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48-582: The festival takes place in 20 locations around the city, including outdoor and unconventional places. Since 2007 the festival is also held in Sibiu . It is the year when Sibiu was declared European Capital of Culture . Transilvania IFF's main goal is the promotion of cinematic art by presenting some of the most innovative and spectacular films of the moment that feature both originality and independence of expression, that reflect unusual cinematic language forms or focus on current trends in youth culture. The competition

96-496: A Transylvanian Saxon , was mayor from 2000 to 2014, despite ethnic Germans nowadays making up less than 2% of Sibiu's population. Decisions are approved and discussed by the local government ( Romanian : Consiliu local ) made up of 23 elected councillors. Sibiu is the capital of the Sibiu County . Sibiu is divided into the following districts: Some of them were villages annexed by the city as it grew, others were built as

144-416: A Romanian-language and a German-language section, and presents an average of five shows a week. The Gong Theatre is specialised in puppetry, mime and non-conventional shows for children and teenagers. It also presents shows in both Romanian and German. The State Philharmonic of Sibiu presents weekly classical music concerts, and educational concerts for children and teenagers. The concerts take place in

192-413: A man who is believed to have founded the city, Hermann of Nuremberg . The actual German name of Hermannstadt ("Hermann's city") dates from 1366, while an earlier form, Hermannsdorf ("Hermann's village") was recorded in 1321. An alternative urban legend has it that the town was named after a certain shoemaker by the name Hermann. In the 14th century, it was already an important trade centre. In 1376,

240-509: A philharmonic orchestra along with other smaller private theatrical venues and a theatre studio housed by the Performing Arts and Acting section of Lucian Blaga University , where students hold monthly representations. The Radu Stanca National Theatre is one of the leading Romanian theatres. With origins dating back to 1787, it attracts some of the best-known Romanian directors, such as Gábor Tompa and Silviu Purcărete. It has both

288-588: A project developed by the Social Attaché of the Austrian Embassy in Romania, dr.h.c. Barbara Schöfnagel. It was held in the "Lesser Square" (Piața Mică) with 38 small stalls, a small stage and an area dedicated to children, having several mechanical attractions installed there. Since 2008, the market has been held in the "Grand Square" (Piaţa Mare) grew to a number of about 70 stalls, a bigger stage

336-399: Is Sâghii , formerly spelled Sîghii . Its Hungarian name is Nagyszeben ("Big/Greater Sibiu"), or colloquially, Szeben . In German, it is called Hermannstadt ("Hermann's town"), while in the local Transylvanian Saxon dialect , it is known as Härmeschtat . In Yiddish , it is called סעבען Seben or הערמאנשטאט Hermanshtat . A number of other languages also have their own variants of

384-511: Is humid continental ( Köppen : Dfb ), with average temperatures of 8 to 9 °C (46 to 48 °F). The average precipitation is 643.7 millimetres (25.34 in), and there are about 120 days of hard frost annually. Sibiu experiences 56 days per year with fog and 1.5 days with hail . In 2007, Sibiu was the European Capital of Culture (alongside Luxembourg ). This was the most important cultural event that has ever happened in

432-683: Is a Museum of the Culture and Civilisation of the Romany People. The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park stretches over 960 ha (2,400 acres) and it is 4 km (2.5 mi) away from the center of the city in the southwest direction along the road towards Rășinari. Also, here you can find the Zoological Garden and Ethnography Museum. There is a Steam Locomotives Museum close to the railway station, sheltering around 40 locomotives , two of which are functional. The first park in

480-686: Is a city in central Romania , situated in the historical region of Transylvania . Located some 275 km (171 mi) north-west of Bucharest , the city straddles the Cibin River , a tributary of the Olt River. Now the seat of Sibiu County , between 1692 and 1791 and 1849–65 Sibiu was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania . Until 1876, the Hecht hause in Sibiu served as the seat of

528-417: Is also an important hub for the manufacturing of automotive components and houses factories belonging to ThyssenKrupp Bilstein-Compa, Takata Corporation , Continental Automotive Systems , Marquardt Group and NTN-SNR ball bearings. Other local industries are machine components, textiles, agro-industry, and electrical components ( Siemens ). The city also contained Romania's second-largest stock exchange,

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576-469: Is dedicated to first and second feature films. Since 2018 the festival is also held in Oradea . The festival also developed a strong educational platform for children, through EducaTIFF (awarded Best Educational Project in Romania, at Education Awards Gala, 2011 edition), and teenagers, through Let's Go Digital! The intensive workshop gives teenagers the opportunity to cover all the steps of filmmaking under

