38-504: Traunstein ( Central Bavarian : Traunstoa ) is a town in the south-eastern part of Bavaria , Germany , and is the administrative center of a much larger district of the same name. The town serves as a local government, retail, health services, transport and educational center for the wider district. The historic market square, Bavarian hospitality, local breweries , outdoor sports facilities, Easter Monday horse parade, and connections with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI , contribute to
76-494: A brief and unexpected illness, King Maximilian died at Munich on 10 March 1864. He is buried in the Theatinerkirche there. Maximilian offered Paul Heyse and other writers from North Germany large stipends. Hans Christian Andersen visited "King Max" (as he called him) in his castle Starnberg , and wrote of him as a young, highly amiable man. The King, having read his novels and fairy tales , let Andersen know that he
114-458: A death march with a few SS guards accompanied by 61 prisoners from the already-liberated Buchenwald concentration camp arrived; and on 5 May a massacre was carried out, resulting in 60 deaths, and only one survivor. Currently in Surberg lies a memorial commemorating their deaths. On 3 May 1945 the town surrendered without struggle. During World War II , a subcamp of Dachau concentration camp
152-405: A fire disaster before 1400. Written documents provide no information about it. They merely report about a fire, which broke out later, in 1851. At any rate, only 10 houses fell victim to the early fire and in no case the whole town. Thereupon, in 1587, a fire arrangement was enacted for the first time in the town history. During the night of 25-26 April 1851, a disastrous fire again destroyed almost
190-505: A journey on foot through his country, which began in Lindau . However, because of frequent rain, he repeatedly had to be carried physically. In government policy, the King repeatedly requested the advice of his ministers and scholarly experts before making a decision, which led to long delays. In addition, King Maximilian often traveled to Italy and Greece, which also led to long delays. After
228-771: A subgroup of Bavarian dialects in large parts of Austria and the German state of Bavaria along the Danube river, on the northern side of the Eastern Alps . They are spoken in the ' Old Bavarian ' regions of Upper Bavaria (with Munich (see Munich German)), Lower Bavaria and in the adjacent parts of the Upper Palatinate region around Regensburg , in Upper and Lower Austria , in Vienna (see Viennese German ), in
266-538: Is surrounded by the River Traun as well as its close proximity to the main route of commerce. Traunstein has been part of the state of Bavaria since 1275. It was previously a territory of Salzburg. At the beginning of the 14th century, Traunstein was granted the status of a town. By 1493 the town roads were already cobbled. The Church of St. Oswald was rebuilt in 1501. In 1526 the Lindlbrunnen (Lindl Fountain)
304-564: The Bavarian stem duchy with the later Duchy of Austria . That means that the distinct languages of Vienna and Munich are very different from each other, but the dialects of any two neighbouring towns in between will be quite similar. However, due to influences of the corresponding political centres, discontinuous change is nowadays noticeable along the national border between Austria and Germany . Generally, Viennese has some characteristics differentiating it from other Bavarian dialects due to
342-681: The First World War what had previously been the site of the salt production facilities became a camp for over 1000 civilian prisoners and prisoners of war. After the war, the 1923 hyperinflation crisis as in other towns lead to the use of token money denominated in billions. With the seizure of power of the National Socialists in 1933 began an active period of persecution for political dissidents and Jewish fellow citizens in Germany. By November 1938 all Jewish residents of
380-585: The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). On 25 and 26 July 1704, Austrian troops occupied the town in the course of the Spanish war of succession. A disastrous fire altered the medieval townscape. Despite the occupation by Austrian troops, it was possible for Traunstein to be reconstructed. The saltworks, finished in 1786/87, assured the survival of salt production in Traunstein. In its history, Traunstein
418-590: The "Humiliation of Olmütz" by Prussia. The event solidified the Bavarian kingdom's alliance with Austria against Prussia. In his German policy, Maximilian was guided by the desire to maintain the union of the princes. During the cold warfare between Austria and Prussia, King Maximilian and his ministers favoured the former, which was a policy enthusiastically supported by the Catholics and the Protestants of
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#1732772986662456-634: The Bavarian Kingdom. Simultaneously, however, the King and his Ministers also attempted to preserve Bavaria's independence by trying to play both powers against each other. That policy continued under his son, King Ludwig II. In 1863, however, the King supported the project of reform proposed by Austria at the Frankfurt Fürstentag [ de ] . Attempts by Austria to reorganise the loose and entirely-decentralised German Confederation were opposed by Prussia and therefore
494-496: The King also financed studies of the art, costumes, dialects and customs of the Bavarian peasantry. That was done to promote a separate national identity against Prussian-inspired Pan-Germanism. The King was assisted in that by his Personal Private Secretary, Franz Xaver von Schönwerth . A native of the Oberpfalz region of the Bavarian Kingdom, Schonwerth's work collecting the folklore and traditions of his native district won him
