63-648: The Traverse City Railroad was the owner of a branch railroad from Walton Junction, Michigan, to Traverse City . The line was built in 1872, and connected with the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway , to which it was sold in 1917. This United States rail–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transportation in Michigan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Traverse City Traverse City ( / ˈ t r æ v ər s / TRAV -ərss )
126-604: A Traverse City Railroad Company spur from the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad line at Walton Junction . The railroad tracked along the Boardman River and along Boardman Lake into Traverse City, and ended at a station along the Grand Traverse Bay, at the corner of present-day Grandview Parkway and Park Street. This new line of transportation from Southern Michigan opened up the area to settlement and industrial development. Many more people started flocking to
189-516: A 32-mile-long (51 km) bay of Lake Michigan . Grand Traverse Bay is divided into arms by the 18-mile-long (29 km) Old Mission Peninsula , which is attached at its base to Traverse City. The city borders four townships– East Bay , Elmwood , Garfield , and Peninsula –all of which contain substantial suburban sprawl. Traverse City is nicknamed "the Cherry Capital of the World", as
252-756: A clear northern boundary, which resulted in a territorial dispute resolved by the Treaty of Madrid in 1795. Spain also received the island of Menorca , but the Bahamas , Grenada , and Montserrat , which had been captured by the French and Spaniards, were returned to Britain. The treaty with France was mostly about exchanges of captured territory. France's only net gains were the island of Tobago , and Senegal in Africa, but it also reinforced earlier treaties, guaranteeing fishing rights off Newfoundland . Dutch possessions in
315-513: A federally protected sand dune on Lake Michigan, is located about 20 miles (32 km) west-northwest of Traverse City, in the southwest of Leelanau County. Traverse City is laid out in a grid plan , with major streets running east–west and north–south. The tallest building, at 10 stories, is the Park Place Hotel . The City of Traverse City officially recognizes the following neighborhood associations : The city also recognizes
378-494: A few years prior in 1951. The former high school building was converted to Traverse City Junior High. In 1997, the high school split into Traverse City Central and Traverse City West High Schools due to extreme overcrowding at the 1960s building. In 1989, the Traverse City State Hospital closed, leaving hundreds without jobs, massive abandoned buildings, and many homeless former patients. Since 2000,
441-472: A peninsula, and dividing it from the Grandview Parkway . The river terminates at Grand Traverse Bay northeast of downtown Traverse City. The river's 287-square-mile (740 km ) watershed contributes one-third of the water volume to the bay and is one of Michigan's top-ten fisheries, with more than 36 miles (58 km) of its 179 miles (288 km) designated as a Blue Ribbon trout fishery. It
504-509: A pie-eating contest, and cherries. The Traverse City Film Festival was held in July and August from 2005 to 2019. The Great Lakes Equestrian Festival features jumping, show hunting and equestrian competitions. Traverse City State Park , with about 250 campsites, is located east of the city, and features a beach on the East Bay arm of Grand Traverse Bay. The Boardman River Nature Center
567-600: A prominent Michigan Republican , used his political influence to secure its location in Traverse City. Under the supervision of prominent architect Gordon W. Lloyd , the first building, known as Building 50, was constructed in Victorian - Italianate style according to the Kirkbride Plan . The hospital opened in 1885 with 43 residents. Under Dr. James Decker Munson, the first superintendent from 1885 to 1924,
630-404: A reference to the divine providence , states the bona fides of the signatories, and declares the intention of both parties to "forget all past misunderstandings and differences" and "secure to both perpetual peace and harmony." Eschatocol . "Done at Paris, this third day of September in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three." Historians have often commented that
693-597: A return for their property in the US legal system after the American Revolutionary War , but most were unsuccessful. The actual geography of North America turned out not to match the details used in the treaty. The treaty specified a southern boundary for the United States, but the separate Anglo-Spanish agreement did not specify a northern boundary for Florida. The Spanish government assumed that
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#1732802088288756-561: A small portion of the city extends northwesterly into Leelanau County. This portion was annexed by the city in 1989. Traverse City is located in the northwest of Michigan's Lower Peninsula , and is located at the head of Grand Traverse Bay, a long, natural harbor separated from the waters of Lake Michigan by the Leelanau Peninsula . The bay is divided into an East Arm and West Arm by the Old Mission Peninsula ,
819-478: A spring festival. Also in 1925, Munson Medical Center opened, and has since grown to serve much of Northern Michigan and serves as one of Traverse City's largest employers. In 1929, Traverse City's first airport, Ransom Field, opened, offering flights to Grand Rapids . It closed in 1936, when the new Traverse City Airport (now called Cherry Capital Airport ) was opened. In 1953 the grounds of Ransom Field were redeveloped as Memorial Gardens Cemetery. In 1934,
