level, a distance of 9.3 mi (15.0 km) from

4399-487: The first in 1896. Incidents in May 1986, December 2006, and December 2009 attracted intense national and international media interest. Though avalanches are a common hazard on other glaciated mountains, most Mount Hood climbing deaths are the result of falls and hypothermia . Around 50 people require rescue per year. 3.4 percent of search and rescue missions in 2006 were for mountain climbers. The summit of Mount Hood has

4482-640: The highest reachable point one can gain on the mountain without requiring mountaineering gear. The Timberline Trail , which circumnavigates the entire mountain and rises as high as 7,300 ft (2,200 m), was built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps . Typically, the 40.7 mi (65.5 km) hike is snow-free from late July until the autumn snows begin. The trail includes over 10,000 ft (3,000 m) of elevation gain and loss and can vary in distance year to year depending on river crossings. There are many access points,

4565-460: The late 19th century cited 18,361 ft (5,596 m), though Mitchell's School Atlas gave 14,000 ft (4,300 m) as the correct value. For some time, many references assumed Mount Hood to be the highest point in North America. Modern height surveys also vary, but not by the huge margins seen in the past. A 1993 survey by a scientific party that arrived at the peak's summit with 16 lb (7.3 kg) of electronic equipment reported

4648-420: The longest skiing season in the U.S., and is open for skiers and snowboarders all 12 months of the year. Activities include skiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing, hiking, biking, and climbing. Each workman on Timberline Lodge gained proficiency in manual arts. He was a better workman, a better citizen, progressing by infinitely-slow steps to the degree above him. Timberline Lodge, a mountain lodge and resort hotel,

4731-421: The midst of an extensive tract of low or moderately elevated land [location of today's Vancouver, Washington ] lying S 67 E., and seemed to announce a termination to the river." Lt. Broughton named the mountain after Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood , a British admiral. Lewis and Clark spotted the mountain on October 18, 1805. A few days later at what would become The Dalles , Clark wrote, "The pinnacle of

4814-691: The most well-known of FWP's publications, consisted of guides to the then 48 states, the Alaska Territory, Puerto Rico , and Washington, D.C. The books were written and compiled by writers from individual states and territories, and edited by Alsberg and his staff in Washington, D.C. The format was generally uniform: each guide included detailed histories of the state or territory, with descriptions of every city and town, automobile travel routes, photographs, maps, and chapters on natural resources, culture, and geography. The inclusion of essays about

4897-609: The mountain's original indigenous name would require agreement on which language's name to use. The mountain was given its present name on October 29, 1792, by Lt. William Broughton , a member of Captain George Vancouver 's exploration expedition. Lt. Broughton observed its peak while at Belle Vue Point of what is now called Sauvie Island during his travels up the Columbia River, writing, "A very high, snowy mountain now appeared rising beautifully conspicuous in

4980-750: The mountain's upper slopes may be a source of potentially dangerous lahars when the mountain next erupts. There are vents near the summit that are known for emitting gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide . Prior to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens , the only known fatality related to volcanic activity in the Cascades occurred in 1934, when a climber suffocated in oxygen-poor air while exploring ice caves melted by fumaroles in Coalman Glacier on Mount Hood. Since 1950, there have been several earthquake swarms each year at Mount Hood, most notably in July 1980 and June 2002. Seismic activity

5063-495: The past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The volcano has had a VEI of 2 at least three times before. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below

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5146-400: The project, and each, in his way, was conscious of the ideal toward which all bent their energies." Federal Art Project contributions to the project were directed by Margery Hoffman Smith , Oregon Arts Project administrator. Smith created many designs for textiles and rugs. She designed the iconic "snow goose", the 750-pound (340 kg) bronze weather vane above the head house. Smith based

5229-647: The publication of The Negro in Virginia (1940). Notably, it included photographs by Robert McNeill , now remembered as a groundbreaking African-American photographer. African-American writer Zora Neale Hurston was employed by the Florida Writers' Project. Years after her death, her unpublished works from this time were compiled in Go Gator and Muddy the Water: Writings by Zora Neale Hurston from

5312-541: The round topped mountain, which we saw a short distance below the banks of the river, is South 43-degrees West of us and about 37 mi (60 km). It is at this time topped with snow. We called this the Falls Mountain, or Timm Mountain." Timm was the native name for Celilo Falls. Clark later noted that it was also Vancouver's Mount Hood. Two French explorers from the Hudson's Bay Company may have traveled into

5395-868: The shortest being a small walk from the Timberline Lodge. A portion of the Pacific Crest Trail is coincident with the Timberline Trail on the west side of Mount Hood. The predecessor of the Pacific Crest Trail was the Oregon Skyline Trail , established in 1920, which connected Mount Hood to Crater Lake . Mount Hood is Oregon's highest point and a prominent landmark visible up to 100 mi (160 km) away. About 10,000 people attempt to climb Mount Hood each year. It has convenient access, though it presents some technical climbing challenges. There are no trails to

5478-456: The site. "All classes, from the most elementary hand labor, through the various degrees of skill to the technically-trained, were employed," reported the WPA's Federal Writers' Project . "Pick and shovel wielders, stonecutters, plumbers, carpenters, steam-fitters, painters, wood-carvers, cabinet-makers, metal workers, leather-toolers, seamstresses, weavers, architects, authors, artists, actors, musicians, and landscape planners, each contributed to

5561-407: The six fireplace openings—three on the ground floor, three on the first floor—is five feet (1.5 m) wide and seven feet (2.1 m) high. Two wings, running west and southeast, flank the head house. Oregon woods used throughout the building include cedar , Douglas fir , hemlock , western juniper and ponderosa pine . The architect of Timberline Lodge is Gilbert Stanley Underwood , noted for

