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94-787: The Fiat Tipo (codeproject Type 356 , also known as the Fiat Egea (stylized as ÆGEA) in Turkey and Dodge Neon in Mexico and the Middle East) is a compact car . A three-box sedan version was unveiled at the 2015 Istanbul Motor Show in May 2015, and commenced sales in Turkey in October 2015. In 2016, it was followed by a hatchback and a station wagon version, for the European market. The Tipo

188-507: A catalytic converter ) or an all-new 1108 cc FIRE unit, fitted with electronic fuel injection and a three-way catalytic converter and producing 51 bhp (38 kW). The new CLX trim also featured a five-speed gearbox as standard. The range now comprised the 750 Young (769 cc ohv), 750 and 750 CLX (both 769 cc FIRE sohc), 900 Dance (903 cc ohv), 1000 Shopping, CLX, CL Selecta and S (all with 999 cc sohc, available with or without SPI and catalytic converter depending on

282-478: A solid axle suspended on leaf springs . Later versions added mechanical improvements while retaining a robust simplicity throughout its model life. Launch models included the Panda 30 , powered by a longitudinally-mounted air cooled 652 cc straight-two-cylinder engine derived from the 126, and the Panda 45 , with a transversely-mounted water cooled 903 cc ( FIAT 100 series ) four-cylinder from

376-632: A "compact car" target that was larger than what has become known as the "light car" or the kei car . One of the first compact cars that met those requirements was the Toyota Publica with an air-cooled two-cylinder opposed engine, the Datsun 110 series , and the Mitsubishi 500 . The Publica and the Mitsubishi 500 were essentially "kei cars" with engines larger than regulations permitted at

470-602: A McPherson structure with telescopic shock absorbers and rear suspension use a torsion beam and telescopic shock absorbers. The same Small Wide platform is used by many Fiat Chrysler Automobiles group cars such as the Fiat 500L , Fiat 500X , Jeep Renegade , Fiat Toro etc. Production takes place at the Bursa plant in Turkey, which already produced the Fiat Linea, also based on the previous Small platform. The test for Euro NCAP

564-403: A certi scopi». The Panda is like a pair of jeans: a simple, practical article of clothing without pretense. I tried to give it the essential quality of a military design — in particular a helicopter: something light, rational, and optimized for a specific purpose. One of the more noted design features was a highly flexible interior including a seven-position adjustable rear seat that could, via

658-773: A compact sedan produced in Córdoba, Argentina . As of November 2020, the Tipo is no longer available in Argentina. The Fiat Tipo design was created by the Centro Stile Fiat located in the Officina 83 of the Fiat Mirafiori Plant. The style team was led by Alberto Dilillo and Roberto Giolito . Compared to the previous Linea and Bravo, the Tipo is designed first in the three-volume sedan form independent from

752-573: A conventional floor-mounted gearstick. Financially troubled Fiat needed the new Panda to be a success, and it sold half a million units by October 2005. It sells particularly well in Italy (over half of the cars produced are sold in Italy), being seen as closer to a spiritual successor to the Fiat 500 than a replacement for either the Seicento or the old Panda. Top Gear Motoring Survey in 2006 ranked

846-413: A different name on the European markets. In October 2015 Alfredo Altavilla announced that the official name of the cars for the European market would be Fiat Tipo, taking the historical name of the Fiat model of the 80s known for its spacious interior and low running costs. Fiat and Tofaş have invested a total of 1.5 billion dollars for the development and production of the Tipo. In November 2015 sales of

940-429: A five-seat passenger compartment with a 520-litre trunk. The hatchback has the same wheelbase but the bodywork is 4368 mm long, 1495 mm tall and 1792 mm wide. The trunk has a capacity of 440 litres. The station wagon (estate) is 4571 mm long, 1792 mm wide and 1514 mm tall and has the same wheelbase as the sedan and hatchback versions. The minimum luggage capacity is 550 litres. The interior of

1034-518: A higher trim level which explains why some cars have rear wash wipe, later interiors with tipping front seats, and the option of a full canvas sunroof. The Fiat Style Centre and Carrozerria Maggiora also commissioned 40 convertible "service cars" for the Cup. The Agnelli family and Juventus gave one of these to each of the players who took part in the Nazionale , with the player's name on the side. Twelve of

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1128-480: A large car by contemporary European standards. The term "compact" was coined by a Nash executive as a euphemism for small cars with a wheelbase of 110 inches (2,794 mm) or less. It established a new market segment and the U.S. automobile industry soon adopted the "compact" term. Several competitors to the Nash Rambler arose from the ranks of America's other independent automakers, although none enjoyed

