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42-688: The Trumpchi Empow (影豹, literally: Shadow Leopard) is a compact sedan produced by GAC Group under the Trumpchi brand in China and the GAC Motor brand globally. It was intended to be a sports sedan to differentiate from the GA4 compact sedan. The Trumpchi Empow was first previewed in 2020 at the 2020 Guangzhou Auto Show in semi-concept form as the EMPOW55 Concept. The production Trumpchi Empow

84-632: A "compact car" target that was larger than what has become known as the "light car" or the kei car . One of the first compact cars that met those requirements was the Toyota Publica with an air-cooled two-cylinder opposed engine, the Datsun 110 series , and the Mitsubishi 500 . The Publica and the Mitsubishi 500 were essentially "kei cars" with engines larger than regulations permitted at

126-502: A 161 cu in (2.6 L) L-head six-cylinder engine producing 80 hp (60 kW; 81 PS). The engines were supplied by Willys-Overland ; the four-cylinder engine was the same engine used in the CJ-3A series Jeeps , with only slight modifications to component parts; the block and internal components were interchangeable with the CJ-3A engine. The Henry J production provided

168-507: A 7-speed dual clutch transmission. The Empow is front-wheel drive only and acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) takes 7 seconds. Sales commenced in 2021 and prices for Trumpchi Empow 270T in China ranges from 98,800 to 128,800 yuan at launch. The Empow R 400T, is equipped with a 2.0-litre turbocharged engine producing 195 kW (261 hp; 265 PS) and 400 N⋅m (40.8 kg⋅m; 295 lb⋅ft) of torque, mated to an 8-speed Aisin automatic gearbox. The Empow R 400T

210-546: A design developed by American Metal Products, "a supplier of frames and springs for car seats." In an attempt to improve the appearance of the car, Darrin contributed a "dip" to the beltline, windshield, and rear window as well as adding little tailfins. To accomplish the low price objective, the Henry J was designed to carry the fewest possible components, and built from the fewest parts. To save body stamping costs, early Henry Js did not have rear trunk lids; owners had to access

252-466: A devastating impact on small domestic automakers. Concurrently, sales of Nash 's compact Rambler were successful, in part because Nash introduced it in 1950 as a high-value convertible -only model and marketed the small car with numerous standard features to avoid consumers seeing it as inferior or substandard. By 1953, it was reviewed in Kiplinger's Personal Finance as "well-equipped and stylish,

294-419: A full-width grille while the taillamps were incorporated into the rear fender fins. The 1953 Henry J Corsair had few styling changes and featured the smaller L-head four-cylinder engine. Kaiser's advertising promoted it as "the easiest car on the road to drive, handle, park, service, run, maintain, and of course the easiest to pay for." A padded dash became standard. For 1954, the four-cylinder Corsair price

336-480: A large car by contemporary European standards. The term "compact" was coined by a Nash executive as a euphemism for small cars with a wheelbase of 110 inches (2,794 mm) or less. It established a new market segment and the U.S. automobile industry soon adopted the "compact" term. Several competitors to the Nash Rambler arose from the ranks of America's other independent automakers, although none enjoyed

378-525: A license plate number beginning with "5". In the past, the small size category has received tax benefits stipulated by the Japanese government regulations , such as those in the 1951 Road Vehicle Act . In 1955, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry set forth a goal to all Japanese makers at that time to create what was called a "national car". The concept stipulated that

420-528: A maximum combined output of 175 kW (235 hp; 238 PS). The hybrid version could accelerate from 0 to 60 km/h (0 to 37 mph) in 3.4 seconds. Prices for Trumpchi Empow Hybrid in China ranges from 128,000 to 148,000 yuan at launch. In July 2024, the Empow was announced as the fourth generation Dodge Attitude for the Mexican market. Compact car In Japan, small size passenger vehicle

462-504: A potential market size of 275,000 cars. By 1955, the Nash Rambler that began as a convertible model became a success and was now available in station wagon , hardtop , and sedan body styles. During the Recession of 1958 , the only exception to the sales decline was American Motors with its compact, economy-oriented Ramblers that saw high demand among cautious consumers. By 1959, sales of small imported cars also increased to 14% of