882-497: A thin strip of rolling hills and farmland known for its cherry crop and viticulture industry. As Traverse City contains shores on both of Grand Traverse Bay's East and West Arms, one cannot access the Old Mission Peninsula without entering Traverse City. The Boardman River is a prominent river bisecting Traverse City from south to north. It also snakes through Traverse City's downtown district, effectively forming
945-743: Is 105 °F (41 °C ), recorded in 1936, and its low temperature is −37 °F (−38 °C), recorded on February 17, 1979. - Of Traverse City's 15,678 residents in 2020, 15,341 lived in Grand Traverse County, with 337 (about 2.1%) in Leelanau County. Traverse City is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord . The city is part of the Episcopal Diocese of the Great Lakes and
1008-550: Is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . It is the county seat of Grand Traverse County , although it partly extends into Leelanau County . The population was 15,678 at the 2020 census , with 153,448 residents in the four-county Traverse City metropolitan area . Traverse City is the most populous city in the Northern Michigan region. Traverse City is at the head of the East and West arms of Grand Traverse Bay ,
1071-470: Is a part of the 37th senate district . Companies headquartered in Traverse City include Hagerty Insurance Agency and Oilgear , and 20Fathoms, a technology incubator, is there. Most of Traverse City's economy is based on tourism. In November, Beer Week offers tours of breweries, samplings, and workshops. The National Cherry Festival , held annually in July, features parades, fireworks, an air show, carnival rides, election of festival royalty, music,
1134-688: Is also a state-designated "Natural River". As of 2023, only one of the five dams constructed on the Boardman River remains. Traverse City is surrounded by a substantial suburban ring, especially within Garfield Township , to its southwest. Garfield Township is the largest municipality in Northern Michigan by population. Other adjacent townships, East Bay , Elmwood , and Peninsula , and nearby Blair and Long Lake townships, boast significant suburban populations dependent upon Traverse City. Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore ,
1197-651: Is in Michigan's 1st congressional district , represented by Jack Bergman ( R – Watersmeet ). Like the rest of Michigan, it is served by Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters (both Democratic ) in the United States Senate . It is represented in the Michigan House of Representatives by Betsy Coffia (D–Traverse City), and is a part of the 103rd district . It is represented in the Michigan Senate by John Damoose ( R – Harbor Springs ) and
1260-520: Is now Traverse City was part of the territory of the Council of Three Fires , an alliance of three Anishinaabe tribes, the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi . The Odawa, who were particularly prevalent in the area, called the area Kitchiwikwedongsing , a name which was often shortened to Wequetong , meaning "place at the head of the great bay". The area was the northern end of what is today known as
1323-651: Is served by Grace Episcopal Church . Traverse City is a home rule , charter city under the Home Rule Cities Act , incorporated on May 18, 1895. The city is governed by six commissioners and a mayor, elected at-large . Together they compose a seven-member legislative body. The commission appoints a city manager who serves as chief executive for city operations. As of 2023, the city commission consists of mayor Amy Shamroe, mayor pro tem Mark Wilson, and commissioners Jackie Anderson, Heather Shaw, Mi Stanley, Mitch Treadwell, and Tim Werner. Traverse City
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#17328020882881386-589: Is the T/S State of Michigan , a 224-foot (68 m) former Navy submarine surveillance vessel. The vessel is used as a classroom and laboratory while cadets of the academy are underway and shore side. Treaty of Paris (1783) The Treaty of Paris , signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States on September 3, 1783, officially ended
1449-737: Is the interpretive center and management headquarters for the Grand Traverse Natural Education Reserve, a 505-acre local park and natural area. Traverse City is located immediately adjacent to two American Viticultural Areas , the Leelanau Peninsula AVA and the Old Mission Peninsula AVA . There are over 50 wineries near Traverse City. Located in the harbor of the Great Lakes Maritime Academy
1512-525: The American Revolutionary War and recognized the Thirteen Colonies , which had been part of colonial British America , to be free, sovereign and independent states. The treaty set the boundaries between British North America , later called Canada , and the United States, on lines the British labeled as "exceedingly generous", although exact boundary definitions in the far-northwest and to
1575-658: The Dutch Republic , are known collectively as the Peace of Paris . Only Article 1 of the treaty, which acknowledges the United States' existence as free sovereign and independent states , remains in force. The U.S. borders changed in later years, which is a major reason specific articles of the treaty were superseded. Preamble . Declares the treaty to be "in the Name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity" followed by