1222-525: A license plate number beginning with "5". In the past, the small size category has received tax benefits stipulated by the Japanese government regulations , such as those in the 1951 Road Vehicle Act . In 1955, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry set forth a goal to all Japanese makers at that time to create what was called a "national car". The concept stipulated that

1316-428: A long, flexible storage pocket — accompanied by rigid plastic door storage pockets. A simple ashtray could slide along the support tube or be detached completely. Cargo volume could accommodate 280 litres within the trunk area or could expand to 1000 litres with the rear seat removed — in either case unencumbered by the spare wheel, which was stored in the engine compartment. Exposed painted sheet metal comprised much of

1410-457: A manufacturer for the highly simplified glass. The engine bay was designed to accept either a transverse or longitudinal engine configuration: in practice, the simple sheet metal, body-colored, asymmetrical grille (derived during the design process by folding a piece of paper) was positioned either with its intake on the left for the air-cooled Panda 30 and on the right for the water-cooled Panda 45. The bodyside panels were continuously welded to

1504-476: A nearly flat floor and a sufficiently high roof to accommodate upright seating. Giugiaro and Mantovani completed the design for its 7 August deadline, discovering only then that De Benedetti had left Fiat. Despite De Benedetti's departure, Italdesign presented Fiat with two full-scale models, four alternative side designs, an interior buck or mockup and a comprehensive study of the Panda's competition — as well as

1598-504: A potential market size of 275,000 cars. By 1955, the Nash Rambler that began as a convertible model became a success and was now available in station wagon , hardtop , and sedan body styles. During the Recession of 1958 , the only exception to the sales decline was American Motors with its compact, economy-oriented Ramblers that saw high demand among cautious consumers. By 1959, sales of small imported cars also increased to 14% of

1692-598: A push toward compact cars, resulting in the introduction of the Studebaker Lark , Chevrolet Corvair , Ford Falcon , and Plymouth Valiant . These models also gave rise to compact vans built on the compact car platforms, such as the Studebaker Zip Van, Chevrolet Corvair Greenbrier , Ford Econoline , and Dodge A100 . During the 1960s, compacts were the smallest class of North American cars, but they had evolved into only slightly smaller versions of

1786-403: A series of adjustable lateral tubes, fold flat into a provisional bed, fold into a V shape to support awkward loads, or easily and quickly be removed altogether to increase the overall load space. Foregoing sprung upholstery, simple padded fabric seat covers, and fabric door trim could be removed and washed. Likewise, the dashboard used a padded, washable fabric supported by a simple tube, creating

1880-557: A series of tempera renderings by Giugiaro. Under the prototyping designation Progetto 141, Fiat subsequently commissioned Italdesign to create production studies, a master model, provisional tooling and pre-production prototypes. Within a year, Italdesign had made 20 rolling chassis. In February 1978, Fiat test-marketed prototypes to potential customers and dealers — at an unpublicized event in Milan's Novegro Park. On response cards distributed by FIAT's sales department, participants gauged

1974-411: A significant leap forward for Fiat, improving the efficiency and dynamics of the vehicle and allowing it to travel even with the thermal engine switched off. The petrol engine, in fact, thanks to the electric one, can remain inactive up to 47% of the time. For this reason, the new 130 bhp 1.5-liter GSE T4 e-motor has been defined by experts in the field of automotive (not a mild-hybrid, introduced on

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2068-506: A single dashboard for all trim levels, the same as the LHD models in the basic version with the upper dashboard connected to the instrumentation and which integrates the various 5-inch and 7-inch Uconnect infotainment systems. The base chassis is the front-wheel drive Small Wide modular platform with a long wheelbase, an enlarged and extended version of the Small platform. The front suspension use

2162-555: A spacious and spartan interior, weighing and costing no more than the Fiat 126 it was replacing — and having a similar design approach as the Citroën 2CV or Renault 4 . Notably, in the late 1950s, the head of Renault, Pierre Dreyfus , had called for the Renault R4 to have an egalitarian approach, like blue jeans, "which people can wear in any situation if you do away with the pretension of snobbism and social conformity." During

2256-524: A specially built SEAT Panda. After Fiat sold their share in SEAT and the licence agreement ended, the whole Fiat-based line of SEAT cars was quickly given minor facelifts. The SEAT Panda had its bonnet, bumpers, and rear tailgate redesigned. From 1986, when it received a second facelift, it was known as the SEAT Marbella until the end of production in 1998. Emelba also produced a roofless version called

