59-474: Treasury Building may refer to: Treasury Building, Adelaide, in Victoria Square, Adelaide Treasury Building, Brisbane , Australia Old Treasury Building, Melbourne , Australia Treasury Building, Sydney , Australia Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.) , United States Treasury Building (Dublin) , Republic of Ireland Topics referred to by
118-519: A dialect of the Kadli language, along with Ngadjuri , Narungga , and Nukunu , and "Nantuwara", with kadli meaning "dog" in these varieties. However this name has not gained wide acceptance and is not recorded as a language in the AIATSIS AUSTLANG database. Luise Hercus and J. Simpson (2002, 2006) classify Kaurna as within the subgroup of Thura-Yura languages . The name "Kaurna"
177-570: A Kaurna language program was introduced into Kaurna Plains School in 1992. Elizabeth City High School and Elizabeth West Adult Campus introduced the teaching of the language in 1994, and other schools have followed suit. TAFE courses to train Kaurna language teachers were developed by Mary-Anne Gale. Kaurna linguistics courses have been taught at the University of Adelaide since 1997. and both Kaurna and non-Kaurna have been studying and speaking
236-474: A design viewed in England in 1893. It was cast by Moore & Co. of Thames Ditton using bronze specifically made from Wallaroo and Moonta copper. Inscribed simply with "Victoria R.I.", the statue was originally unveiled by Lady Smith on 11 August 1894. The statue was symbolically draped in black as a sign of mourning following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901. For many years a wreath laying ceremony
295-416: A federal government grant, is under way to revise the spellings. Amery has been overseeing much of the work. It is intended that the final version will be released in print and in electronic form, including a phone app . In 2021, a printed Kaurna dictionary was published, as well as a Ngarrindjeri one. Amery and his wife, Ngarrindjeri linguist Mary-Anne Gale, have helped to drive the project. There has been
354-547: A growing number of Kaurna speakers in the 21st century. The first students of courses specially tailored to the teaching of Aboriginal language , run by Tauondi Aboriginal College in Port Adelaide , enabling those who have learnt the language to pass on their skills to communities, graduated in July 2021. With the teachers and students often in the older age group, by July 2022 two of the first graduates had died. There
413-476: A loop in an anti-clockwise direction in the south-western corner. As part of the rebuilding of the square, in December 1966 the tram terminus was relocated near the centre of the square with Grote and Wakefield Streets to the north and Gouger and Angas Streets to the south. The layout remained unchanged until 1967 when the square assumed its present diamond form. The Three Rivers Fountain by John Dowie
472-751: A progressive system of taxation, he was also one of the main architects of the White Australia policy . After the Black Lives Matter gained pace in June 2020, with various statues representing slave traders and various perpetrators of racism being removed or defaced both in the US and in the UK during the George Floyd protests , archaeologist and historian Jacinta Koolmatrie argued it is ironic that
531-586: A second name, Tarndanyangga (later amended to Tarntanyangga), in the Kaurna language of the original inhabitants, as part of the Adelaide City Council 's dual naming initiative. The square has been upgraded and modified several times through its lifetime. It has become a tradition that during the Christmas period a 24.5-metre (80 ft) tall Christmas tree is erected in the northern part of
590-488: A sketch grammar , hundreds of phrases and sentences along with English translations, traditional songlines , and textual illustrations of differences among dialects. They also created Kaurna translations of six German hymns as well as the Ten Commandments . Other Europeans such as William Wyatt , William Williams , William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse were interested in the people and learnt some of
649-480: Is a location, implying "in, at or on", which is often used in Kaurna place names. Many quarries were built on the southern bank of the Torrens, and Tarnta Kanya probably referred to one or more rock formations which were quarried, providing much of the stone for the large early buildings on North Terrace . Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga is still considered an important meeting place for Aboriginal Australians . It
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#1732766248132708-413: Is a need for more funding and more teachers. Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi (meaning "creating Kaurna language") is a group developing and promoting the recovery of the Kaurna language. It was established in 2002 by two Kaurna elders , Lewis Yerloburka O'Brien and Alitya Wallara Rigney , and linguist Robert Amery . The group now includes other Kaurna people, teachers, linguists and language enthusiasts. It
767-465: Is a table of some of these cases. Kaurna has 3 numbers: singular , dual (-rla, -dla) and plural (-rna). Efforts to reintroduce Kaurna names, beginning in 1980 with the naming of Warriappendi School, in 1980 by Auntie Leila Rankine , have been made within the public domain. Since the Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi, to cover
