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117-469: Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock ; November 26, 1939 – May 24, 2023) was a singer, songwriter, and actress. Known as the " Queen of Rock 'n' Roll ", she rose to prominence as the lead singer of the husband-wife duo Ike & Tina Turner before launching a successful career as a solo performer. Turner began her musical career with her future husband Ike Turner 's band, the Kings of Rhythm , in 1956. Under

234-750: A Mobil card to the nearby Ramada Inn across the freeway. She filed for divorce on July 27 and it was finalized on March 29, 1978. After their separation, United Artists released two more albums credited to the duo: Delilah's Power (1977) and Airwaves (1978). In 1976 and 1977, Tina Turner earned income by appearing on TV shows such as The Hollywood Squares , Donny & Marie , The Sonny & Cher Show , and The Brady Bunch Hour . After her separation from Ike, lawsuits were mounting for canceled Ike & Tina Turner gigs. She resumed touring to pay off her debts, with finances given to her by United Artists executive Mike Stewart . In 1977, she re-emerged with new costumes created by Bob Mackie . She headlined

351-662: A census-designated place (CDP). A CDP is an area defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. It is a populated area that generally includes one officially designated but currently unincorporated community for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions, and occasionally other smaller unincorporated communities as well. Otherwise, it has no legal status. The Census Bureau designates some unincorporated areas as "unorganized territories", as defined by

468-424: A county island is surrounded on most or all sides by municipalities. In areas of sparse population, the majority of the land in any given state may be unincorporated. Some states, including North Carolina , grant extraterritorial jurisdiction to cities and towns (but rarely villages) so that they may control zoning for a limited distance into adjacent unincorporated areas, often as a precursor (and sometimes as

585-597: A local services board in Ontario. In New Brunswick, where a significant population lives in a local service district , taxation and services may come directly from the province. The entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities ; the only exceptions are four military training areas . These are parts of the regions and do not form self-governing municipalities, but are rather governed by military offices ( újezdní úřad ), which are subordinate to

702-456: A "place or area with clustered or scattered buildings, and a permanent human population (city, settlement, town, village)." No legal boundaries exist, although a corresponding "civil" record may occur, the boundaries of which may or may not match the perceived populated place. Some nations have some exceptional unincorporated areas: Many countries, especially those with many centuries of history with multiple tiers of local government, do not use

819-473: A Duo or Group . In July 1971, their live album, What You Hear Is What You Get , was released . It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and became their first certified Gold album. Later that year they had a top 40 R&B hit with " Ooh Poo Pah Doo ". Their next three singles to chart, " I'm Yours (Use Me Anyway You Wanna) ", " Up in Heah ", and " Early One Morning " (a Little Richard cover) all peaked at No. 47 on

936-462: A Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance . The success of the albums led to the revue headlining in Las Vegas , where their shows were attended by a variety of celebrities including Sly Stone , Janis Joplin , Cher , James Brown , Ray Charles , Elton John , and Elvis Presley . Sammy Davis Jr. was particularly fond of Turner, and after she filmed an episode of The Name of

1053-740: A brief diversion to disco music, failed to chart, so United Artists Records and Turner parted ways. Without the premise of a hit record, she continued performing and headlined her second tour. In 1979, Australian manager Roger Davies agreed to manage Turner after seeing her perform at the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco. In early 1979, Turner worked in Italy as a regular performer on the Rete 1 TV series Luna Park , hosted by Pippo Baudo and Heather Parisi . Later that year, she embarked on

1170-567: A concert on home video. During this time, she also contributed vocals to the USA for Africa benefit song " We Are the World ". Turner's success continued when she traveled to Australia to star opposite Mel Gibson in the 1985 post-apocalyptic film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome . The movie provided her with her first acting role in ten years; she portrayed the glamorous Aunty Entity, the ruler of Bartertown. Upon release, critical response to her performance

1287-762: A controversial five-week tour of South Africa during the apartheid regime. She later regretted the decision, stating that she was "naive about the politics in South Africa" at the time. In October 1981, Rod Stewart attended Turner's show at the Ritz in New York City and invited her to perform " Hot Legs " with him on Saturday Night Live . In November, Turner opened for the Rolling Stones during their 1981 American Tour . Turner performed in March 1982 in

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1404-627: A council of their own, usually an Ortsvorsteher or Ortsvorsteherin (village chairman / chairwoman) is appointed by the municipal council, except in the very smallest villages. In 2000, the number of unincorporated areas in Germany, called gemeindefreie Gebiete (municipality-free areas) or singular gemeindefreies Gebiet , was 295 with a total area of 4,890 km (1,890 sq mi) and around 1.4% of its territory. However, these are mostly unpopulated areas such as forests, lakes and their surroundings, military training areas, and

1521-809: A cover of Iggy Pop 's " Tonight ". Released as a single in November, it peaked at No. 53 in both the UK and the US. Turner culminated her comeback when she won three Grammys at the 27th Annual Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "What's Love Got to Do with It". In February 1985, she embarked on her second world tour to support the Private Dancer album. Two nights were filmed at Birmingham, England 's NEC Arena and later released as

1638-499: A descriptive name, followed by the designation "unorganized territory". Unorganized territories were first used for statistical purposes in conjunction with the 1960 census. At the 2000 census there were 305 of these territories within the United States. Their total land area was 85,392 square miles (221,165 km ) and they had a total population of 247,331. South Dakota had the most unorganized territories, 102, as well as