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504-598: A push toward compact cars, resulting in the introduction of the Studebaker Lark , Chevrolet Corvair , Ford Falcon , and Plymouth Valiant . These models also gave rise to compact vans built on the compact car platforms, such as the Studebaker Zip Van, Chevrolet Corvair Greenbrier , Ford Econoline , and Dodge A100 . During the 1960s, compacts were the smallest class of North American cars, but they had evolved into only slightly smaller versions of

546-430: A sales disappointment for Kaiser. Leftover 1951 models were modified with an outside continental tire and an upgraded interior, to be marketed as the 1952 Henry J "Vagabond" versions. Available in either four- or six-cylinder engines, a total of 7,017 were sold. In 1952, Kaiser began selling rebadged Henry Js through Sears , under the nameplate of Allstate . Allstates were nearly identical to Henry Js but they carried

588-458: A substantial revenue source for Willys-Overland. This standard engine could achieve up to 35 mpg ‑US (6.7 L/100 km; 42 mpg ‑imp ) when driven conservatively. Before the Henry J was released to the market the first production models were taken to Arkansas for road testing. Experts computed that driving 100 miles (161 km) on the roughest roads would equal 5,000 miles (8,047 km) of normal driving. While

630-593: A unique grille , hood ornament , hubcaps , identification badges and interior trim, and Allstate-brand tires and batteries . After two years of disappointing sales, Sears dropped the car. The Henry J was also available in Japan from 1951 to 1954, through a licensing deal with East Japan Heavy-Industries, part of the Mitsubishi group. In 1952, the Henry J Corsair (four-cylinder) and Corsair DeLuxe (six-cylinder) models were introduced featuring improved styling and workmanship, as well as higher prices. The front end had

672-551: A variety of other dress-up items. However, advertising for the Henry J still focused on operating costs at a time when the rationing of gasoline by the War Production Board ended and fuel sold for about 27 cents per gallon . The car could achieve 25 mpg ‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg ‑imp ) and in 1953, a Henry J won the Mobil Economy Run . The Henry J proved to be

714-530: Is a registration category that sits between kei cars and regular cars, based on overall size and engine displacement limits. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year (dated July 1996) includes definitions for classes of automobiles. Based on the combined passenger and cargo volume, compact cars are defined as having an interior volume index of 100–109 cu ft (2.8–3.1 m ). The beginnings of U.S. production of compact cars were

756-519: The pony car , named after the Ford Mustang , which was built on the Falcon chassis. At that time, there was a distinct difference in size between compact and full-size models. Early definitions of vehicle size class were based on wheelbase, with models under 111 inches as compact, 111 to 118 inches intermediate, and over 118 inches as full size, at least until EPA classes based on interior volume of

798-809: The 1980s that American cars were being downsized to truly international dimensions. In the 1985 model year, compact cars classified by the EPA included Ford's Escort and Tempo as well as the Chevrolet Cavalier. For the 2019 model year, the best sellers were the Toyota Corolla and Honda Civic. In Japan, vehicles that are larger than kei cars , but with dimensions smaller than 4,700 mm (185.0 in) long, 1,700 mm (66.9 in) wide, 2,000 mm (78.7 in) high and with engines at or under 2,000 cc (120 cu in) are classified as "small size" cars. Small-size cars are identified by

840-571: The 6-cylinder or V8-powered six-passenger sedan. They were much larger than compacts (and sometimes even mid-sizers) by European manufacturers, which were typically five-passenger four-cylinder engine cars. Nevertheless, advertising and road tests for the Ford Maverick and the Rambler American made comparisons with the popular Volkswagen Beetle . Compact cars were also the basis for a new small car segment that became known as

882-419: The Henry J was priced low, a Chevrolet 150 model could be bought for less than $ 200 more, and Chevy included operating rear windows and a trunk lid. The standard Chevrolet, Ford, Plymouth, and other low-priced competitors were also larger cars, offering more interior room. Kaiser-Frazer started offering the deck lid as part of an "Accessory Group" (preferred equipment group) during the 1951 model year, as well as