2350-719: A variation of the first generation Panda under license to Fiat, initially as the Panda and subsequently as the Marbella (1986–1998). The second-generation Panda, launched in 2003 as a 5-door hatchback, was designed by Giuliano Biasio of Bertone , and won the European Car of the Year in 2004. The third-generation Panda debuted at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2011, was designed at Fiat Centro Stilo under

2444-464: A version of the Panda between 1980 and 1986, based on the first Panda model. It was called SEAT Panda . SEAT also made a tiny, tall delivery version of the Panda called the SEAT Trans. Up to 1983, SEAT made rebadged versions of Fiat cars through a licence agreement between the two firms. Thus, there existed a Spanish version of the Panda. When Pope John Paul II visited Spain in 1982, he rode in

2538-530: Is a registration category that sits between kei cars and regular cars, based on overall size and engine displacement limits. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year (dated July 1996) includes definitions for classes of automobiles. Based on the combined passenger and cargo volume, compact cars are defined as having an interior volume index of 100–109 cu ft (2.8–3.1 m ). The beginnings of U.S. production of compact cars were

2632-924: Is assembled at the Tofaş plant in Bursa , Turkey, by the Italian automaker Fiat and is built on the Fiat Small Wide LWB platform. It replaced the Bravo and Linea in the C-segment range. The Tipo was designed by Centro Stile Fiat in Mirafiori, Turin . In December 2015, the car won the 2016 Best Buy Car of Europe Award, from the Autobest jury made up of Europe's twenty-six leading journalists, from twenty-six different European countries. In February 2019,

2726-671: The Chrysler Group in the nineties and two-thousands, a model that was very successful in Mexico. The Mexican market only receives the three-volume saloon variant. From 2017 the Tipo is sold as a Dodge Neon in the Middle East as well. In South America, the Tipo sedan is sold under the Fiat brand only in Argentina and Chile, as the South American branch of the Italian brand already offers the slightly more compact Fiat Cronos ,

2820-614: The Global Small Engine (FireFly) family produced by FCA Poland Powertrain in Bielsko-Biała in only one version: 1.0 L Turbo 3-cylinder 120 hp with direct injection, Multiair system and GPF filter, the 1.0 L is available with a 5-speed manual transmission and front-wheel drive, this new motor is for the models Jeep Renegade , Fiat 500 and Fiat Tipo (2015). In March 2022, the new 1.5-liter GSE (Global Small Engine) T4, four-cylinder, 130 HP and 240 Nm of torque, also from

2914-516: The Jeep Renegade and Compass models), also allows an 11% reduction in CO 2 compared to the previous version, with declared consumption, for the new Fiat Tipo hybrid, of just 4.7 l/ 100 km. In November 2022, the 1 million Tipo was produced at Bursa plant. The development of the Tipo family began in 2014 when Fiat announced the Ægea project (Type 356). Specifically, the Italian manufacturer

Fiat Tipo (2015) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3008-484: The Panda name, but acquiesced when Fiat made a substantial financial contribution. As local custom allowed the writing of a check on any surface, Fiat delivered the contribution, written on the hood of an actual Panda. In the two months following the Geneva Motor Show, Fiat received over 70,000 orders. Following the brief of creating a straightforward, practical design in the vein of the Citroën 2CV and

3102-575: The Paris Motor Show later in 1982, with previous specification models continuing as the "Comfort" trim. The Super offered an optional five-speed gearbox. Minor styling changes to the Super included Fiat's revised corporate grille with five diagonal silver bars. The earlier grille design (metal with slots on the left for ventilation) continued on the Comfort models until the next major revision of

3196-687: The Renault 4 , Italdesign's work highlighted utilitarian practicality throughout the design. Just prior to the Panda's debut at the 1980 Geneva Salon de l'Auto, Giugiaro described his design intent in a 1980 interview with Turinese newspaper La Stampa , published in February 1980: «La Panda (...) è come un paio di jeans, che sono poi un vestire semplice, pratico, senza fronzoli. (...) Ho cercato di portare in questa auto lo spìrito delle costruzioni militari, in particolare degli elicotteri, ossia di mezzi leggeri, razionali, nati per assolvere nel modo migliore

3290-519: The pony car , named after the Ford Mustang , which was built on the Falcon chassis. At that time, there was a distinct difference in size between compact and full-size models. Early definitions of vehicle size class were based on wheelbase, with models under 111 inches as compact, 111 to 118 inches intermediate, and over 118 inches as full size, at least until EPA classes based on interior volume of

3384-547: The Ægea family had been built according to the Fiat " Rational " range (including Panda , Punto , Fiorino and Doblò ) vehicles characterized by functional solution, low running costs, spacious interior and low price list. The first version to be presented was the three-volume saloon at the Istanbul Motor Show in May 2015; called Fiat Egea, the car went into production in November of the same year, replacing