1755-451: A duet, " It's Only Love ", with Bryan Adams . It was nominated for a Grammy Award, and the music video won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Stage Performance. In 1986, Turner released her sixth solo album, Break Every Rule , which reached No. 1 in four countries and sold over five million copies worldwide within its first year of release. The album sold more than a million copies in the United States and Germany alone. The album featured

1872-655: A female artist in North America that year. In January 1988, Turner performed in front of approximately 180,000 at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , setting a Guinness World Record at the time for the largest paying concert attendance for a solo artist. In April 1988, Turner released the Tina Live in Europe album, which won a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance . After taking time off following

1989-453: A few other unique cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in remote locations, cover vast areas, or have very small populations. Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in other parts of Australia, normally use the suburb or locality names gazetted by the relevant state or territorial government. Thus, any ambiguity regarding addresses rarely exists in unincorporated areas. In Canada, depending on

2106-469: A form of direct democracy, such as the open town meeting or representative town meeting . Larger towns in New England may be incorporated as cities, with some form of mayor-council government. In New Jersey, multiple types exist, as well, such as city , township , town , borough , or village , but these differences are in the structure of the legislative branches, not in the powers or functions of

2223-631: A hospital or sing in Ike's band. I didn't know anything else. Or anyone else. And I wanted to sing. —Tina Turner (1986) Bullock and her sister began to perform frequently at nightclubs in St. Louis and East St. Louis . She first saw Ike Turner perform with his band the Kings of Rhythm at the Club Manhattan in East St. Louis. Bullock was impressed by his talent, recalling that she "almost went into

2340-466: A legal requirement) to later annexation of those areas. This is especially useful in rural counties that have no zoning at all, or only spot zoning for unincorporated communities. In California, all counties except the City and County of San Francisco have unincorporated areas. Even in highly populated counties, the unincorporated portions may contain a large number of inhabitants. In Los Angeles County ,

2457-473: A music video for "Ball of Confusion" that aired on the fledgling music video channel MTV , becoming one of the first black American artists to gain airtime on the channel. Also in 1982, Turner appeared as a special guest on Chuck Berry 's television special performed at The Roxy in West Hollywood . Until 1983, Turner was considered a nostalgia act, performing mostly at hotel ballrooms and clubs in

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2574-455: A part of an incorporated place, changes to another incorporated place, or disincorporates. For example, places in Kingwood, Texas , previously unincorporated, retained "Kingwood, TX" mailing addresses after the 1996 annexation of Kingwood into the city of Houston . The Houston city government stated on its website, "The U.S. Postal Service establishes ZIP codes and mailing addresses to maximize

2691-524: A place name is "acceptable" in a mailing address or not, as is the case with Lithia Springs, Georgia . ZIP Code boundaries often ignore political boundaries, so the appearance of a place name in a mailing address alone does not indicate whether the place is incorporated or unincorporated. Unincorporated areas with permanent populations in the United States are defined by the United States Geological Survey as "populated places",

2808-505: A political fundraiser for the 1972 presidential campaign of George McGovern , at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The duo's 1973 hit single " Nutbush City Limits " (No. 22 Pop, No. 11 R&B), penned by Tina Turner, reached No. 1 in Austria, No. 4 in the UK, and the top 5 in several other countries. It was certified silver by the BPI for selling a quarter of a million in the UK. As

2925-478: A population between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data. In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction. Some unincorporated settlements in such unorganized areas may have some types of municipal services provided to them by a quasigovernmental agency such as

3042-579: A public comeback in February 2008 at the Grammy Awards , where she performed alongside Beyoncé . In addition, she won a Grammy as a featured artist on River: The Joni Letters . In October 2008, Turner embarked on her first tour in nearly ten years with the Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour . In support of the tour, Turner released a greatest hits compilation . The tour was a huge success and became one of

3159-581: A result of their success, they received the Golden European Record Award, the first ever given, for selling more than one million records of "Nutbush City Limits" in Europe. Their follow-up hits included " Sweet Rhode Island Red ", and " Sexy Ida " in 1974. In 1974, the duo released the Grammy-nominated album The Gospel According to Ike & Tina , which was nominated for Best Soul Gospel Performance . Ike also received

3276-463: A series of cabaret shows at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas and took her act to smaller venues in the United States. Later that year, she embarked on her first solo concert tour in Australia. In 1978, Turner released her third solo album, Rough , on United Artists with distribution in North America and Europe on EMI . That album, along with its 1979 follow-up, Love Explosion , which included

3393-466: A significant amount of Native American ancestry until she participated in the PBS series African American Lives 2 with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Gates shared her genealogical DNA test estimates and traced her family timeline. Bullock had two older sisters, Evelyn Juanita Currie and Ruby Alline Bullock , a songwriter. She was the first cousin once removed of bluesman Eugene Bridges . As young children,

3510-623: A solo nomination for his single " Father Alone " from the album. Tina Turner's first solo album, Tina Turns the Country On! , earned her a nomination for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female . That year, Tina Turner filmed the rock opera Tommy in London. She played the Acid Queen, a drug-addicted prostitute; her performance was critically acclaimed. Shortly after filming wrapped, Turner appeared on Ann-Margret 's TV special. Following

3627-567: A television deal with CBS-TV . Ike made plans for them to leave United Artists Records for a five-year deal with Cream Records for $ 150,000 per year; the deal was to be signed on July 5. On July 1, the Turners flew from Los Angeles to Dallas , where the revue had a gig at the Statler Hilton in downtown. The couple got into a physical altercation on their way to the hotel. Shortly after arriving, Tina fled from Ike with only 36 cents and