826-537: Is available on the Council website. Between 1980 and 2012, around 1000 entities were assigned Kaurna names, including people, pets, organisations, buildings, parks, walking trails, an allele (a hereditary gene or chromosome), brand names, and the Kari Munaintya tram and Tindo solar bus. Some place names are known from historical sources, but not officially used as yet, such as Patpangga ( Rapid Bay ) "in
885-461: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Victoria Square, Adelaide Victoria Square , also known as Tarntanyangga (formerly Tarndanyangga ) ( Kaurna pronunciation: [ˈd̪̥aɳɖaɲaŋɡa] ), is the central square of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre , South Australia . It is one of six squares designed by
944-404: Is managed by the Kaurna people. Kaurna had not been spoken as a native language since the Kaurna people had been pushed out of their traditional lands since the colonisation of South Australia in the 19th century, with the population in decline due to various factors. Ivaritji ( c. 1849 – 1929) was the last known speaker, but it was probably last only widely spoken in the early 1860s. In
1003-569: Is situated in Victoria Square and was heritage listed on 8 March 2013. Sculpted by John White , it was unveiled on 4 June 1904 by Alexander McLachlan , who as chief of the South Australian Caledonian Society led fundraising efforts for its erection. Stuart led the first expedition to successfully cross the continent from north to south and back. This opened Central Australia for pastoral use and led to
1062-602: Is the focus for many political and community-based Indigenous events, such as the National Sorry Day commemoration held by Journey of Healing (SA) on 26 May each year. Each year during NAIDOC Week in July, there is a "family fun day" held at the square and a march to Parliament House. The Australian Aboriginal flag was flown at Victoria Square for the first time in the country at a land rights rally in Victoria Square in Adelaide on 9 July 1971. On 8 July 2002
1121-486: The Aboriginal people and the square, as a centre for the surrounding area, stretches back many centuries, to a time when Tarndanya (Red Kangaroo Dreaming) people gathered there for special ceremonies and dances. Tarndanyangga was the "headquarters" or central camp of the "Dundagunya tribe", a community numbering in the thousands. During the 1960s the Aboriginal community renewed its activities in Victoria Square, with
1180-556: The Adelaide Botanic Garden . Other work on the square included construction of an east–west roadway that created two garden areas. A fountain was also considered, but it took a further 100 years for this idea to come to fruition. By 1883, plans were under way to extend King William Street directly through Victoria Square, dividing it into four garden areas. The original wooden fence was replaced by ornate iron railings. A statue of Queen Victoria – who had ascended to
1239-549: The Adelaide Central Market , the Hilton hotel, and the offices of various consultants, law firms and insurance companies. King William Street passes through the centre of the square from north to south, creating a diamond shape, with the southbound carriageway passing through the east side, and the northbound carriageway passing through the west side of the square. The square is bisected on its east–west axis by
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#17327662481321298-660: The Adelaide City Council endorsed the permanent flying of the flag, which now flies adjacent to the Australian flag . Victoria Square is in the centre of the city's grid plan , designed by William Light. It is bordered by numerous public institutions at its north and south ends, including the Supreme Court of South Australia , the Adelaide Magistrates' Court , the Federal Court of Australia ,
1357-630: The Australian flag on one of the two tall flagpoles in the centre of the square. In 2002, the Adelaide City Council formally recognised the areas heritage by bestowing the dual name Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga. The old tram depot at the square was also demolished, so was the old SAPOL Headquarters. An SA Water office building was built in its place. In 2012 the Adelaide City Council endorsed $ 24 million in funding to begin rejuvenating Victoria Square. Construction commenced in March 2013 and
1416-668: The city centre and North Adelaide , including the five public squares and Adelaide park lands . Victoria Square , in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as Tarntanyangga , all 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri . The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. Others include Piltawodli (now Pirltawardli ), " brushtail possum home"; Warriparringga ( Warriparinga ) "windy river place". The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations,
1475-532: The 1980s, Kaurna people who had moved back into the Adelaide Plains area began to learn and use their language again. Robert Amery , head of Linguistics at the University of Adelaide , who has devoted much of his life and career to Indigenous languages, in particular Kaurna: "After more than 25 years of painstaking effort, there are now several Kaurna people who can conduct a conversation in Kaurna without resorting to English too quickly, and we are seeing