532-618: The admiration of the Brothers Grimm and made him a model for future folklore collectors. Maximilian II responded also to the demands of the people for a united German state by attending the Frankfurt Assembly which intended to create such a state. The progress of the 1848 Revolution, however, gave him pause. The king strenuously opposed the unionist plans of the Frankfurt Parliament , refused to recognize
570-819: The architect Eduard Riedel to redesign Berg Castle in neo-gothic style with several towers and a crenellate. Maximilian II was the principal of the Maximilianstrasse and the Bavarian National Museum in Munich. Compared to his father, Maximilian preferred a new architectural style with strong reference to the Gothic Revival architecture which would combine the best features of historical models combined with then modern building technology. The neo-gothic Royal Mansion in Regensburg
608-435: The border between Bavaria and Austria . In all subgroups, hard consonants such as p, t, k are softened to become b, d, g . Maximilian II of Bavaria Maximilian II (28 November 1811 – 10 March 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864. Unlike his father, King Ludwig I , "King Max" was very popular and took a greater interest in the business of Government than in personal extravagance. Ascending
646-531: The direction of absolute monarchy , King Maximilian steered a moderate course between the extremes of classical liberalism , Prussian-inspired Pan-Germanism, and the so-called " Ultramontanes ". In his attempts to transform Bavaria into a centre of culture, education, and the arts, he enraged conservative Catholics and Protestants by inviting a number of celebrated men of learning (such as Geibel , Liebig , Heyse and Sybel ) to Munich , regardless of their religious views. Devoted to his family and his people,
684-548: The imperial constitution devised by it and assisted Austria in restoring the federal diet and in carrying out the federal execution in Hesse-Kassel and Holstein . In the aftermath of the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly , Prussia and Austria continued to debate which monarchy had the inherent right to rule Germany. The dispute between Austria and the Electoral Prince of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)
722-568: The influence of languages spoken by people moving to Vienna from many areas of Austria-Hungary during the 19th century. A characteristic of Central Bavarian is the vocalization of l and r after e or i . E.g. the standard German viel becomes either vui (in Western Central Bavarian) or vüü (in Eastern Central Bavarian). The border between the western and eastern subgroups roughly coincides with
760-680: The other German princes did not act on the reform proposals. The failure of those plans and the attitude of the Austrian Court towards the Confederation and the Schleswig-Holstein Question disillusioned King Maximilian. The last days of his reign were spent attempting to deal with the new situation created by the outbreak of the war with Denmark. In the summers of 1849 and 1855, King Maximilian travelled his kingdom. Between 24 June and 27 July 1858, he undertook
798-499: The parochial seat was taken away from Haslach and was given to Traunstein. Later rumours came up that the carelessness of a resident had caused the fire. However, there was no evidence to support that idea and therefore the person could not be sentenced. After the town fire 700 citizens were homeless but help immediately reached Traunstein. King Maximilian II visited Traunstein on 27 April, contributed consolations and gave several thousands of guilders from his cabinet cash. In return for
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#1732772986662836-404: The quick payment of the fire insurance the inhabitants could soon begin to rebuild their town from the ground up. The medieval plan of the town square was preserved to a great extent; merely the façades received a new face in the style of the current time. Salt production in Traunstein was finally shut down in 1912. In 1914, the former independent community "Au" became part of Traunstein. During
874-452: The settlement. In that way they controlled the passage of the important commercial salt route over the Traun, from Bad Reichenhall to Munich at the border of the "Erzstift Salzburg" (the archbishopric of Salzburg). In the year 1120 the lords of "Truna" settled in the current urban area because of its favourable strategic position. They built the castle at the border of the city plateau, which
912-526: The state of Salzburg , as well as in the northern and eastern parts of Styria and Burgenland . Before 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans , it was also spoken in Hungary and southern Bohemia and Moravia. It also influenced Austrian German . There are noticeable differences in the language within the group, but changes occur along a west-east dialect continuum on both sides of the historic border of
950-508: The surroundings since the 10th century, Trauwenstein itself was first mentioned in a manuscript of the Baumburg monastery in the year 1245. The name means "castle on the Traun", and the domicile of the Lord of "de Truna", surrounded by a little settlement, was probably located there. The Wittelsbachs (a German/Bavarian dynastic and European royal family) were the first to expand and fortify