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3744-451: A trance" watching him play. She asked Turner to let her sing in his band despite the fact that few women had ever sung with him. Turner said he would call her but never did. One night in 1956, Bullock got hold of the microphone from Kings of Rhythm drummer Eugene Washington during an intermission and she sang the B.B. King blues ballad , " You Know I Love You ". Upon hearing Bullock sing, Ike Turner asked her if she knew more songs. She sang

3861-476: A turning point in their careers in which they switched from their usual R&B repertoire to incorporate more rock tunes such as " Come Together ", " Honky Tonk Woman ", and " Get Back ". In early 1971, their cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival 's " Proud Mary " became their biggest hit. The single reached No. 4 on the Hot 100 and sold more than a million copies, winning them a Grammy for Best R&B Performance by

3978-522: A very young woman who didn't want another kid." As a teenager, Bullock worked as a domestic worker for the Henderson family in Ripley, Tennessee . She was at the Henderson house when she was notified that her half-sister Evelyn had died in a car crash alongside her cousins Margaret and Vela Evans, while Vela survived the car crash. A self-professed tomboy, Bullock joined both the cheerleading squad and

4095-422: Is a small group of islands that forms the easternmost part of Denmark. This small archipelago lies 20 kilometers northeast of Bornholm and is the only part of metropolitan Denmark which is not part of a municipality. The islands have been under military jurisdiction since 1685 when Denmark turned Christiansø into a naval base to in response to Sweden creating Karlskrona naval base a few years earlier. In 1926,

4212-511: Is one of the most populated places in Georgia but is served by a branch of the Atlanta post office. Only after the city was incorporated in 2005 was "Sandy Springs" approved for use in mailing addresses, though "Atlanta" remains the default name. Accordingly, "Atlanta" is the only accepted place name for mailing addresses in the nearby unincorporated town of Vinings , also served by a branch of

4329-588: Is subdivided into 393 municipalities which are further classified, normally by population, as city , local council , or regional council . All three types of municipality provide services including zoning and planning. However, a few unincorporated areas exist, whether because of omissions and ambiguities left in official maps dating from the British Mandate for Palestine , or due to deliberate policy of ensuring facilities of national importance, such as Ben Gurion Airport , Mikveh Israel boarding school, or

4446-546: Is the Longyearbyen Community Council in Svalbard, which since 2004 in reality acts partly like a Norwegian municipality. Svalbard has a governor appointed by the government of Norway, ruling the area. Jan Mayen has no population, only radio and weather stations with staff, whose manager has the responsibility for the activities. Bouvet Island has only occasional visitors. In local government in

4563-811: The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. Turner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and on the St. Louis Walk of Fame . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice: with Ike Turner in 1991 and as a solo artist in 2021. She was also a 2005 recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors and the Women of the Year award . Turner was born Anna Mae Bullock on November 26, 1939, in Brownsville, Tennessee . She

4680-541: The BAZAN Group oil refineries, would not have their operation affected by local considerations. The largest unincorporated area in Israel is the so-called "Reservation area", a triangular region whose vertexes are Beersheba , Dimona and Arad , in which all Negev Bedouins were concentrated in the 1950s. As no municipal services are provided within unincorporated areas, this effectively makes all Bedouin settlements in

4797-601: The Break Every Rule World Tour (1987–1988), which became the top-grossing female tour of the 1980s and set a Guinness World Record for the then- largest paying audience in a concert (180,000). Turner also acted in the films Tommy (1975) and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985). In 1986, she published her autobiography I, Tina: My Life Story , which was adapted for the 1993 film What's Love Got to Do with It . In 2009, Turner retired after completing her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour . In 2018, she

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4914-599: The Ministry of Defence . Note: The Brdy Military Area was abandoned by the Army in 2015 and converted into a protected landscape area , with its area being incorporated either into existing municipalities or into newly established municipalities based on the existing settlements. The other four military training areas were reduced in size in 2015 too. The decisions on whether the settlements joined existing municipalities or formed new ones were made by plebiscites. Ertholmene ,

5031-756: The Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders (Southern IJsselmeerpolders Public Body). In 1984, the Landdrost became the first mayor of the new city Almere. Since that date, the Netherlands does not have any unincorporated land areas. The Openbaar Lichaam remained, however, only governing the water body of the Markermeer . After the municipal division of the Wadden Sea (1985), the territorial waters in

5148-665: The United States Postal Service (USPS) (indeed, some have their own post offices), and the Census Bureau uses the names of some widely recognized unincorporated communities for its CDPs for which it tabulates census data. In some instances, unincorporated areas have a mailing address indicating the name of an incorporated city, as well as those where residents of one incorporated city have mailing addresses indicating another incorporated city. Mailing addresses do not necessarily change whether an area becomes

5265-650: The northeastern states . All of the land in New Jersey , Connecticut , Massachusetts , New York , and Rhode Island , and nearly all of the land in New Hampshire , Pennsylvania , and Vermont , is part of an incorporated area of some type. In these areas, types (and official names) of local government entities can vary. In New England (which includes five of those eight states, plus the less fully incorporated state of Maine ), local municipalities are known as towns or cities, and most towns are administered by