3478-405: The "CIAO" logo on the rear quarter panels), a custom interior fabric (Azzurri blue fabric with "CIAO" logos stitched on the back panels - the Italian football team wears blue), a tricolour shield motif on the grille and perhaps the most well known feature - the football hubcaps. Some European markets got solid white hubcaps instead. In Italy and Germany buyers were able to choose an Italia'90 based on

3572-507: The 'Cafe' special edition. This was a reduced capacity 903 cc unit, designed to meet tax requirements in some markets. Non-catalyzed versions were withdrawn about this time. In January 2001, the range underwent its final light adjustment. The 4x4 Trekking continued to be available, while front-wheel-drive versions were down to the Young and the Hobby. The 899 cc was discontinued and only

3666-506: The 1.4 Fire 16V petrol delivering 95 hp, the 1.6 E.torQ 16V with 110 hp, the 1.3 Multijet II 16V diesel with 95 hp and 1.6 Multijet II diesel with 120 hp. In 2017 the Tipo range is enlarged with the entry of the Van station wagon variant available in the countries of southern Europe with a two-seat cabin. Also in 2017, dual-fuel variants (called EasyPower ) are introduced powered by petrol and LPG. In addition to

3760-465: The 127. As a consequence of the different drivetrain layout the 45 had the radiator grille to the right side, the 30 to the left. In September 1982 Fiat added another engine to the line-up: the Panda 34 used an 843 cc water-cooled unit, derived from that in the 850 . It was originally reserved for export to France, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. Fiat launched the Panda 45 Super at

3854-809: The 1980s that American cars were being downsized to truly international dimensions. In the 1985 model year, compact cars classified by the EPA included Ford's Escort and Tempo as well as the Chevrolet Cavalier. For the 2019 model year, the best sellers were the Toyota Corolla and Honda Civic. In Japan, vehicles that are larger than kei cars , but with dimensions smaller than 4,700 mm (185.0 in) long, 1,700 mm (66.9 in) wide, 2,000 mm (78.7 in) high and with engines at or under 2,000 cc (120 cu in) are classified as "small size" cars. Small-size cars are identified by

Fiat Tipo (2015) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3948-412: The 500,000th Fiat Tipo was produced at the Bursa plant, in Turkey. At the end of October 2020 (28th), a total of 670,000 units of Fiat Tipo had been produced and distributed in over 40 Countries around the world. In 2021, Fiat introduced a facelift to the Tipo with a new motor, new levels of security, technology and a new Cross version. The new change of this facelift introduced the new gasoline engines of

4042-571: The 6-cylinder or V8-powered six-passenger sedan. They were much larger than compacts (and sometimes even mid-sizers) by European manufacturers, which were typically five-passenger four-cylinder engine cars. Nevertheless, advertising and road tests for the Ford Maverick and the Rambler American made comparisons with the popular Volkswagen Beetle . Compact cars were also the basis for a new small car segment that became known as

4136-657: The Euro ;3 capable, fuel-injected 1108 cc FIRE unit remained available. These Pandas featured a body-coloured flap for the gas tank, rather than the exposed black plastic cap of earlier models. The Panda was discontinued in the UK in 1995. The car remained in production in Italy until the final car was produced on 5 September 2003. Its total production run of 23 years makes the Fiat Panda one of Europe's longest-produced small cars. Spanish car maker SEAT also produced

4230-568: The European market, the Tipo is also sold in 2016 in Africa in hatchback and sedan version. Originally the Tipo had been developed to be sold in 40 world markets. In 2016 FCA decided to also sell it in Mexico, albeit under the Dodge Neon name, as the Dodge brand has a much larger sales network in Mexico than Fiat does. Moreover, the name Neon takes the name of the homonymous Dodge model produced by

4324-489: The Fiat Panda and Fiat 500 only, but) a mini Full-hybrid or Middle-hybrid, (i.e. a via between a full-hybrid and a mild-hybrid), according to the hybrid cars of other brands such as Toyota, which was the first to introduce this technology in the automotive market. This new advanced hybrid engine, developed by the engineers of the FCA Group (also introduced on the new Alfa Romeo Tonale , on the Fiat 500X hybrid, as well as on

4418-580: The Fiat Tipo sedan started in Italy, Spain and France. The 5-door hatchback and station wagon versions were presented at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. In 2016 the Tipo is officially on sale in all three of its variants throughout Europe, to the exception of the United Kingdom where the sedan is not imported due to the low demand for this type of vehicle. At the debut the engine range consisted of