1534-634: The Kaurna people while the language was dormant. The Kaurna Warra Karrpanthi Aboriginal Corporation (KWK) was registered in 2013 to support the reclamation and promotion of the language of the Kaurna nation, including training and teaching. In 2022 a dictionary written by Rob Amery and co-authors Susie Greenwood and Jasmin Morley was published. It includes not only the words included on the handwritten lists made by Teichelmann and Schürmann 160 years earlier, but also 4,000 new words that were created in consultation with local elders and Kaurna speakers. The cover
1593-625: The South Australian government's successful case for control over the Northern Territory . The route of his expedition also paved the way for the Overland Telegraph , which permitted virtually immediate communication between Australia and Europe. A statue of explorer Charles Sturt stands in Victoria Square. Sturt is depicted in the working clothes of an outback explorer, leaning forward, shielding his eyes from
1652-546: The area bounded by Crystal Brook and Clare in the north, Cape Jervis in the south, and just over the Mount Lofty Ranges . Kaurna ceased to be spoken on an everyday basis in the 19th century and the last known native speaker, Ivaritji , died in 1929. Language revival efforts began in the 1980s, with the language now frequently used for ceremonial purposes, such as dual naming and welcome to country ceremonies. Robert M. W. Dixon (2002) classified Kaurna as
1711-568: The area in front of what was then the central Police Station, (and is now the Commonwealth Law Courts building), becoming a social and gathering point. In 1837, the first Surveyor General of South Australia , Colonel William Light , mapped a plan for the City of Adelaide . The design incorporated a central square to function as Adelaide's focal point and provide open space for recreational activities. On his first map, Light called
1770-405: The colonists as "King John"), was one of Lutheran missionaries Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann 's main sources. Encounter Bay Bob , as his name suggests, came from Encounter Bay (Victor Harbor) and was most likely a fully initiated elder Ramindjeri man. Thus "Meyunna" is probably an endonym and would linguistically be preferable as the name for this language group, as suggested in
1829-490: The exception of ⟨rd⟩ /ɾ/ . Pre-stopped consonants are preceded by ⟨d⟩ . Below are the consonants of Kaurna (Amery, R & Simpson, J 2013 ). Kaurna places primary stress on the first syllable. Kaurna has relatively free word order . Kaurna uses a range of suffixed case markers to convey information including subjects, objects, spacio-temporal state and other such information. These sometimes have variations in pronunciation and spelling. Below
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1888-508: The first of two planned stages (the northern half) was completed in February 2014. The planned redevelopment of the southern half has been held up due to lack of funding. The full development included: Located in the centre of the square is a statue honouring Queen Victoria from a model by C. B. Birch , unveiled in 1894. The statue was presented to the city by Sir Edwin Smith , based on
1947-459: The first semi-native speakers of Kaurna emerging". Kaurna is now frequently used to give Welcomes to Country . Sustained efforts to revive the language in from 1989 included the writing of several Kaurna songs originally written in the Ngarrindjeri , Narungga and Kaurna languages. A second songbook, Kaurna Paltinna , was published in 1999. Following one-off workshops in 1990 and 1991,
2006-682: The first wordlist of the language, containing 168 words, after calling in at the Gulf St Vincent en route to Western Australia in 1826, before the colony of South Australia had been established. His sources were listed as Harry and Sally. Schürmann and Teichelmann, who ran a school at Piltawodli , gained most of their knowledge of the language from three respected elders : Mullawirraburka ("King John" / "Onkaparinga Jack"), Kadlitpinna ("Captain Jack") and Ityamaiitpinna ("[King Rodney"). The two missionaries recorded around about 3000 words,
2065-607: The founder of Adelaide, Colonel William Light , who was Surveyor-General at the time, in his 1837 plan of the City of Adelaide which spanned the River Torrens Valley, comprising the city centre (South Adelaide) and North Adelaide . The square was named on 23 May 1837 by the Street Naming Committee after Princess Victoria , then heir presumptive of the British throne. In 2003, it was assigned
2124-873: The historic old Treasury building (now a hotel run by the Adina hotel chain) and the former Adelaide General Post Office . On the eastern side is the Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of St Francis Xavier , the SA Water headquarters, State Government offices, including the office of the Premier, and the Torrens Building , which houses the Carnegie Mellon University . The west side of the square contains more commercially oriented buildings, including an entrance to