5382-523: The 1950s. There was a series of attempts to find—and a number of claimants to be—the "King of Rock 'n' Roll", a title that became most associated with Elvis Presley . This has been characterized as part of a process of the appropriation of credit for innovation of the then new music by a white establishment. Different honorifics have been taken or given for other leading figures in the genre, such as "the Architect of Rock and Roll", by Little Richard from

5499-591: The 1980s, Turner launched "one of the greatest comebacks in music history". Her 1984 multi-platinum album Private Dancer contained the hit song " What's Love Got to Do with It ", which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became her first and only number-one song on the Billboard Hot 100 . Her chart success continued with " Better Be Good to Me ", " Private Dancer ", " We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome) ", " Typical Male ", " The Best ", " I Don't Wanna Fight ", and " GoldenEye ". She embarked on

5616-471: The 1980s. Some nicknames have been strongly promulgated and contested by various artists, and occasionally disowned or played down by their subjects. Some notable honorific nicknames are in general usage and commonly identified with particular individuals. Unincorporated community An unincorporated area is a region that is not governed by a local municipal corporation . There are many unincorporated communities and areas in

5733-421: The 1990s; this term, like many, is also used for other important figures, in this case including pioneer electric guitarist Les Paul . Similar honorific nicknames have been given in other genres, including Aretha Franklin , who was crowned the "Queen of Soul" on stage by disk jockey Pervis Spann in 1968. Michael Jackson and Madonna have been closely associated with the terms "King and Queen of Pop" since

5850-682: The Atlanta post office, even though Vinings is in Cobb County and Atlanta is in Fulton and DeKalb counties. In contrast, neighboring Mableton has not been incorporated in nearly a century, but has its own post office and thus "Mableton" is the only acceptable place name for mailing addresses in the town. The areas of Dulah and Faria , California, which are unincorporated areas in Ventura County between Ventura and Carpinteria , have

5967-512: The Game with him in Las Vegas he surprised her with a Jaguar XJ6 . As the decade came to an end, Ike & Tina Turner began performing at music festivals. Tina Turner's fashion evolved from formal dresses to minidresses and revealing outfits. She emerged as a sex symbol and was praised for her sensual performances. In the fall of 1969, Ike & Tina Turner's profile in their home country

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6084-578: The North Sea (1991) and the IJsselmeer (1994), all water bodies are now also part of a municipality and no unincorporated areas exist in the Netherlands anymore. The Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders was dissolved in 1996. The New Zealand outlying islands are offshore island groups that are part of New Zealand. The Chatham Islands is the only island group among these that are populated and it has its own territorial authority . Most of

6201-692: The Performing Arts in Washington, DC, and was elected to join an elite group of entertainers. In February 2006, Turner released " Teach Me Again ", a duet single with Italian singer-songwriter Elisa that was recorded for the anthology film All the Invisible Children . The whole revenue from the single's sales was donated to charity projects for children led by the World Food Programme and UNICEF . Turner made

6318-669: The R&;B chart in 1961, earning them a Grammy nomination for Best Rock and Roll Performance . Other singles Ike and Tina Turner released between 1960 and 1962 included the R&B hits " I Idolize You ", " Poor Fool ", and " Tra La La La La ". After the release of "A Fool in Love", Ike Turner created the Ike & Tina Turner Revue, which included the Kings of Rhythm and a girl group, the Ikettes , as backing vocalists and dancers. He remained in

6435-407: The R&B chart. In 1972, the Turners opened Bolic Sound recording studio near their home in Inglewood . After Liberty was absorbed into United Artists Records , they were assigned to that label. Around this time, Tina Turner began writing more songs. She wrote nine out of the ten tracks on their 1972 album Feel Good . In October 1972, Turner and the Ikettes performed at Star-Spangled Women ,

6552-569: The Swiss Beyond Foundation remains active and enables the collaboration of musical artists from different parts of the world. In April 2010, mainly due to an online campaign by fans of Rangers Football Club , Turner's 1989 hit, " The Best ", returned to the UK singles chart, peaking at No. 9. This made Turner the first female recording artist in UK chart history to score top 40 hits in six consecutive decades (1960s–2010s). In 2011, Beyond 's second album Children – With Children United in Prayer followed and charted again in Switzerland. Turner promoted

6669-482: The U.S. Census Bureau where portions of counties are not included in any legally established minor civil division (MCD) or independent incorporated place. These occur in 10 MCD states: Arkansas , Indiana , Iowa , Louisiana , Maine , Minnesota , North Carolina , North Dakota , Ohio , and South Dakota . The census recognizes such separate pieces of territory as one or more separate county subdivisions for statistical purposes. It assigns each unorganized territory

6786-496: The United States , an unincorporated area generally refers to the part of a county that is outside any municipality. An unincorporated community is one general term for a geographic area having a common social identity without municipal organization or official political designation (i.e., incorporation as a city or town). The two main types of unincorporated communities are: Most states have granted some form of home rule , so that county commissions (or boards or councils) have

6903-558: The United States and Canada. In Argentina, the provinces of Chubut , Córdoba , Entre Ríos , Formosa , Neuquén , Río Negro , San Luis , Santa Cruz , Santiago del Estero , Tierra del Fuego , and Tucumán have areas that are outside any municipality or commune. Unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area (LGA) often contains several towns and even entire metropolitan areas. Thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and