1638-839: The East Indies , captured in 1781, were returned by Britain to the Netherlands in exchange for trading privileges in the Dutch East Indies by a treaty, which was not finalized until 1784. The Congress of the Confederation , operating as the legislative body of the newly established United States, ratified the Treaty of Paris on January 14, 1784 , in Annapolis, Maryland , in the Old Senate Chamber of
1701-514: The Kingdom of Great Britain and King George III were David Hartley and Richard Oswald . The treaty was drafted on November 30, 1782, and signed at the Hôtel d'York at present-day 56 Rue Jacob in Paris on September 3, 1783, by Adams, Franklin, Jay, and Hartley. In September 1782, French Foreign Minister Vergennes proposed a solution to deadlocked negotiations between the United States and
1764-735: The Lake of the Woods in present-day Minnesota , Manitoba , and Ontario , directly westward until it reached the Mississippi River . However, the Mississippi does not extend that far northward, and the line going west from the Lake of the Woods never intersects the river. Additionally, the Treaty of Paris did not explain how the new border would function in terms of controlling the movement of people and trade between British North America and
1827-651: The Maryland State House . Copies were sent back to Europe for ratification by the other parties involved, the first reaching France in March 1784. British ratification occurred on April 9, 1784, and the ratified versions were exchanged in Paris on May 12, 1784. The treaty and the separate peace treaties between Great Britain and the three colonial powers that supported the American cause, France , Spain , and
1890-663: The Old Indian Trail , a trail which serviced travel for the Hopewell , and later the Anishinaabe, coming to and from the Cadillac area. Grand Traverse Bay was named by 18th-century French voyageurs who made la grande traverse , or "the long crossing", across the mouth of bay, from present-day Norwood to Northport . The area was French territory at first, and then part of the Kingdom of Great Britain as
1953-560: The Post Office Department clerk suggested dropping the "Grand" from the name, as to limit confusion between this new office and the one at nearby Old Mission. Mr. Lay agreed to the new, shortened name of "Traverse City" for the post office, and the village took on this name. Also around this time, the first cherry trees were being planted on the Old Mission Peninsula, something the peninsula is widely known for today. In December 1872, rail service arrived in Traverse City via
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2016-659: The Province of Quebec . The area was ceded to the United States in 1783 following the Treaty of Paris , becoming part of the Northwest Territory . In 1847, Captain Horace Boardman of Naperville, Illinois , purchased the land at the mouth of the Boardman River (then known as the Ottawa River) at the head of the west arm of the bay, which at the time was still inhabited by Native Americans. In 1847,
2079-633: The Americans had received from Britain automatically when they had colonial status, including protection from pirates in the Mediterranean Sea were lost. Individual states ignored federal recommendations, under Article 5, to restore confiscated Loyalist property and Article 6, which provided for confiscating Loyalist property for "unpaid debts". The Commonwealth of Virginia defied Article 4 and maintained laws against payment of debts to British creditors. Several Loyalists attempted to file for
2142-714: The British Empire, the Jay Treaty . Great Britain violated the treaty stipulation that it would relinquish control of forts in United States territory "with all convenient speed". British troops remained stationed at six forts in the Great Lakes region and at two at the north end of Lake Champlain . The British also built an additional fort in present-day Ohio in 1794, during the Northwest Indian War . They justified their treaty violations during
2205-469: The British, which was rejected by the United States. France was exhausted by the war, and all parties sought peace, except for Spain, which insisted on continuing the Revolutionary War until it could capture Gibraltar from the British . Vergennes developed treaty terms under which Spain would forego holding Gibraltar and the United States would be granted independence, but it would be confined to
2268-463: The Grand Traverse Bay region was the one located at Old Mission , which was then known as "Grand Traverse". While in Washington, D.C. in 1852, Mr. Lay had succeeded in getting the U.S. Post Office to authorize a new post office at his newer settlement. As the newer settlement had become known as " Grand Traverse City ", after the Grand Traverse Bay, Lay proposed this name for its post office, but
2331-559: The Minervini Group has undertaken the project of renovating the entire property into a social center, including many restaurants, retail spaces, office space, and residential space. On November 3, 2015, Traverse City elected Jim Carruthers, its first openly gay mayor . After serving as mayor of Traverse City for six years, in June 2021 Jim Carruthers announced he would not run for his fourth mayoral term. May 18, 2020, served as
2394-406: The United States and deliberately so from the British point of view. Shelburne foresaw highly profitable two-way trade between Britain and the rapidly-growing United States, which came to pass. Great Britain also signed separate agreements with France and Spain, and provisionally with the Netherlands. In the treaty with Spain, the territories of East and West Florida were ceded to Spain without