2183-404: The language. The records, including an extensive vocabulary and grammar, compiled by Teichelmann and Schürmann in the 1840s have proven valuable in projects to reconstruct the language. The Kaurna Learners' Guide ( Kulurdu Marni Ngathaitya ) was published in 2013, and Kaurna radio shows have been broadcast since 2012. The Kaurna Dictionary Project at the University of Adelaide , funded by
2242-670: The language; several wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. Williams created a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in The South Australian Colonist on 14 July 1840. His work entitled A vocabulary of the language of the Aborigines of the Adelaide district, and other friendly tribes, of the Province of South Australia
2301-663: The mid-1990s. However, they are now universally known as the Kaurna people. Library of Congress Subject Headings gives the following variant names (all followed by "language"): Adelaide; Coorna; Gauna; Gaurna; Gawurna; Kaura; Kawurna. The Endangered Languages Project names the following alternatives: Kaura, Coorna, Koornawarra, Nganawara, Kurumidlanta, Milipitingara, Widninga, Winnaynie, Meyu, Winaini, Winnay-nie, Wakanuwan, Adelaide tribe, Warra, Warrah, Karnuwarra, Jaitjawar:a, Padnaindi, Padnayndie, Medaindi, Medain-die, Merildekald, Merelde, Gaurna, Nantuwara, Nantuwaru, Meljurna, Midlanta. French explorer Joseph Paul Gaimard recorded
2360-487: The northern end of the square, it was unveiled and first set in operation by the Duke of Edinburgh on 28 May 1968. It was later relocated to the southern end, and was officially reopened by then Lord Mayor , Stephen Yarwood , in July 2014. Sculptured by John Dowie , the centrepiece in the shape of a crown represents the royal visit, and the fountain represents the three rivers that Adelaide draws water from: The fountain
2419-575: The northwestern side, facing down Grote Street towards his West Adelaide electorate. It was unveiled on 26 May 1916, during World War I. It was later criticised as capturing "little of his fire". While Kingston was instrumental in bringing about several progressive social policies, such as electoral reform (including the first law to give votes to women in Australia), a legitimation Act, the first conciliation and arbitration act in Australia, and
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2478-467: The precinct "The Great Square". It was eventually named in honour of Princess Victoria , then heir to the British throne . The square was a dusty, treeless paddock until 1854, when the Adelaide City Council embarked on a planting program, constructed four broad diagonal pedestrian paths and erected a wooden fence. The landscaping work was designed by George William Francis , later the first director of
2537-431: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Treasury Building . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treasury_Building&oldid=1191960109 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2596-543: The section of road (technically part of the square) that connects Wakefield Street (entering from the east) with Grote Street (to the west). A tram stop (formerly the terminus ) for the Glenelg tram line is just south of the Queen Victoria statue; it was shifted from the centre to the western edge of the square in 2007, as part of the extension that was made to the tram line around that time. The link between
2655-602: The south"; Pattawilyangga (Patawalonga, Glenelg ) "swamp gum foliage"; and Yertabulti ( Port Adelaide ). Public artworks, beginning in 1995 with the Yerrakartarta installation outside the Intercontinental Hotel on North Terrace, Adelaide , have also incorporated words, phrases and text drawn from the Kaurna language, and the universities and other organisations have also taken on Kaurna names. The Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute uses
2714-620: The square. The square was first named "Victoria Square" on 23 May 1837 by the Street Naming Committee, in honour of the then Princess Victoria. In line with the Adelaide City Council's recognition of Kaurna country, the square was officially referred to as Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga from 2002, modified to Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga by 2013, when Stage 1 of a major upgrade was done. The name "Tarndanya", sometimes recorded as "Dharnda anya" (or variant spelling) by colonial sources, means "red kangaroo rock" and
2773-683: The statue is placed so close to the Aboriginal flag in the square, which was also the site of the Adelaide Black Lives Matter protest. Victoria Square is also the location of a stop on the Glenelg tram line . Kaurna language Kaurna ( / ˈ ɡ ɑːr n ə / or / ˈ ɡ aʊ n ə / ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia . The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own parnkarra district of land and local dialect. These dialects were historically spoken in
2832-401: The sun with his right hand and peering into the distance. He carries a compass, telescope, map and water bottle. A statue of Charles Kingston , son of George Strickland Kingston and SA premier from 1893 to 1899, stands in the square with a plaque reading "patriot and statesman". British sculptor Alfred Drury was commissioned to create the statue, and it was placed in a central location on