7020-443: The United States by Congress. Currently, the five major unincorporated U.S. insular areas are American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , and the U.S. Virgin Islands . Unincorporated insular areas can be ceded to another nation or be granted independence. The U.S. has one incorporated insular area, Palmyra Atoll . Incorporation is regarded as perpetual by the U.S. federal government; once incorporated,

7137-416: The United States. During her second stint at the Ritz, she signed with Capitol Records in 1983. In November 1983, she released her cover of Al Green 's " Let's Stay Together ", which was produced by B.E.F. It reached several European charts, including No. 6 in the UK. In the US, the song peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 1 on Hot Dance Club Songs , and No. 3 on Hot Black Singles . Following

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7254-422: The United States]. I'm as big as Madonna in Europe. I'm as big as, in some places [in Europe], as the Rolling Stones [ sic ]. —Turner reflecting on her European success, Larry King Live , 1997 In 1991, Ike & Tina Turner were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Ike Turner was incarcerated at the time and Tina Turner did not attend. Turner stated through her publicist that she

7371-437: The Willem Ruis show (Netherlands), which resulted in the hit " Shame, Shame, Shame " (reaching No. 47 in the Netherlands). In 1982 Turner's recording of the Temptations ' " Ball of Confusion " for the UK production team B.E.F. became a hit in European dance clubs. In 1982, Turner also appeared on the album Music of Quality and Distinction Volume 1 by B.E.F., a side project of Heaven 17 , singing "Ball of Confusion". She filmed

7488-484: The ZIP Code of 93001, which is assigned to the post office at 675 E. Santa Clara St. in Ventura; thus, all mail to those two areas is addressed to Ventura. If an unincorporated area becomes incorporated, it may be split among ZIP Codes, and its new name may be recognized as acceptable for use with some or all of them in mailing addresses, as has been the case in Johns Creek and Milton, Georgia . If an incorporated area disincorporates, though, this has no effect on whether

7605-586: The album by performing on TV shows in Germany and Switzerland. In April 2013, Turner appeared on the cover of the German issue of Vogue magazine at the age of 73, becoming the oldest person to be featured on the cover of Vogue . In February 2014, Parlophone Records released a new compilation titled Love Songs . Honorific nicknames in popular music In U.S. culture , despite its republican constitution and ideology, royalist honorific nicknames have been used to describe leading figures in various areas of activity, such as industry, commerce, sports, and

7722-498: The album's second single, " What's Love Got to Do with It "; the song had previously been recorded by the pop group Bucks Fizz . Following the album's release, Turner joined Lionel Richie as the opening act on his tour. On September 1, 1984, Turner achieved her first and only No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 with "What's Love Got to Do with It". The follow-up singles " Better Be Good to Me " and " Private Dancer " were both US top 10 hits. The same year, she duetted with David Bowie on

7839-456: The area unrecognized , with the sole exception of those that were included from 2003 within the Abu Basma Regional Council . On 5 November 2012 that council was split into two new councils, Neve Midbar Regional Council and al-Kasom Regional Council . The Netherlands has had regular periods with unincorporated land when newly reclaimed land polders fall dry. Unincorporated land is since medieval times administered by an appointed officer with

7956-595: The background as the bandleader. Ike Turner put the entire revue through a rigorous touring schedule across the United States, performing 90 days straight in venues around the country. During the days of the Chitlin' Circuit , the Ike & Tina Turner Revue built a reputation as "one of the hottest, most durable, and potentially most explosive of all R&B ensembles", rivaling the James Brown Revue in terms of musical spectacle. Due to their profitable performances, they were able to perform in front of desegregated audiences in Southern clubs and hotels. Between 1963 and 1965,

8073-406: The band toured constantly and produced moderately successful R&B singles. Tina Turner's first credited single as a solo artist, "Too Many Ties That Bind"/"We Need an Understanding", was released from Ike Turner's label Sonja Records in 1964. Another single by the duo, " You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had ", reached No. 29 on the Billboard R&B chart. After their tenure at Sue Records,

8190-474: The bestselling tours in history. In 2009, Turner officially retired from performing. In 2009, Turner co-founded a global music foundation, Beyond Foundation, with Swiss Christian musician Regula Curti and Swiss Tibetan Buddhist Dechen Shak-Dagsay . Turner co-released four albums of spiritual or uplifting music released through projects with Beyond : Buddhist and Christian Prayers (2009), Children (2011), Love Within (2014), and Awakening (2017). As of 2023,

8307-432: The city. The California Government Code allows cities to call themselves towns, if they wish, although the designation is purely cosmetic. In the context of the insular areas of the United States, the word "unincorporated" refers to territories in which the United States Congress has determined that only selected parts of the Constitution of the United States apply and which have not been formally incorporated into

8424-694: The council of Municipal District or Specialized Municipality within their boundaries, or by the Minister of Municipal Affairs within the boundaries of an Improvement District. For example, were they incorporated, the urban service areas of Fort McMurray in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and Sherwood Park in Strathcona County would be the fifth- and sixth-largest cities in Alberta. Unincorporated settlements with

8541-495: The county government estimates the population of its unincorporated areas to exceed one million people. Despite having 88 incorporated cities and towns, including the state's most populous, 65% of the land in Los Angeles County is unincorporated, this mostly consisting of Angeles National Forest and sparsely populated regions to its north. In California, the state constitution recognizes only one kind of municipality,