624-721: Is the largest performance arts festival in the world. Sibiu's museums are organised around two entities: the Brukenthal National Museum and the ASTRA National Museum Complex . The Brukenthal Museum consists of an Art Gallery and an Old Books Library located inside the Brukenthal Palace, a History Museum located in the old town hall building, a Pharmacy Museum located in one of the first apothecary shops in Europe, dating from

672-409: The 2011 census , Sibiu had a population of 147,245, a 5% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2002 census. The ethnic breakdown was as follows: Romanians 95.9%, Hungarians 1.6%, Germans ( Transylvanian Saxons ) 1.1%, and Roma 0.4%. A 2017 estimate placed the population at 169,316, a 14.98% increase since 2011. This increase made Sibiu's population surpass the numbers observed in 1992 when

720-585: The Făgăraș Mountains – a popular trekking destination, close to the city of Păltiniș and Arena Platoș ski resorts – both winter holiday destinations, and it is at the heart of the former Saxon communities in Transylvania renowned for its fortified churches . Since 2007, a Christmas market has been held in Sibiu. The first of its kind in Romania , it is inspired by Viennese Christmas markets, being

768-810: The Metropolitan seat , and the city is still regarded as the third-most important centre of the Romanian Orthodox Church . Between the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and 1867 (the year of the Ausgleich ), Hermannstadt was the meeting-place of the Transylvanian Diet , which had taken its most representative form after the Empire agreed to extend voting rights in the region. After World War I , when Austria-Hungary

816-637: The Sibiu International Theatre Festival , organized each spring at the end of May. Medieval Festival organized every year in August, reviving the medieval spirit of Transylvania . The Artmania Festival is held every Summer since 2006 and as of 2008 the Rockin' Transilvania Festival is also held in Sibiu. The oldest Jazz Festival in Romania is organized here, as well as the "Carl Filtsch" festival for young classical piano players,

864-516: The Transylvanian Saxon University . Nicknamed The Town with Eyes (given its historical buildings with partly open rooftops), the town is a well-known tourist destination for both domestic and foreign visitors. Known for its culture, history, gastronomy or local cuisine , and diverse architecture, which includes the iconic houses with eyes that gave Sibiu its nickname, the town has garnered significant attention since

912-501: The "Astra Film" documentary film festival, the Transylvania calling Festival a Multi Cultural 6-day Open Air Music festival! 26–31 July 2007, a medieval arts festival and many more smaller cultural events. Feeric Fashion Week is also hosted here. Sibiu was awarded by IGCAT (International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism) to be part of the European Regions of Gastronomy program, event that will promote in 2019

960-474: The 16th century, a Natural History Museum and a Museum of Arms and Hunting Trophies. The ASTRA National Museum Complex focuses on ethnography , and consists of a Traditional Folk Civilisation Museum, a 96-hectare open-air museum located in Dumbrava Forest south of Sibiu, a Universal Ethnography Museum, a Museum of Transylvanian Civilisation and a Museum of Saxon Ethnography and Folk Art. Also planned

1008-476: The European Gastronomical capital, by encouraging the local producers and businesses in the field of food production and culinary and gourmet culture, traditional workshops in the villages of the region, promoting farms and gastronomic circuits, or developing public programs to support small businesses in gastronomy and of the hospitality industry in the Sibiu region. Sibiu has two theatres and

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1056-500: The European Wandering Capital event in 2021, the most important tourist wandering event in Europe. A European Union summit was also hosted by the town in 2019. Sibiu is also known nationally and internationally for its Christmas market . Renowned personalities include Transylvanian Saxon scientists Conrad Haas and Hermann Oberth , who were both pioneers of rocketry . The company Elrond, which created

1104-640: The German community forging an ordered legal corpus and political system in Transylvania since the 1400s. In 1699, after the Ottomans withdrew to their base of power in Hungary and Transylvania, the town became capital of Principality of Transylvania (since 1570 the principality was mostly under suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire , however often had a dual vassalage). During the 18th and 19th centuries,

1152-639: The Târnavelor Plateau, which descends to the Cibin Valley through Gușteriței Hill. The Cibin River and some smaller streams run through Sibiu. The geographical position of Sibiu makes it one of the most important transportation hubs in Romania, with important roads and railway lines passing through it, including the A1 motorway, which also serves as a heavy traffic bypass for the city. Sibiu's climate

1200-402: The approximately 2,000 Transylvanian Saxons who decided to remain as per the 2011 Romanian census was Klaus Iohannis , the current President of Romania and former longtime mayor of the town between 2000 and 2014, who was succeeded by Astrid Fodor since 2014 onwards, initially ad interim / acting , and then, subsequently in full constitutional powers after 2016 . Sibiu is situated near