988-675: The throne during the German Revolution of 1848 , King Maximilian restored stability in his kingdom. The rest of his reign was characterized by attempts to maintain Bavarian independence during the wars of German Unification and to transform his capital city of Munich into a cultural and educational city. He was born in Munich and was the eldest son of the Crown Prince of Bavaria (later King Ludwig I) and his wife Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen . After studying at Göttingen and Berlin and travelling in Germany, Italy and Greece, he
1026-457: The town had been forcibly removed. Open political resistance during the war years was limited; the town priest, Josef Stelze, was placed briefly in custody, Rupert Berger , Bavarian People's Party representative and the first post-war elected Mayor of Traunstein, was for a period incarcerated in the Dachau concentration camp . In 1939 Traunstein had an estimated population of 11,500. By the end of
1064-506: The town's profile as a tourist destination. The town is situated at the heart of a region called Chiemgau , approximately 11 km east of the Chiemsee between Munich and Salzburg , 15 km north of the Alps , and 30 km west of Salzburg . Although as early as 790 the church records list possessions "ad Trun" and some medieval defence constructions are known to have existed in
1102-627: The war 523 of that number were registered as killed as a direct result of the conflict, a further 73 registered as missing. During the later stages of the Second World War Traunstein was four times the target of U.S. Army Air Force aerial bombardment: on 11 November 1944, on 21 January 1945, on 18 April 1945 and finally on 25 April 1945. In April 1945 the heavy air raids destroyed much of the Traunstein station area, an event in which over 100 people died. A short time later,
1140-791: The whole town. The reason for it has never been discovered. The great fires spread to almost 100 houses including the Town Hall, the County Court, the Main Salt Office, the Pension Office, the Church, and several gates and towers except the Upper Tower. Just as in 1704, Traunstein was again rebuilt within a few years. It was presumed the fire was an act of revenge by the angry Haslachers. There were feelings of rage because
1178-720: Was built for Maximilian 1854–1856, the Royal Mansion in Berchtesgaden and the Royal Villa on Rose Island already in 1853. The hiking path in Upper Bavaria called Maximiliansweg is named after him, as he made a longer hike in the Bavaria alps in the summer of 1858. The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art was first established on 28 November 1853 by King Maximilian II. While king, Maximilian
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1216-541: Was built for Maximilian as a Crown Prince Palace in Munich but was completed only when he ascended the throne. When the abdication of Ludwig I (20 March 1848) called him suddenly to the throne, his choice of ministers promised a liberal regime. In 1849 an uprising in the Bavarian Palatinate was broken down with the support of the Prussian Army . Though from 1850 onwards his government tended in
1254-423: Was constructed as a completion of the town's water supply. In the 17th century, salt production, facilitated by the construction of a wooden brine pipeline from Bad Reichenhall brought new industry and significant wealth to the town. The pipeline was constructed between 1616 and 1619 by the master builder of the court, Hans Reiffenstuel. Traunstein was spared much of the damage experienced by nearby towns during
1292-548: Was deeply impressed by The Improvisatore , En Digters Bazar , The Little Mermaid and Paradisets Have . During the visit Andersen also read The Ugly Duckling . Later Andersen visited the King at the Schloss Hohenschwangau . Next to Hohenschwangau Castle also the Hambach Castle was reconstructed from 1844 for Crown Prince Maximilian by August von Voit . In 1849 King Maximilian II instructed
1330-481: Was introduced by his father into the council of state (1836). From the first, he showed a studious disposition and declared on one occasion that had he not been born in a royal cradle, his choice would have been to become a professor. As crown prince, in the chateau of Hohenschwangau near Füssen , which he had rebuilt, he gathered about him an intimate society of artists and men of learning and devoted his time to scientific and historical study. The Wittelsbacher Palais
1368-597: Was located here. Whereas Traunstein was a district-free city from 1948–1972, it became capital of the district of the same name in 1972. Areas of Traunstein close to the River Traun have been subject to flooding on numerous occasions, most notably in 1899 and again in 2013. Traunstein is twinned with: Traunstein is the setting for the Austrian-German television crime drama series Der Pass . Central Bavarian Central or Middle Bavarian form
1406-463: Was struck at least twice by significant town fires: In 1704, when Hungarian "Panduren" set the town on fire in the course of the Spanish War of Succession, and in 1851. However, the "first town fire", which is still familiar to all "real" citizens of Traunstein and is still taught in school today, has not been confirmed. Only archaeological excavations can show whether Traunstein had really suffered
1444-527: Was used by Austria and its allies, including Bavaria, to promote the isolation of Prussia in German political affairs. That diplomatic insult almost led to war when Austria, Bavaria and other allies moved troops through Bavaria towards Hesse-Kassel in 1850. However, the Prussian Army backed down and accepted the principle of dual leadership. The event was known as the Punctation of Olmütz but also as
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