8658-609: The county level. In mid-Atlantic states such as New York and Pennsylvania, a hybrid model that tries to balance the two approaches is prevalent, with differing allocations of power between municipalities and counties existing. Throughout the U.S., some large cities have annexed all surrounding unincorporated areas within their counties, creating what are known as consolidated city–county forms of government (e.g., Jacksonville, Florida , and Nashville, Tennessee ). In these cases, unincorporated areas continue to exist in other counties of their respective metropolitan areas. Conversely,

8775-743: The duo signed with more than ten labels during the remainder of the decade, including Kent , Cenco, Tangerine , Pompeii , A&M , and Minit . In 1964, they signed to Warner Bros. Records and Bob Krasnow became their manager. On the Warner Bros. label, they achieved their first charting album with Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show , peaking at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot R&;B LP chart in February 1965. Their singles " Tell Her I'm Not Home ", released on Loma Records , and " Good Bye, So Long ", released on Modern Records , were top 40 R&B hits in 1965. Tina Turner's profile

8892-428: The efficiency of their system, not to recognize jurisdictional boundaries." The USPS is very conservative about recognizing new place names for use in mailing addresses and typically only does so when a place incorporates. The original place name associated with a ZIP Code is still maintained as the default place name, even though the name of the newly incorporated place is more accurate. As an example, Sandy Springs

9009-468: The end of the tour, she emerged with the Foreign Affair album in 1989. It reached No. 1 in eight countries, including in the UK (5× Platinum), her first number-one album there. The album sold over six million copies worldwide and included the international hit single " The Best ". In 1990, Turner embarked on her Foreign Affair European Tour , which drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking

9126-583: The end of the tour. In November 2004, Turner released All the Best , which debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 in 2005, her highest charting album in the United States. The album went platinum in the US three months after its release and reached platinum status in seven other countries, including the UK. In December 2005, Turner was recognized by the Kennedy Center Honors at the John F. Kennedy Center for

9243-565: The entire area was declared protected cultural heritage. Population of less than 100. Statistics Denmark groups it with Bornholm in Landsdel Bornholm . Since Germany has no administrative level comparable to the townships of other countries, the vast majority of the country, close to 99%, is organized in municipalities ( German : Gemeinde , plural Gemeinden ), often consisting of multiple settlements that are not considered to be unincorporated. Because these settlements lack

9360-486: The entities themselves. On the opposite end of the spectrum is the Virginia "strong county" model. Virginia and other states with this model, such as Alabama , Maryland , and Tennessee , set strict requirements on incorporation or grant counties broad powers that in other states are carried out by cities, creating a disincentive to incorporate, and thus have large urbanized areas which have no municipal government below

9477-459: The fall of 1966. In November 1967, Turner became the first female artist and the first black artist to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. The duo signed with Blue Thumb Records in 1968, releasing the album Outta Season in 1969. The album produced their charted cover of Otis Redding 's " I've Been Loving You Too Long ". Later that year they released The Hunter album. The title track, Albert King 's " The Hunter ", earned Turner

9594-493: The family returned to Nutbush to live in the Flagg Grove community, where Bullock attended Flagg Grove Elementary School from first through eighth grade. As a young girl, Bullock sang in the church choir at Nutbush's Spring Hill Baptist Church. In 1950, when she was 11, her mother Zelma left without warning, seeking freedom from her abusive relationship with Floyd by relocating to St. Louis . Two years after her mother left

9711-460: The family, her father married another woman and moved to Detroit. Bullock and her sisters were sent to live with their maternal grandmother, Georgeanna Currie, in Brownsville, Tennessee. She stated in her autobiography I, Tina that she felt her parents did not love her and that she was not wanted. Zelma had planned to leave Floyd but stayed once she became pregnant. Bullock recalled: "She was

9828-432: The female basketball team at Carver High School in Brownsville, and "socialized every chance she got". When Bullock was 16, her grandmother died, so she went to live with her mother in St. Louis. She graduated from Sumner High School in 1958. After high school, Bullock worked as a nurse's aide at Barnes-Jewish Hospital . I would have been lost in my life at that point without him. I mean, I could do two things: work in

9945-408: The first years, the soil is equivalent to quicksand . During the initial period of inhabitation, a special, government-appointed officer was installed, the landdrost . During the administrative office of a Landdrost , no municipal council forms. In 1975, the first homes in what is now the city of Almere were built, and from 1976 to 1984, the area was governed by the Landdrost as the executive of

10062-521: The largest amount of land under that status: 39,785 square miles (103,042 km ), or 52.4% of the state's land area. North Dakota followed with 86 territories, 20,358 square miles (52,728 km ), or 29.5% of its land area. Maine was next with 36 territories, 14,052 square miles (36,396 km ), or 45.5% of its land area. Minnesota had 71 territories, 10,552 square miles (27,330 km ), or 13% of its land area. Several other states had small amounts of unorganized territory. The unorganized territory with

10179-445: The largest population was Camp Lejeune, North Carolina , a United States Marine Corps base with a census population of 34,452 inhabitants. In the 2010 census , unorganized territory areas were identified in nine U.S. states: Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Many unincorporated communities are also recognized as acceptable place names for use in mailing addresses by

10296-427: The largest unincorporated areas in Germany (including all inhabited areas, but excluding lakes) with an area of more than 50 km (19 sq mi): In Bavaria, there are other contiguous unincorporated areas covering an area of more than 50 km (19 sq mi) which are however composed of several adjacent unincorporated areas, each one of which is under 50 km in area. In Israel, almost all land