4512-729: The FireFly family, is introduced in Italy, Europe, Turkey and in the United Arab Emirates (like the previous 1.0 T3), Turbo petrol but with hybrid technology, combined with a 48V electric motor that integrates a small additional 15 kW unit, the latter installed in the new seven-speed dual-clutch DCT automatic transmission, capable of allowing a more silent start (100% electric) and to use the car in fully electric mode (e-launch), in parking maneuvers or in small forward movements at walking pace (e-queuing), such as when in queue in city traffic. This advanced hybrid technology represents

4606-669: The Honda City, Toyota Yaris, Toyota Corolla Altis 1.6, and the Changan Alsvin. Fiat Panda The Fiat Panda is a city car manufactured and marketed by Fiat since 1980, currently in its third generation. The first generation Panda, introduced in 1980 as the Mk1, was a two-box , three-door hatchback designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and Aldo Mantovani of Italdesign and was manufactured through 2003 — receiving an all-wheel drive variant in 1983. SEAT of Spain marketed

4700-498: The Italian Compasso d'Oro ADI industrial design award for the Panda. A less positive reaction to the design came from German magazine Der Spiegel , which in 1980 contrasted Giugiaro defining the Panda as "the most enchanting work of his life", and chief designer Felice Cornacchia describing himself as "proud overall of the car's architecture" to Peter Glodschey, road tester of mass-market Bild newspaper, who likened

4794-609: The Linea in the Fiat range of products in Turkey. The name Egea is used only on the Turkish market because the term is very well known among the Turkish population as it identifies both the Aegean Sea that bathes the coasts of Turkey and the ancient medieval town of Yumurtalık . Production started in October of the same year for the Turkish market. Later the hatchback 5 door and station wagon versions were announced for spring 2016 with

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4888-425: The Pandita, which was popular as a rental car in resort areas. The SEAT Trans also received a major facelift and was renamed, SEAT Terra. As Fiat and SEAT's licensing agreement had expired in 1986 the Marbella never received the major mechanical upgrades of the facelifted Fiat Panda, instead continuing with the old pushrod Fiat-based engines, quarter light doors, un-galvanised frame, and leaf-sprung suspension as for

4982-409: The Termini Imerese Autobianchi di Desio plants. On 26 February 1980 Fiat presented production models to President Sandro Pertini , in the gardens of Rome's Quirinal Palace , and the car officially debuted in Geneva on 5 March — carrying the name Panda , after Empanda , the Roman goddess and patroness of travelers. At the time of its introduction, the World Wildlife Fund had resisted Fiat's using

5076-455: The Tipo has two different dashboards depending on the trim level. The base models have the upper part that integrates the radio or the Uconnect 5-inch infotainment system connected to the instrumentation, while the top models have the upper part with the tablet -style 7-inch Uconnect HD infotainment system. The lower part of the dashboard is identical for all versions and is inherited from the Fiat Punto (199) . The right-hand drive models have

5170-426: The U.S. passenger car market, as consumers turned to compact cars. By this time, smaller cars appealed to people with a college education and a higher income whose families were buying more than one car. Customers expected compact cars to provide improved fuel economy compared to full-sized cars while maintaining headroom, legroom, and plenty of trunk space. Between 1958 and 1960, the major U.S. car manufacturers made

5264-545: The beginning of a downsizing of all vehicles so that cars such as the AMC Concord and the Ford Fairmont that replaced the compacts were re-classified as mid-size, while cars inheriting the size of the Ford Pinto and Chevrolet Vega (such as the Ford Escort and Chevrolet Cavalier ) became classified as compact cars. Even after the reclassification, mid-size American cars were still far larger than mid-size cars from other countries and were more similar in size to cars classified as "large cars" in Europe. It would not be until

5358-402: The car to "a shoe box". In several key markets the Panda's styling would continue to attract mixed reactions as the Uno followed in 1983 and the aggressively boxy look became the house style for Fiats throughout the 1980s. The second generation Panda, codenamed Model 169 , debuted in 2003, with almost no direct engineering linkage to the first generation. Until July 31, 2003, the vehicle name

5452-436: The design gestation, Giugiaro took particular inspiration from a folding lounge chair in conceiving the seats of the Zero; simple, easy to maintain, modular, inexpensive to manufacture. To ensure its practicality, he conceived that the Panda's cargo area should accommodate no less than two 50-liter wine demijohns , along with a full complement of passengers. From its inception, the project would use monocoque construction with