1248-460: The area were Cibinium and Cipin from 1191 when Pope Celestine III confirmed the existence of the free prepositure of the Saxons in Transylvania, having its headquarters in Sibiu. The city also used the names Prepositus Cibiniensis (1192–1196) and Prepositus Scibiniensis (1211). In 1223, it was renamed to Villa Hermanni , either in honor of archbishop Hermann II of Cologne or after

1296-513: The beginning of the 21st century. In 2004, its historical center was added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Sibiu was subsequently designated the European Capital of Culture in 2007, a title which it shared that year along with Luxembourg City as well. One year later, it was ranked "Europe's 8th-most idyllic place to live" by Forbes . In 2019, Sibiu was named the European Region of Gastronomy . Sibiu hosted

1344-593: The city became the second- and later the first-most important centre of Transylvanian Romanian ethnics. The first Romanian-owned bank had its headquarters here (The Albina Bank), as did the ASTRA (Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and Romanian's People Culture). After the Romanian Orthodox Church was granted status in the Austrian Empire from the 1860s onwards, Sibiu became

1392-424: The city center, the best known being Astra Park, established in 1879. Other parks: Tineretului Park, Reconstrucției Park, Corneliu Coposu Park, Petöfi Sándor Park, Piața Cluj Park, Ștrand Park, Cristianului Park, Țițeica Park, Vasile Aaron Park, Lira Park. The distribution of green space is good compared to other Romanian cities. Several festivals are organised yearly in Sibiu, the most prestigious of them being

1440-515: The city developed and increased its surface. The ASTRA National Museum Complex and the Zoo, located in the south, also fall within city limits. The Păltiniș ski resort, located 35 kilometres to the south, is also administered by Sibiu. While Șelimbăr and the Arhitecților district of Cisnădie are not part of Sibiu proper, they are adjacent to the city limits and often considered part of it. At

1488-424: The city was The Promenade, later called "The Disabled Promenade." established in 1791, today part of Parcul Cetății (Citadel Park). Current arrangement of the park, including the space between the walls, dates from 1928. The Sub Arini Park, established between 1857 and 1859 based on plans of military engineer Michael Seyfried, is one of the biggest and best-maintained parks in Romania. There are other green spaces in

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1536-756: The city's name, like Czech Sibiň , Polish Sybin , Serbo-Croatian Sibinj , Old Bulgarian Sibin (Сибин) and the proposed Esperanto name Sibio . [REDACTED] Kingdom of Hungary 1191–1526 [REDACTED] Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1526–1570 [REDACTED] Principality of Transylvania 1570–1804 [REDACTED]   Austrian Empire 1804–1867 [REDACTED]   Austria-Hungary 1867–1918 ( de jure Hungary until 1920 ) [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Romania 1920–1947 ( de facto from 1918 ) [REDACTED]   Romanian People's Republic 1947–1965 [REDACTED]   Socialist Republic of Romania 1965–1989 [REDACTED]   Romania 1989–present The Roman fort of Cedonia

1584-465: The craftsmen were divided in 19 guilds . Hermannstadt became the most important ethnic German city among the seven cities that gave Transylvania its German name Siebenbürgen (literally seven citadels ). It was home to the Transylvanian Saxon University ( Latin : Universitas Saxonum ; i.e. Community of the Saxons), a network of pedagogues, ministers, intellectuals, city officials, and councilmen of

1632-473: The eGold cryptocurrency (among the biggest in the world), was founded by people from Sibiu. As of 2021 census, the city has a population of 134,309, making it the 15th-largest city in Romania. The proposed Sibiu metropolitan area has a population of 267,170. The town also administers the village of Păltiniș , a ski resort located 35 kilometres to the southwest. During the High and Late Middle Ages , Sibiu

1680-679: The geographical center of Romania at 45°47′34″N 24°09′07″E  /  45.792784°N 24.152069°E  / 45.792784; 24.152069 . Set in the Cibin Depression, the city is about 20 km (12 mi) from the Făgăraș Mountains , 12 km (7.5 mi) from the Cibin Mountains , and about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the Lotru Mountains , which border the depression in its southwestern section. The northern and eastern limits of Sibiu are formed by

1728-453: The hands-on programme dedicated to emerging talents, and Transilvania Pitch Stop (TPS) – a tailor-made workshop for feature fiction films wrapping up with a public presentation and one-to-one meetings. TIFF – Industry hosts a series of masterclasses, lining-up experts in audience development, and script writing, film directors, documentarist and personalities. TIFF Industry also means closed screenings for industry members and special screenings of

1776-477: The last years. The Cultural Capital status was expected to bring about an abrupt increase in quantity and quality of cultural events in 2007 and so it did. The town government is headed by a mayor. Since 2014, the office is held by Astrid Fodor from the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), who replaced Klaus Iohannis , the latter having become the 5th president of Romania . Iohannis,