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924-741: The Honda City, Toyota Yaris, Toyota Corolla Altis 1.6, and the Changan Alsvin. Henry J The Henry J is an American automobile built by the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation and named after its chairman, Henry J. Kaiser . Production of six-cylinder models began in their Willow Run factory in Michigan in July 1950, and four-cylinder production started shortly after Labor Day , 1950. The official public introduction

966-643: The Kaiser Manufacturing Company division of Kaiser-Frazer (the division changed its name at that time to Willys Motors, Incorporated), management decided to discontinue the car at the end of the 1953 model year. Kaiser also leased the Willow Run factory to General Motors (because a fire had destroyed its automatic transmission plant in Livonia) and Kaiser's vehicle assembly was consolidated at Jeep's Toledo Complex . However, production of

1008-426: The U.S. passenger car market, as consumers turned to compact cars. By this time, smaller cars appealed to people with a college education and a higher income whose families were buying more than one car. Customers expected compact cars to provide improved fuel economy compared to full-sized cars while maintaining headroom, legroom, and plenty of trunk space. Between 1958 and 1960, the major U.S. car manufacturers made

1050-497: The attempt became a pioneering American compact car. To finance the project, the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation received a federal government loan in 1949. This financing specified various particulars of the vehicle. Kaiser-Frazer would commit to design a vehicle that in its base form retailed (including federal tax and retail delivery preparation charge) for no more than $ 1,300.00 (US$ 16,463 in 2023 dollars ). It

1092-836: The beginning of a downsizing of all vehicles so that cars such as the AMC Concord and the Ford Fairmont that replaced the compacts were re-classified as mid-size, while cars inheriting the size of the Ford Pinto and Chevrolet Vega (such as the Ford Escort and Chevrolet Cavalier ) became classified as compact cars. Even after the reclassification, mid-size American cars were still far larger than mid-size cars from other countries and were more similar in size to cars classified as "large cars" in Europe. It would not be until

1134-473: The car was marketed. In 1950 it had 1.35% of the market while in 1954 it achieved only 0.02%. While the Henry J was inexpensive for consumers, its manufacturing and labor costs were high. Henry J. Kaiser had hoped to make a profit through volume production; however, the cars' slow sales negated his plan. The automobile market was competitive and challenging the U.S. "Big Three" — General Motors , Ford , and Chrysler — proved difficult as price wars began that had

1176-414: The closest thing to a "basic transportation" car on the road today, and as such, does not appeal to today's car buyers ... In trade-in value, it ranks among the lowest." Kaiser's effort to boost sales in the low-priced market segment by adding a small car to its product offer came at a time when consumers were demanding big cars. With the acquisition of Willys-Overland's vehicle operations in early 1953 by

1218-643: The late 1940s prototypes of economy cars, including the Chevrolet Cadet and the Ford Light Car. Neither car reached production in the U.S., however Ford SAF in France bought the plans of the "small Ford" and produced the Ford Vedette . The first U.S.-produced postwar compact car was the 1950 Nash Rambler . It was built on a 100-inch (2,540 mm) wheelbase, which was nonetheless still

1260-458: The little Rambler is economical and easy to drive" in either convertible, station wagon , or hardtop (no "B-pillar") body styles." On the other hand, the Henry J was a plainly trimmed two-door sedan model; consumers understood the difference between "inexpensive" and "cheap" and they perceived the Henry J in a negative fashion. By September 1953, the Henry J was described in a small car comparison by Kiplinger's Personal Finance as "in trouble ...

1302-705: The long-term success of the Rambler. Other early compact cars included the Kaiser-Frazer Henry J (also re-badged as the Allstate ), the Willys Aero and the Hudson Jet . In 1954, 64,500 cars sold in the U.S. were imports or small American cars, out of a total market of five million cars. Market research indicated that five percent of those surveyed said they would consider a small car, suggesting

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1344-699: The passenger and cargo compartments were introduced in the late 1970s. In the early 1970s, the domestic automakers introduced even smaller subcompact cars that included the AMC Gremlin , Chevrolet Vega , and Ford Pinto . In 1973, the Energy Crisis started, which made small fuel-efficient cars more desirable, and the North American driver began exchanging their large cars for the smaller, imported compacts that cost less to fill up and were inexpensive to maintain. The 1977 model year marked