5546-448: The design's exterior and interior appearance and finish, spaciousness, instruments and controls, engine size, price, and its provisional name: Rustica . In January 1979, production was delayed by protracted union negotiations, specifically over Fiat's plans to move production from plants in Cassino, Sulmona and Termini Imerese to Turin and Desio. An agreement was reached between December 1979 and January 1980, with production scheduled for

5640-466: The direction of Roberto Giolito and remains in production in Italy at Pomigliano d'Arco . The fourth-generation Panda is marketed as Grande Panda, to differentiate it with the third-generation that is sold alongside it. Developed under Stellantis , the Grande Panda is produced in Serbia. In 40 years, Panda production has reached over 7.8 million, of those, approximately 4.5 million were the first generation. In   early 2020, its 23-year production

5734-432: The first time Fiat had entrusted the development of a large-scale model to a firm outside the company, Giugiaro and Mantovani spent 15 days in the summer of 1976 in Porto Cervo , Sardinia designing the Panda — using the working name Zero . Giugiaro developed the packaging and styling; Mantovani conceived the car's technical approach. Fiat CEO Carlo De Benedetti 's design brief specified a straightforward 'container' with

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5828-413: The front fender/wing wheel arches. Front door quarter windows were eliminated. The range included 750L, 750CL, 750S, 1000CL, 1000S, 4x4 models. April 1986 saw the introduction of a 1301 cc diesel engine with 37 PS (27 kW). This was a detuned version of the Brazilian engine also used in the 127/Uno. Fitted as standard with a five-speed gearbox it was only available in the basic "L" trim and

5922-403: The interior's exposed surfaces. The interior rear-view mirror had no day/night adjustment, and fresh air ventilation was oriented solely for demisting the windshield. The instrument cluster did contain an upper heating vent. Without fresh air venting to the interior via dash outlets, side windows featured vent windows and optional pop-out rear windows. Luigi Maglione, Fiat's marketing strategist,

6016-401: The late 1940s prototypes of economy cars, including the Chevrolet Cadet and the Ford Light Car. Neither car reached production in the U.S., however Ford SAF in France bought the plans of the "small Ford" and produced the Ford Vedette . The first U.S.-produced postwar compact car was the 1950 Nash Rambler . It was built on a 100-inch (2,540 mm) wheelbase, which was nonetheless still

6110-419: The line-up. A 30 Super was added in February 1983, offering the Super trim combined with the smaller engine. The Panda 4x4 was launched in June 1983, powered by a 965 cc engine with 48 bhp (36 kW) derived from the Autobianchi A112 or Fiat 100 series engine . Known simply as the Panda 4x4, this model was the first small, transverse-engined production car to have a 4WD system. The system itself

6204-408: The long-term success of the Rambler. Other early compact cars included the Kaiser-Frazer Henry J (also re-badged as the Allstate ), the Willys Aero and the Hudson Jet . In 1954, 64,500 cars sold in the U.S. were imports or small American cars, out of a total market of five million cars. Market research indicated that five percent of those surveyed said they would consider a small car, suggesting

6298-411: The lowest portion of the side panels complemented resin, dent-resistant bumpers. In 2019, an example of the Panda 30 belonging to the FCA Heritage collection was exhibited at the Triennale di Milano . Mechanically the first Pandas shared engines and transmissions with the Fiat 127 and, in certain territories, the air-cooled 652 cc two-cylinder powerplant of the Fiat 126 . Rear suspension used

6392-420: The market), 1100 CL Selecta (1108 cc sohc with SPI and cat) and the 4x4 Trekking (999 cc, again available with and without a cat depending on the market). The Elettra concluded the range. In 1992, the 1108 cc engine, complete with SPI and catalytic converter, replaced the 999 cc unit in the 4x4 (with 50 bhp) and also in 1992 an 899 cc (with injection and catalyst) became available, in

6486-494: The open-topped cars were driven onto the pitch at the start of each match in each of the stadiums hosting the matches. The two-seat Panda Elettra, introduced in early 1990, added an all-electric power-train to the line. Batteries replaced the rear seats and occupied some of the engine bay where the 19 bhp (14 kW) DC motor was also fitted, driving through the normal clutch and gearbox — with weight increased to 1,150 kg (2,535 lb) (450 kg (992 lb) over than

6580-503: The original model. It was popular in Spain throughout its production life but was less popular on export markets (where the Fiat version was the firm favourite) and by 1996, exports had mostly finished. The first generation Panda met with great success across Europe, polling 2nd in the 1981 European Car of the Year awards in its first full year of production (pipped to first place by the Ford Escort Mark III ) and remaining on sale in some regions until May 2003. In 1981 Giugiaro received