1824-502: The newest Romanian films, in the presence of their filmmakers. TIFF is the first film festival in Romania with an international feature film competition. The 2007 festival made use of the character Count Dracula for promotional materials, along with a mascot resembling Count Orlok from the Dracula -inspired 1922 film Nosferatu , followed by a screening of the classic film. In 2016, TIFF attracted more than 120,000 attendees. Over

1872-600: The newly restored Thalia Hall , a concert and theatre hall dating from 1787, situated along the old city fortifications. Weekly organ concerts are organised at the Evangelical Cathedral during summers, and thematic concerts are presented by the Faculty of Theology choir at the Orthodox Cathedral . The Sibiu International Theatre Festival is an annual festival of performing arts. Since 2016, it

1920-414: The previously highest population was recorded. As of the 2021 census data, 134,309 inhabitants live within the city limits, an 8.8% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census. Today, most of the population is Romanian Orthodox. Protestants and Roman Catholics represent about 5% of the population. Sibiu is an important economic hub for Romania, with a high rate of foreign investments. It

1968-480: The region's culinary heritage, multi-ethnic traditions and multi-cultural community. The designation of Sibiu as European Cultural Capital in 2007 was owed greatly to the excellent collaboration with Luxembourg (and to the noteworthy historical ties between the Transylvanian Saxon community and Luxembourg ), but also to what many regard as a miraculous social rebirth taking place in the town during

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2016-400: The supervision of film professionals and using modern equipment. After years of continuous work in promoting Romanian cinema and welcoming international guests to meet national productions and their filmmakers, in 2015, the festival rounded up its industry activities under one umbrella. TIFF – Industry is open for talents from Romania and Moldova and is gathering Transilvania Talent Lab (TTL) –

2064-682: The town, and a great number of tourists came, both domestic and foreign. The city of Sibiu and its surroundings are one of the most visited areas in Romania, as it holds one of the best preserved historical sites in the country, many of its medieval fortifications having been kept in excellent state. Its old center has begun the process for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. Sibiu and its surrounding area have many significant museums, with 12+ institutions housing art collections, paintings, and exhibits in decorative arts, archeology, anthropology, history, industrial archeology and history of technology and natural sciences. The city also lies close to

2112-791: The years, Transilvania IFF's Lifetime Achievement Award has been presented to important figures of European and worldwide cinema, including Sophia Loren Nastassja Kinski , Jiří Menzel , Debra Winger , Claude Lelouch , Geraldine Chaplin , Wim Wenders , Marin Karmitz , Jacqueline Bisset , Michael York , Catherine Deneuve , Claudia Cardinale , Annie Girardot , Udo Kier , Vanessa Redgrave , Nicolas Roeg and Franco Nero . Sibiu Sibiu ( / s iː ˈ b j uː / see- BEW , pronounced [siˈbiw] , German: Hermannstadt [ˈhɛʁmanʃtat] , Latin : Cibinium , Transylvanian Saxon : Härmeschtat or Hermestatt , Hungarian : Nagyszeben [ˈnɒɟsɛbɛn] )

2160-483: Was dissolved and Sibiu became part of the Kingdom of Romania ; the majority of its population was still ethnically German (until 1941) and counted a large Romanian community as well as a smaller Hungarian one. Starting from the 1950s and until 1990, most of the town's ethnic Germans emigrated to West Germany and Austria . The trend continued to a moderate extent after 1990 as well to unified Germany . Nonetheless, among

2208-601: Was perhaps in the same location as Sibiu. The town was founded by Saxon ( German ) settlers brought there by King of Hungary and King of Croatia Géza II during the mid-late 12th century, as part of the Ostsiedlung . They came from territories of the Holy Roman Empire and Kingdom of France (nowadays parts of Germany, France and the Benelux countries) and arrived at around 1147. The first references to

2256-573: Was set up, where Christmas carols concerts are held. An ice skating rink and a children's workshop are also attractions which have been added in the following years. It was the first Christmas Market in Romania, but soon other Christmas markets emerged across the country. In 2013, the Sibiu Christmas market was included in the "15 Of the Most Beautiful Christmas Markets in Europe". In 2019, Sibiu planned to host

2304-621: Was the most important cultural and administrative centre of the Transylvanian Saxons . It is called Härmeschtat in their local dialect , which is close to Luxembourgish , from which it primarily descended during the Ostsiedlung . The name of the city derives from the Bulgar-Turkic name Sibin<Sebin<Säbin, meaning "rejoice". An archaic version of the Romanian name Sibiu is Sibiiu , while an obsolete folk name

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