1386-643: The same 2.0-litre turbocharged powertrain. Also introduced in the 2023 Shanghai Auto Show , this version came equipped with an ABT-designed aerodynamics body kit and ABT branding in interior parts. The sale of this version will start by the end of year 2023. A hybrid version was introduced in late 2022. This version came equipped with a 2.0-litre naturally aspirated Atkinson-cycle engine producing 103 kW (138 hp; 140 PS) and 180 N⋅m (18.4 kg⋅m; 133 lb⋅ft) of torque, mated with an electric motor of 134 kW (180 hp; 182 PS) and 300 N⋅m (30.6 kg⋅m; 221 lb⋅ft) of torque, with

1428-842: The time, while the Datsun was an all-new vehicle. These vehicles were followed by the Hino Contessa in 1961, the Isuzu Bellett , Daihatsu Compagno and Mazda Familia in 1963, the Mitsubishi Colt in 1965, and the Nissan Sunny , Subaru 1000 , and Toyota Corolla in 1966. Honda introduced its first four-door sedan in 1969, called the Honda 1300 . In North America, these cars were classified as subcompact cars . By 1970, Nissan released its first front-wheel-drive car which

1470-449: The trunk by folding down the rear seat. Another cost-saving measure was to offer the car only as a two-door sedan with fixed rear windows. Also lacking in the basic version were glove compartment , armrests , passenger-side inside sun visor and flow-through ventilation. Power for the Henry J was delivered by a 134.2 cu in (2.2 L) four-cylinder 68 hp (51 kW; 69 PS) engine. Later models were available with

1512-399: The vehicle be able to maintain a maximum speed over 100 km/h (62 mph), weigh below 400 kg (882 lbs), fuel consumption at 30 km/L (85 mpg ‑imp ; 71 mpg ‑US ) or more, at an average speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) on a level road, and not require maintenance or significant service for at least 100,000 km (62,000 mi). This established

1554-407: Was introduced in the 2023 Shanghai Auto Show and became available since April 2023. The new 2.0-litre powertrain accelerates the vehicle from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 5.7 seconds. Prices for Trumpchi Empow R 400T in China ranges from 138,000 to 158,000 yuan at launch. The Empow R × ABT, a co-brand version collaborated with ABT that comes with more aggressive styling is powered by

1596-652: Was officially launched during the 2021 Shanghai Auto Show in Shanghai as the successor of the Trumpchi GA4 compact sedan in China, despite the GA4 continuing to be sold alongside and also received a facelift in early 2021. The production Empow sedan is based on GAC's new Global Platform Modular Architecture. The Empow 270T sedan is powered by a 1.5-litre turbo I4 with 125 kW (168 hp; 170 PS) and 270 N⋅m (27.5 kg⋅m; 199 lb⋅ft) of torque mated to

1638-460: Was on September 28, 1950, and the car was marketed until 1954. The Henry J was the idea of Henry J. Kaiser , who sought to increase sales of his Kaiser automotive line by adding a car that could be built inexpensively and thus affordable for the average American in the same vein that Henry Ford produced the Model T . The goal was to attract "less affluent buyers who could only afford a used car" and

1680-615: Was originally developed by Prince Motor Company which had merged with Nissan in 1966. This was introduced in 1970 as the Nissan Cherry . In 1972, the Honda Civic appeared with the CVCC engine that was able to meet California emission standards without the use of a catalytic converter . In Pakistan, the concept of compact cars is significant. The most common cars tend to be Kei cars . Popular compact cars in recent times are

1722-399: Was reduced to $ 1,286 with the six-cylinder Corsair DeLuxe listed for $ 1,437, or $ 124 lower than the previous year. New safety features included padded dashboard and the windshield was mounted so it would pop-out on impact, as well as a "Penny-Minder" carburetor that was claimed to achieve 30 mpg ‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36 mpg ‑imp ). Sales declined each year

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1764-411: Was to seat at least five adults, be capable of going at least 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) for sustained periods of time, and be available for retail sale no later than September 30, 1950. A compact car design proposal was made by Howard "Dutch" Darrin that utilized the already approved future Kaiser, but with a shortened wheelbase. However, Henry J. Kaiser wanted an entirely new car and decided on

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