6674-514: The passenger and cargo compartments were introduced in the late 1970s. In the early 1970s, the domestic automakers introduced even smaller subcompact cars that included the AMC Gremlin , Chevrolet Vega , and Ford Pinto . In 1973, the Energy Crisis started, which made small fuel-efficient cars more desirable, and the North American driver began exchanging their large cars for the smaller, imported compacts that cost less to fill up and were inexpensive to maintain. The 1977 model year marked

6768-471: The production of only 500, in 1989 the Sisley model became a permanent model. FIAT was a major sponsor of the 1990 World Cup and the special edition "Italia 90" was sold in multiple European markets during the spring and summer of 1990. In the UK it was based on a standard white 750 cc Panda L, and included unique graphics (a green and red pin stripe creating the tricolour of the Italian flag  and

6862-499: The remaining two versions so as to create a more harmonious and elegant body. Alberto Dilillo declares that the inspiration of the designers for the front comes directly from the Maserati models with the headlights connected to the grille and the air intakes with three-dimensional chrome elements. The front has a lower shape and developed horizontally, while the previous Linea and Bravo had a much more inclined snout and connected with

6956-489: The rigid axle with leaf springs being replaced by a more modern dependent suspension system known as the "Omega axle", consisting of a non-straight rigid axle with a central mounting and coil springs (first seen on the Lancia Y10 , which used the same platform). The 4x4 retained the leaf-sprung live axle set-up. The body was strengthened and fully-galvanised on later models, rear quarter panels received wheel arches mirroring

7050-439: The roof panel and covered with a full-length black moulding — eliminating an expensive sheet metal fold, self-forming a rain gutter, and improving aerodynamics. Owing to the car's flat sides, the lower section of the doors were corrugated to give them additional strength and to resist "drumming". Much like earlier French counterparts, the Panda could be specified with a two-piece roll forward canvas roof. A scratch-resistant paint on

7144-408: The second generation Fiat Multipla . The Panda won the European Car of the Year award in 2004. The Panda includes an option for split rear seats, which makes the Panda a four-seater. Since September 2005, all Pandas are equipped with ABS , EBD and at least one front airbag. The gear-lever is located high on the central dashboard, which is designed to make changing gears more comfortable than with

7238-479: The standard model, necessitating stiffer suspension and uprated brakes. Range was limited, at 100 km (60 mi) at a steady 50 km/h (31 mph). In city driving, the range dropped to 70 km (43 mi). Top speed was a mere 65 km/h (40 mph). A full charge took 8 hours using a standard household outlet. 1992 revisions to the Elettra saw the power increased to 24 PS (18 kW) and

7332-842: The time, while the Datsun was an all-new vehicle. These vehicles were followed by the Hino Contessa in 1961, the Isuzu Bellett , Daihatsu Compagno and Mazda Familia in 1963, the Mitsubishi Colt in 1965, and the Nissan Sunny , Subaru 1000 , and Toyota Corolla in 1966. Honda introduced its first four-door sedan in 1969, called the Honda 1300 . In North America, these cars were classified as subcompact cars . By 1970, Nissan released its first front-wheel-drive car which

7426-399: The vehicle be able to maintain a maximum speed over 100 km/h (62 mph), weigh below 400 kg (882 lbs), fuel consumption at 30 km/L (85 mpg ‑imp ; 71 mpg ‑US ) or more, at an average speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) on a level road, and not require maintenance or significant service for at least 100,000 km (62,000 mi). This established

7520-404: The weight reduced, though the Elettra remained significantly heavier than the standard Panda. This, limited range and speed, and the steep price (25.600.000 lire in Italy, three times the price of the Panda 750 Young) made it a commercial failure. Nickel–cadmium batteries would have made the car lighter and improved performance and range, but would have increased the price even more. The Elettra

7614-400: The windshield. In the rear, the trunk lid has a shape that simulates a spoiler. The hatchback and station wagon versions have the same front, the hatchback also inherits the same side of the four-door sedan including the doors, the station wagon instead has specific rear doors. The Fiat Tipo sedan is 4532 mm long, 1497 mm tall and 1792 mm wide with a wheelbase of 2638 mm and

7708-477: Was added to the range. This was essentially an L spec car with a 769 cc OHV engine based on the old 903 cc push-rod FIAT 100 engine and producing the same 34 bhp (25 kW) as the more sophisticated 769 cc FIRE unit. The Panda 4x4 Sisley limited edition was also released, based on the standard 4x4, with metallic paint, inclinometer, white painted wheels, roof rack, headlamp washers, bonnet scoop, "Sisley" badging and trim. Although originally limited to