2457-403: The United States would gain all of the area east of the Mississippi River , north of present-day Florida , and south of present-day Canada . The northern boundary would be almost the same as it is today. The United States would gain fishing rights off Nova Scotia 's coasts and agreed to allow British merchants and Loyalists to try to recover their property. The treaty was highly favorable for
2520-605: The United States' existence as free, sovereign , and independent states , remains in force. Peace negotiations began in Paris in April 1782, following the victory of George Washington and the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War . The negotiations continued through the summer of 1782. Representing the United States were Benjamin Franklin , John Jay , Henry Laurens , and John Adams . Representing
2583-498: The United States. The American diplomats' expectation of negotiating a commercial treaty with Great Britain to resolve some of the unfinished business of the Treaty of Paris failed to materialize in 1784. Despite government agreements for British evacuation of northern forts, Britain continued to occupy the forts. Meanwhile, the British were dissatisfied with the American harassment of Loyalists . The United States would thus wait until 1794 to negotiate its first commercial agreement with
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2646-526: The aftermath of the backlash, the resolution was edited by TCAPS school board officials. No date for consideration of the revised resolution has been set. According to the United States Census Bureau , Traverse City has a total area of 8.66 square miles (22.43 km ), of which, 8.33 square miles (21.57 km ) are land and 0.33 square miles (0.85 km ) is water. Most of the city is located within Grand Traverse County, though
2709-597: The area east of the Appalachian Mountains . Britain would keep the area north of the Ohio River , which was part of the Province of Quebec . In the area south of that would be an independent Indian barrier state , under Spanish control. The American delegation perceived that they could obtain a better treaty in negotiating directly with the British in London . John Jay promptly told the British that he
2772-649: The area surrounding Grand Traverse Bay is a hotspot for cherry production . The city hosts the National Cherry Festival , attracting approximately 500,000 visitors annually. The Traverse City area is also known for its wine production . Two American Viticultural Areas are adjacent to the city. Traverse City is home to the Traverse City State Hospital , a former state psychiatric institution , and Coast Guard Air Station Traverse City . Prior to European settlement, what
2835-486: The area's diverse coastal weather patterns, which occasionally consist of sudden and/or large amounts of precipitation during the seasonally active periods. Lake-effect snowfall constitutes a large percentage of the total annual snow accumulation, which averages around 80 inches (203 cm). Periods of snowfall typically last from November to April, although light snow as late as May or as early as late September sometimes occur. Traverse City's record high temperature
2898-424: The blooming season. With the exception of the years before and during World War II, this tradition has been carried on since in Traverse City. The legislature moved the date of the festival to the summer, and it attracts tourists from around the state. During the week the festival takes place, the population of Traverse City rises from about 15,000 to about 500,000. In 2004 the legislature added "Blossom Days", again as
2961-534: The boundary was the same as in the 1763 agreement by which it had first given its territory in Florida to Great Britain. While the West Florida Controversy continued, Spain used its new control of Florida to block American access to the Mississippi, in defiance of Article 8. To the north, the treaty stated that the boundary of the United States extended from the " most northwesternmost point " of
3024-435: The captain, his son, and their employees built a dwelling and sawmill near the mouth of the river. In 1851 the Boardmans sold the sawmill to Hannah, Lay & Co (made up of Perry Hannah , Albert Tracy Lay and James Morgan), who improved the mill greatly. The increased investment in the mill attracted additional settlers to the new community. Perry Hannah today is known as the founding father of Traverse City. Traverse City
3087-457: The city's 125th anniversary of Traverse City's incorporation as a city in 1895, and was known as the "quarantine quasquicentennial". In April 2021, a group composed mostly of White students from two Traverse City area school districts held an online mock slave auction via social media app in a private group chat titled "Slave Trade", wherein they traded their Black student peers for monetary amounts while using derogatory language. After
3150-428: The elderly, served as a rehab for drug addicts, and was used to train nurses . On May 18, 1895, Traverse City was incorporated as a city . Perry Hannah served as the first mayor of Traverse City, after also serving as first and third village president. The first National Cherry Festival was held in Traverse City in 1925. It was first called "Blessing of the Blossoms" and held in the spring to attract people during
3213-423: The following commercial districts : The city employs two tax increment financing (TIF) districts: TIF 97, overlapping with the Front Street District, and Old Town TIF in the Old Town District. Traverse City has one superfund site , according to the Environmental Protection Agency . This is the Avenue E Groundwater Contamination Site. At this location, toxic runoff from the Coast Guard Air Station contaminated