2891-469: The throne in June 1837 – was erected in the centre of the square in 1894. The statue of Colonel Light, now known as Light's Vision and since 1938 situated on Montefiore Hill , was unveiled on 27 November 1906 in its original location at the northern end of Victoria Square. The original tram terminus was located outside the Charles Moore & Company department store with services operating via
2950-498: The vowel. Historically, Kaurna has had ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ used varyingly in older versions of its orthography, but these are not reflected in the phonology of the language. The consonant inventory of Kaurna is similar to that of other Pama-Nyungan languages (compare with Adnyamathanha , in the same Thura-Yura grouping). In the orthography, dental consonants are followed by ⟨h⟩ and palatals by ⟨y⟩ , and retroflex consonants are preceded by ⟨r⟩ , with
3009-650: Was heritage-listed as a state heritage place in 2012. Located at the northern end of the square, the State Survey Mark commemorates the placing of the first peg for the survey of the City of Adelaide by Colonel Light on 11 January 1837. This survey mark is the reference point for all other survey marks in South Australia . The mark was unveiled on 21 April 1989, along with a commemorative plaque, by Susan Lenehan , then Minister of Lands. The east–west road connecting Grote and Wakefield Streets
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#17327662481323068-510: Was built to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , in 1968. The three South Australian rivers, the Murray , Onkaparinga and Torrens , are represented by an Aboriginal male with an Ibis , a female with a heron , and a female with a black swan . On 12 July 1971, the red, black and yellow Aboriginal flag designed by Harold Thomas was flown for the first time – in Victoria Square. It now flies permanently alongside
3127-670: Was created from a series of workshops funded by a University of Adelaide grant in 2000, and is hosted by the department of linguistics at the University of Adelaide. KWP-run language classes through both the Kaurna Plains School and the university. KWP has created a uniform dialect of the language, making new words such as mukarntu ( mukamuka brain + karntu lightning), meaning "computer", and other words for things such as modern appliances, transportation, cuisine, and other common features of life that have changed for
3186-461: Was designed by Kaurna artist Katrina Karlapina Power. Entitled Kaurna Warrapiipa, Kaurna Dictionary , the dictionary contains translations both ways (Kaurna and English ). and is published by Wakefield Press . Kaurna has three different vowels with contrastive long and short lengths (a, i, u, a:, i:, u:), and three diphthongs (ai, au, ui). The three main vowels are represented by ⟨a⟩, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ respectively, with long vowels indicated by doubling
3245-452: Was held at the foot of the statue each 24 May (or 23rd when the 24th was a Saturday), the anniversary of her birth in 1819. It was removed, cleaned and polished in May 2013 as part of the upgrade of Victoria Square and returned in December 2013 in a modified location. The Three Rivers Fountain was erected to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Adelaide in February 1963. Located at
3304-707: Was named Reconciliation Plaza in 2013. The plaza hosts two flagpoles flying the Australian National Flag and the Aboriginal flag , which has flown permanently in the square since 2002. In 1971, the square was the first place the Aboriginal flag was flown, at a land rights rally (see Dual naming , above). Reconciliation Plaza was officially opened on 26 May 2014 by Mayor Yarwood, Reconciliation Committee Chairperson Yvonne Agius and Journey of Healing SA Chairperson John Browne. A monument to John McDouall Stuart , one of Australia's premier explorers,
3363-483: Was not widely used until popularised by South Australian Museum Ethnographer Norman B. Tindale in the 1920s. The term "Kaurna" was first recorded by Missionary Surgeon William Wyatt (1879: 24) for "Encounter Bay Bob's Tribe". At the same time he recorded "Meeyurna" for " Onkaparinga Jack 's Tribe". Kaurna most likely derives from kornar , the word for "people" in the neighbouring Ramindjeri/ Ngarrindjeri language . Mullawirraburka (Onkaparinga Jack, also known to
3422-417: Was reportedly the name used by the Kaurna people for "the site of South Adelaide" or the central-South Adelaide area; the local people whose central camp had been "in or near Victoria Square" were called the "Dundagunya tribe" by colonial sources. Tarndanyangga/Tarntanyangga is derived from the Kaurna word for "red kangaroo" – tarnta ( tarnda ) – and that for "rock" – kanya . The ending " -ngga " means it
3481-498: Was self-published in 1839, to be sold in London as well as Adelaide. Others who recorded some knowledge of Kaurna included James Cronk, Walter Bromley , George Augustus Robinson , Hermann Koeler, Louis Piesse, Edward Stephens and James Chittleborough. In the 19th century, there was also a Kaurna-based pidgin used as a contact language. The former range of the language was mapped by Norman Tindale and later Robert Amery , and
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