5644-427: The south route, begins at Timberline Lodge and proceeds up Palmer Glacier to Crater Rock, the large prominence at the head of the glacier. The route goes east around Crater Rock and crosses the Coalman Glacier on the Hogsback, a ridge spanning from Crater Rock to the approach to the summit. The Hogsback terminates at a bergschrund where the Coalman Glacier separates from the summit rock headwall . The route continues to

5727-431: The summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now-eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending shortly before the arrival of the explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The latest minor eruptive event was thought to have occurred in August 1907, but has been discredited as "an observation of non-eruptive fumarolic activity." The glaciers on

5810-509: The summit, with even the "easier" southside climbing route constituting a technical climb with crevasses, falling rocks, and often inclement weather. Ropes, ice axes , crampons and other technical mountaineering gear are necessary. Peak climbing season is generally from April to mid-June. There are six main routes to approach the mountain, with about 30 total variations for summiting. The climbs range in difficulty from class 2 to class 5.9+ (for Acrophobia ). The most popular route, dubbed

5893-461: The summit. The retreat released considerable outwash, some of which filled and flattened the upper Hood River Valley near Parkdale and formed Dee Flat . Older glaciation produced moraines near Brightwood and distinctive cuts on the southeast side; they may date to 140,000 years ago. Mt. Hood National Forest is home to approximately 1,000 mi (1,600 km) of trails. Cooper Spur Trail leads to 8,510 ft (2,590 m) in elevation,

5976-403: The support of this important element of northwestern prosperity. Those who will follow us to Timberline Lodge on their holidays and vacations will represent the enjoyment of new opportunities for play in every season of the year. I mention specially every season of the year because we, as a nation, I think, are coming to realize that the summer is not the only time for play. I look forward to

6059-578: The turn of the century and include tales of meeting Billy the Kid, surviving the 1871 Chicago fire , pioneer journeys out West, grueling factory work, and the immigrant experience. Writers hired by this Depression-era work project included Ralph Ellison , Nelson Algren , May Swenson , and many others." Among several projects within these first-person narratives was the Southern Life History Project created by William Couch , head of

6142-531: The various cultures of people living in the states, including immigrants and African Americans, was unprecedented. City books, such as The New York City Guide , were also published as part of the series. Some full-length books are available online at the Internet Archive. The FWP also published another series, Life In America , and numerous individual titles. Many FWP books were bestsellers, including New England Hurricane: A Factual, Pictorial Record ,

6225-497: The western U.S., President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated Timberline Lodge on September 28, 1937. In his speech, he said: This Timberline Lodge marks a venture that was made possible by WPA, emergency relief work, in order that we may test the workability of recreational facilities installed by the Government itself and operated under its complete control. Here, to Mount Hood, will come thousands and thousands of visitors in

6308-459: The years, as seen in the following table: Early explorers on the Columbia River estimated the elevation to be 10,000 to 12,000 ft (3,000 to 3,700 m). Two people in Thomas J. Dryer's 1854 expedition calculated the elevation to be 18,361 ft (5,596 m) and the tree line to be at 11,250 ft (3,430 m). Two months later, a Mr. Belden claimed to have climbed the mountain during

6391-402: Was closed. Richard Kohnstamm, the next operator, recalled difficulties due to financing problems because the government claimed they owned it. Kohnstamm decided to maintain the place as if he owned it; he lost money during his first five years of operation, but his timing was fortuitous. He took over only a few years before skiing exploded in popularity in the late 1950s. That popularity helped

6474-502: Was commissioned in May 1971 and decommissioned in August 1999. The glacially eroded summit area consists of several andesitic or dacitic lava domes ; Pleistocene collapses produced avalanches and lahars (rapidly moving mudflows) that traveled across the Columbia River to the north. The eroded volcano has had at least four major eruptive periods during the past 15,000 years. The last three eruptions at Mount Hood occurred within

6557-596: Was complete at the time of the dedication. After some interior details were finished, the lodge opened to the public February 4, 1938. Franklin Roosevelt's vision of winter sports at Timberline Lodge took hesitant steps the following year. A portable rope tow was installed, and construction began on the Magic Mile chairlift, which opened November 1939. In the lodge's early years, none of its four operators were willing or able to maintain it. By 1955, Timberline Lodge

6640-489: Was constructed between 1936 and 1938 as a Works Progress Administration project during The Great Depression . Eighty percent of the WPA's $ 695,730 total expenditure on building costs went toward labor. Skilled building trade workers received ninety cents an hour; unskilled laborers received fifty-five cents an hour. Some of the skilled stonemasons on the project were Italian immigrants brought in after working on The Historic Columbia River Highway and other roads in Oregon. About

6723-619: Was featured in the HBO documentary, Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Narratives . The film includes actors Angela Bassett and Samuel L. Jackson performing dramatic readings of selected transcripts. The 1999 film Cradle Will Rock , by Tim Robbins , while depicting the events of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP), dramatizes the attacks against Federal One by HUAC. Its efforts resulted in closing both

6806-494: Was first seen by European explorers in 1792 and is believed to have maintained a consistent summit elevation, varying by no more than a few feet due to mild seismic activity. Elevation changes since the 1950s are predominantly due to improved survey methods and model refinements of the shape of the Earth (see vertical reference datum ). Despite the physical consistency, the estimated elevation of Mount Hood has varied substantially over

6889-506: Was one of the few racially integrated project sites. Among its directors was Jacob Scher . The Chicago project employed Arna Bontemps , an established voice of the Harlem Renaissance , and helped to launch the literary careers of African-American writers such as Richard Wright , Margaret Walker , Katherine Dunham , and Frank Yerby . The Virginia Negro Studies Project employed 16 African-American writers and culminated in

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