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#17328020882883276-588: The groundwater along Avenue E. Traverse City has a warm-summer continental climate (Köppen Dfb) close to being a hot-summer continental climate (Dfa). Its location near the 45th parallel is tempered by the strong and moderating effects of Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay, which have a particularly noteworthy effect on the peninsulas that branch north of the city. As a result, they have viticulture and cherry orchards . Consequently, it generally experiences warm, mild summers and severe winters. Lake Michigan especially, but also Grand Traverse Bay, greatly impact
3339-432: The institution expanded. Twelve housing cottages and two infirmaries were built between 1887 and 1903 to meet the specific needs of male and female patients. The institution became the city's largest employer and contributed to its growth. While the hospital was established for the care of the mentally ill, its use expanded during outbreaks of tuberculosis , typhoid , diphtheria , influenza , and polio . It also cared for
3402-443: The local community was made aware of this event, a coalition of community members and Traverse City Area Public School (TCAPS) Board of Education officials drafted in response a resolution which denounced the behavior. The draft of the resolution itself led to community backlash initiated largely by White conservative parents and community members who regarded the planned resolution to be "...interlaced with critical race theory ". In
3465-457: The original Traverse City High School building burnt down, with no casualties. For three years, while the high school was being rebuilt, classes were moved to the Perry Hannah House , the former residence of the city's founder. Classes were moved back to the new school building in September 1937. In 1960, the high school was moved from downtown Traverse City to a new college-style campus on the grounds of Northwestern Michigan College , which opened
3528-542: The small community, and in 1881, Traverse City was incorporated as a village . This began the major commercial growth of the town. In 1890, another rail line was extended to Traverse City, this one from Baldwin via Copemish and Interlochen . This line primarily served lumber companies, such as the Buckley & Douglas Lumber Company, and was used to transport logs from the vast forest of Northwest Michigan to sawmills in Manistee and Traverse City. Two years later, new railroads were extended out of Traverse City. One line
3591-410: The south continued to be subject to some controversy. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war . This treaty and the separate peace treaties between Great Britain and the nations that supported the American cause, including France , Spain , and the Dutch Republic are known collectively as the Peace of Paris . Only Article 1 of the treaty, which acknowledges
3654-516: The treaty was very generous to the United States in terms of greatly enlarged boundaries. Historians such as Alvord, Harlow, and Ritcheson have emphasized that British generosity was based on a statesmanlike vision of close economic ties between Britain and the United States. The concession of the vast trans-Appalachian region was designed to facilitate the growth of the American population and to create lucrative markets for British merchants without any military or administrative costs to Britain. The point
3717-403: The unstable and extremely tense time that existed in the area following the Revolutionary War, and in the failure of the newly established federal government of the United States to fulfill commitments made to compensate loyalists for British losses, forcing the British to liquidate various assets in the region. All of the posts were relinquished peacefully through diplomatic means as a result of
3780-509: Was extended along the bay into Leelanau County, and curved south to a preexisting spur at Lake Ann . Another line was extended east into present-day Williamsburg , and to Charlevoix and Petoskey . This railroad was largely to serve tourists. In 1881, the Northern Michigan Asylum, later the Traverse City State Hospital , was established as the demand for a third psychiatric hospital in Michigan, in addition to those established in Kalamazoo and Pontiac , began to grow. Perry Hannah, by then
3843-422: Was originally part of Omeena County, which was originally set off in 1840 from Michilimackinac County . The county remained unorganized, lacking a central government until 1851, when it was reorganized as Grand Traverse County . The newly designated county government was assigned a county seat at Boardman's Mills , a location in present-day downtown Traverse City. As of 1853, the only operating post office in
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#17328020882883906-410: Was that the United States would become a major trading partner. As French Foreign Minister Vergennes later put it, "The English buy peace rather than make it." Vermont was included within the boundaries because the state of New York insisted that Vermont was a part of New York although Vermont was then under a government that considered Vermont not to be a part of the United States . Privileges that
3969-412: Was willing to negotiate directly with them and to bypass France and Spain, and British Prime Minister Lord Shelburne agreed. In charge of the British negotiations, some of which took place in his study at Lansdowne House , now a bar in the Lansdowne Club , Shelburne now saw a chance to split the United States from France and to establish the new nation as a valuable economic partner. The terms were that
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