10413-797: The like. As of 31 December 2007 , Germany had 248 uninhabited unincorporated areas (of which 214 are located in Bavaria ), not belonging to any municipality, consisting mostly of forested areas, lakes, and larger rivers. Also, three inhabited unincorporated areas exist, all of which served as military training areas : Osterheide and Lohheide in Lower Saxony, and Gutsbezirk Münsingen in Baden-Württemberg . They have fewer than 2,000 inhabitants in total. Gutsbezirk Münsingen has become uninhabited after losing its inhabited parts to adjacent municipalities on 1 January 2011. The following shows

10530-595: The media; father or mother have been used for innovators , and royal titles such as king and queen for dominant figures in a field. In the 1930s and 1940s, as jazz and swing music were gaining popularity, it was the more commercially successful white artists Paul Whiteman and Benny Goodman who became known as "the King of Jazz" and "the King of Swing" respectively, despite there being more highly regarded contemporary African-American artists. These patterns of naming were transferred to rock and roll when it emerged in

10647-458: The name Landdrost or Drossaart . Also, Elten and Tudderen , both annexed from Germany after World War II , were governed by a Landdrost until they were ceded back to Germany in 1963. The most recent period with unincorporated land started in 1967, when the dyke around Southern Flevoland was closed, but several years are required before the polder is genuinely accessible for cultivation, and construction of roads and homes can start, as in

10764-460: The name Little Ann, she appeared on her first record, " Boxtop ", in 1958. In 1960, she debuted as Tina Turner with the hit single " A Fool in Love ". The Ike & Tina Turner Revue became "one of the most formidable live acts in history". The duo released hits such as " It's Gonna Work Out Fine ", " River Deep – Mountain High ", " Proud Mary ", and " Nutbush City Limits " before disbanding in 1976. In

10881-400: The other island groups are not part of any administrative region or district , but are instead each designated as an Area Outside Territorial Authority . In Norway, the outlying islands of Bouvet Island , Jan Mayen , and Svalbard are outside of all of the country's counties and municipalities . They are ruled directly by national authorities without any local democracy. An exception

10998-454: The province, an unincorporated settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a larger municipal government. These range from small hamlets to large urbanized areas similar in size to a town or city. In Alberta , unincorporated communities can be classified as Hamlet, Locality or townsite. A Hamlet is an unincorporated community that can be designated by

11115-550: The record for a European tour that was previously set by the Rolling Stones . In October 1991 Turner released her first greatest hits compilation Simply the Best , which sold seven million copies worldwide. The album is her biggest seller in the UK, where it is certified 8× Platinum with more than two million copies sold. Private Dancer was the beginning of my success in England and basically Europe has been very supportive of my music. ... [I am] not as big as Madonna [in

11232-565: The release of Tommy in 1975, Tina Turner released another solo album: Acid Queen . The album reached No. 39 on the Billboard R&;B chart. It produced the charting singles " Baby, Get It On " and a cover of Led Zeppelin 's " Whole Lotta Love ". By the mid-1970s, Ike was heavily addicted to cocaine , which hindered his relationship with Tina. In 1976, they headlined at the Waldorf Astoria New York and signed

11349-432: The rest of the night and became a featured vocalist with his band. During this period, he taught her the finer points of vocal control and performance. Bullock's first recording was in 1958 under the name Little Ann on the single " Boxtop ". She is credited as a vocalist on the record alongside Ike and fellow Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver. In 1960, Ike Turner wrote " A Fool in Love " for singer Art Lassiter . Bullock

11466-484: The same powers in these areas as city councils or town councils have in their respective incorporated areas. Some states instead put these powers in the hands of townships, which are minor civil divisions of each county and are called "towns" in some states. Differences in state laws regarding the incorporation of communities leads to a great variation in the distribution and nature of unincorporated areas. Unincorporated regions are essentially nonexistent in eight of

11583-529: The single " A Fool in Love " in July 1960. It reached No. 2 on the Hot R&;B Sides chart and No. 27 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Journalist Kurt Loder described the track as "the blackest record to ever creep into the white pop charts since Ray Charles 's gospel-styled ' What'd I Say ' that previous summer". Another single from the duo, " It's Gonna Work Out Fine ", reached No. 14 on the Hot 100 and No. 2 on

11700-655: The single and the following tour helped the album become certified Gold by the RIAA . The Twenty Four Seven Tour was the highest-grossing tour of 2000, grossing over $ 120 million. Her two concerts at Wembley Stadium were recorded by the director David Mallet and released in the DVD One Last Time Live in Concert . At a July 2000 concert in Zurich , Switzerland, Turner announced that she would retire at

11817-578: The single's surprise success, Capitol Records approved a studio album. Turner had two weeks to record her Private Dancer album, which was released in May 1984. It reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 in the United Kingdom. Private Dancer was certified 5× Platinum in the United States, and sold 10 million copies worldwide, becoming her most successful album. Also in May 1984, Capitol issued

11934-537: The singles " Typical Male ", " Two People ", " What You Get Is What You See ", and the Grammy-winning " Back Where You Started ". Prior to the album's release, Turner published her autobiography I, Tina , which became a bestseller. That year, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Her Break Every Rule World Tour , which began in March 1987 in Munich , Germany, was the third highest-grossing tour by

12051-689: The studio, releasing " GoldenEye ", which was written by Bono and the Edge of U2 for the James Bond film GoldenEye . In 1996 Turner released the Wildest Dreams album, accompanied by her " Wildest Dreams Tour ". In September 1999, before celebrating her 60th birthday, Turner released the dance-infused song " When the Heartache Is Over " as the leading single from her tenth and final solo album, Twenty Four Seven . The success of