7802-450: Was available until 1989 (until 1994 in the van versions). A van variant of the Panda was introduced, with both petrol and diesel engines. The van eliminated rear seats and featured rear windows replaced with plastic blanking panels and a small, black, steel extension with side hinged doors —in lieu of a hatch tailgate. Neither the van nor the diesel was available in right-hand-drive markets. In 1987, an entry-level model badged "Panda Young"

7896-715: Was building a family of C-segment cars to be marketed in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) to replace both the old Fiat Bravo hatchback and the Linea sedan. The production site chosen was the Turkish Bursa plant (owned by Fiat and Tofaş), which already produced the previous Linea. Alfredo Altavilla, at the time director of the EMEA area of the FCA Italy group, and Olivier François, director of Fiat brand, declared that

7990-487: Was changed for 2016, so that every car would be tested with standard equipment and additionally with "safety pack" if safety equipment is considered as optional extra. The Tipo had only three stars in the Euro NCAP test with standard equipment, and four stars with speed limiter and brake assistance. The Egea is the best-selling car in Turkey from 2016 to 2023. Compact car In Japan, small size passenger vehicle

8084-467: Was counted as the twenty-ninth most long-lived single generation car in history by Autocar . During its initial design phase, Italdesign referred to the car as il Zero . Fiat later proposed the name Rustica . Ultimately, the Panda was named after Empanda , the Roman goddess and patroness of travelers. Introduced at the March 1980 Geneva Motor Show , the Panda was internally designated as Type 141 and

8178-471: Was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and Aldo Mantovani of the newly formed Italdesign . From its inception, the Panda was designed as an inexpensive, easily maintained, utilitarian, and robustly simple car. Introduced to the press in December 1979; the first generation went on sale in Italy in late February, ahead of its Geneva première. Fiat launched right-hand drive models for the UK market in May 1981. As

8272-417: Was discontinued in 1998. 1991, revisions included a front grille with a smaller five-bar corporate badge, as well as revisions to trim and specifications across the range. New arrivals included the 'Selecta', which had a continuously variable transmission with an electromagnetic clutch. This transmission was available either with the normal 999 cc FIRE engine (revised with single-point fuel injection and

8366-400: Was fitted to the reinforced bodyshell. In November 1984 trim levels were named "L", "CL", and "S". Specifications and detailing were modified across the range, using the Fiat corporate grille on all trims. Mechanically the range remained largely unchanged. In January 1986, the Panda received visual and mechanical revisions — with many parts incompatible between the models. The facelift version

8460-409: Was internally designated 141A . The 652 cc air-cooled two-cylinder engine was replaced by a 769 cc (34 PS) water-cooled four-cylinder unit, and the 903/965cc by a 999 cc (45 PS, 50 PS (37 kW) in the 4x4) unit. Both new engines were from Fiat's new FIRE family of four-cylinder water-cooled powerplants with a single overhead camshaft. The rear suspension was also upgraded,

8554-399: Was manually selectable, with an ultra-low first gear. Under normal (on-road) conditions starting was from second, with the fifth gear having the same ratio as fourth in the normal Panda. Austrian company Steyr-Puch supplied the entire drivetrain (clutch, gearbox, power take-off, three-piece prop shaft, rear live axle including differential and brakes) to the plant at Termini Imerese where it

8648-636: Was meant to be Fiat Gingo . After a request from Renault because Gingo sounded too similar to the name of its own small car, the Twingo , Fiat eventually changed the name of its city car. In 2004, the new Panda was awarded the Compasso d'Oro industrial design award. Like the smaller Fiat Seicento , the Panda was manufactured only in Tychy , Poland, by Fiat Auto Poland . The high-bodied Panda takes styling cues from mini MPVs and mini SUVs , especially

8742-615: Was originally developed by Prince Motor Company which had merged with Nissan in 1966. This was introduced in 1970 as the Nissan Cherry . In 1972, the Honda Civic appeared with the CVCC engine that was able to meet California emission standards without the use of a catalytic converter . In Pakistan, the concept of compact cars is significant. The most common cars tend to be Kei cars . Popular compact cars in recent times are

8836-609: Was perplexed when first seeing the interior design, suggesting the interior mock-up was missing. Fiat's new CEO, Nicola Tufarelli clarified that the rustic interiors were in fact the final design, ready for launch. With an overall aerodynamic coefficient lower than the Fiat 127 's, in spite of the blocky shape, the first Pandas featured a recess in the adjacent bodywork rather than door handles. It has completely flat glass in all windows — weighing less and making them inexpensive to manufacture, as well as easy to replace and interchangeable left to right. Fiat, in fact, had difficulty finding

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