12168-459: The tape to Juggy Murray , president of R&B label Sue Records . Upon hearing the song, Murray was impressed with Bullock's vocals, later stating that "Tina sounded like screaming dirt. It was a funky sound". Murray bought the track and paid Turner a $ 25,000 advance for the recording and publishing rights. Murray also convinced Turner to make Bullock "the star of the show". Turner responded by renaming Bullock "Tina" because it rhymed with Sheena. He

12285-564: The territory cannot be disincorporated . The United States Minor Outlying Islands without a permanent civilian population are "unorganized" in the sense that they do not have a local government, and they are administered by the Office of Insular Affairs directly. The populated American Samoa is "unorganized" in the sense that Congress has not passed an organic act , but it does have a constitution and locally elected territorial legislature and executive. An unincorporated community may be part of

12402-513: The three sisters were separated when their parents relocated to Knoxville, Tennessee , to work at a defense facility during World War II . Bullock went to stay with her strict, religious paternal grandparents, Alex and Roxanna Bullock, who were deacon and deaconess at the Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church . After the war, the sisters reunited with their parents and moved with them to Knoxville. Two years later,

12519-502: Was eager to produce Tina Turner. Working out a deal with Ike & Tina Turner's manager Bob Krasnow, who was also head of Loma, Spector offered $ 20,000 for creative control over the sessions to produce Turner and have Ike & Tina Turner released from their contract with Loma. They signed to Spector's Philles label in April 1966 after Tina Turner had already recorded with him. Their first single on his label, " River Deep – Mountain High ",

12636-696: Was generally positive. The film was a global success, grossing more than $ 36 million in the United States. Turner later received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress for her role in the film. She recorded two songs for the film, " We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome) " and " One of the Living "; both became hits, with the latter winning her a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance . In July 1985, Turner performed at Live Aid alongside Mick Jagger . Their performance shocked observers when Jagger ripped her skirt off. Turner released

12753-533: Was inspired by Sheena, Queen of the Jungle and Nyoka the Jungle Girl to create her stage persona. Turner added his last name and trademarked the name "Tina Turner" as a form of protection; his idea was that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another "Tina Turner". However, family and friends still called her Ann. Bullock was introduced to the public as Tina Turner with

12870-473: Was not heavily involved in the film, Turner contributed to the soundtrack for What's Love Got to Do with It , re-recording old songs and several new songs. The single " I Don't Wanna Fight " from the soundtrack was a top 10 hit in the US and UK. In 1993 Turner embarked on her What's Love? Tour , which visited primarily North America with a few shows in Australasia and Europe. In 1995, Turner returned to

12987-548: Was raised after opening for the Rolling Stones on their US tour . They gained more exposure from performances on The Ed Sullivan Show , Playboy After Dark , and The Andy Williams Show . The duo released two albums in 1970, Come Together and Workin' Together . Their cover of " I Want to Take You Higher " peaked at No. 34 on the Hot 100, whereas the original by Sly and the Family Stone had peaked at No. 38. The Come Together and Workin' Together albums marked

13104-478: Was raised after several solo appearances on shows such as American Bandstand and Shindig! while the entire revue appeared on Hollywood a Go-Go . In 1965, music producer Phil Spector attended an Ike & Tina Turner show at a club on the Sunset Strip , and he invited them to appear in the concert film The Big T.N.T. Show . Impressed by the duo's performance on The Big T.N.T. Show , Phil Spector

13221-670: Was released in May 1966. Spector considered that record, with Turner's maximum energy over the " Wall of Sound ", to be his best work. It was successful overseas, reaching No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 1 on Los 40 Principales in Spain, but it failed to go any higher than No. 88 on the Billboard Hot 100. The impact of the record gave Ike & Tina Turner an opening spot on the Rolling Stones UK tour in

13338-497: Was taking a leave of absence following her tour and she felt "emotionally unequipped to return to the U.S. and respond to the night of celebration in the manner she would want". Phil Spector accepted the award on their behalf. In 1993, the semi-autobiographical film What's Love Got to Do with It was released. The film starred Angela Bassett as Tina Turner and Laurence Fishburne as Ike Turner; they received Best Actress and Best Actor Oscar nominations for their roles. While she

13455-448: Was the subject of Tina , a jukebox musical . Turner sold more than 100 million records worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling recording artists of all time . She received 12 Grammy Awards , which include eight competitive awards, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and three Grammy Hall of Fame inductions. She was the first black artist and first woman to be on the cover of Rolling Stone . Rolling Stone ranked her among

13572-407: Was the youngest daughter of Floyd Richard Bullock and his wife Zelma Priscilla (née Currie). The family lived in the rural unincorporated community of Nutbush, Tennessee , where Bullock's father worked as an overseer of the sharecroppers at Poindexter Farm on Highway 180 ; she later recalled picking cotton with her family at an early age. Bullock was African American , but she believed she had

13689-488: Was to sing background with Lassiter's backing vocalists, the Artettes. Lassiter failed to show up for the recording session at Technisonic Studios . Since Turner had already paid for the studio time, Bullock suggested that she sing the lead. He decided to use Bullock to record a demo with the intention of erasing her vocals and adding Lassiter's at a later date. Local St. Louis disc jockey Dave Dixon convinced Turner to send

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