Misplaced Pages

#407592

23-567: The source of the Soča River and the settlements of Soča , Lepena , and Trenta are located in the Trenta Valley. The Vršič Pass connects the valley with Upper Carniola to the east. The Soča flows generally southwest through the valley and then onwards to Bovec . The name Trenta is of Friulian origin and was borrowed into Slovene. The name developed from *Tridenta , meaning 'three-tooth' or 'divided into three teeth'. This reflects

46-423: A location for the 2008 Disney film Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian . The river is also well known for the marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus ); this species is native to rivers of the northern Adriatic basin, and it lives in the upper course of the river. This species is endangered due to the introduction of other non-indigenous trout species sometime between World War I and World War II. The Soca Valley

69-433: A million Austro-Hungarian and Italian soldiers lost their lives. The Isonzo campaign comprised the following battles: 45°59′40″N 13°38′29″E  /  45.99444°N 13.64139°E  / 45.99444; 13.64139 Avulsion (river) In sedimentary geology and fluvial geomorphology , avulsion is the rapid abandonment of a river channel and the formation of a new river channel. Avulsions occur as

92-426: A result of channel slopes that are much less steep than the slope that the river could travel if it took a new course. Avulsions are common in river deltas , where sediment deposits as the river enters the ocean and channel gradients are typically very small. This process is also known as delta switching . Deposition from the river results in the formation of an individual deltaic lobe that pushes out into

115-477: A river delta. When the channel does this, some of its flow can remain in the abandoned channel. When these channel switching events happen repeatedly over time, a mature delta will gain a distributary network. Subsidence of the delta and/or sea-level rise can further cause backwater and deposition in the delta. This deposition fills the channels and leaves a geologic record of channel avulsion in sedimentary basins . On average, an avulsion will occur every time

138-487: A shallowly-sloping pool that overtopped a sand and gravel quarry, connected with a downstream section of channel, and cut a new shorter channel at 25–50 meters per hour. Sediment mobilised by this erosional avulsion produced a depositionally-forced meander cutoff further downstream by superelevating the bed around the meander bend to nearly the level of the floodplain. Another example is the Cheslatta River , once

161-600: A small tributary of the Nechako River in British Columbia . In the 1950s the Cheslatta River was made to be the spillway of the then new Nechako Reservoir . The discharge of the spills far exceeds the original flow of the Cheslatta River, which has resulted in major erosion in the upper Cheslatta valley, with the scoured sediment being deposited in the lower valley. Large reservoir spills caused

184-558: Is a 138-kilometre (86 mi) long river that flows through western Slovenia (96 kilometres or 60 miles) and northeastern Italy (43 kilometres or 27 miles). An Alpine river in character, its source lies in the Trenta Valley in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, at an elevation of 876 metres (2,874 ft). The river runs past the towns of Bovec , Kobarid , Tolmin , Kanal ob Soči , Nova Gorica (where it

207-789: Is a popular tourist destination due to its numerous natural attractions, including the Big Soča Gorge ( Velika korita Soče ), the Little Soča Gorge ( Mala korita Soče ), Kozjak Falls, Virje Falls, and the Tolmin Gorges ( Tolminska korita ). The valley was the stage of major military operations including the twelve battles of the Isonzo on the Italian front in World War I between May 1915 and November 1917, in which over half

230-667: Is crossed by the Solkan Bridge ), and Gorizia , entering the Adriatic Sea close to the town of Monfalcone . It has a nival-pluvial regime in its upper course and pluvial-nival in its lower course. Prior to the First World War , the river ran parallel to the border between Kingdom of Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . During World War I, it was the scene of bitter fighting between

253-499: Is probably based on the substrate name *Aisontia , presumably derived from the PIE root * Hei̯s- 'swift, rushing', referring to a quickly moving river. Another possible origin is the pre-Romance root * ai̯s- 'water, river'. The present course of the river is the result of several dramatic changes that occurred during the past 2,000 years. According to the Roman historian Strabo ,

SECTION 10

#1732773078408

276-400: The floodplain . This will make it easier for the river to breach its levees and cut a new channel that enters the ocean at a steeper slope. When this avulsion occurs, the new channel carries sediment out to the ocean, building a new deltaic lobe. The abandoned delta eventually subsides. This process is also related to the distributary network of river channels that can be observed within

299-427: The bed of a river channel aggrades enough that the river channel is superelevated above the floodplain by one channel-depth. In this situation, enough hydraulic head is available that any breach of the natural levees will result in an avulsion. Rivers can also avulse due to the erosion of a new channel that creates a straighter path through the landscape. This can happen during large floods in situations in which

322-734: The geography because the valley splits into the Soča and Zadnjica valleys, and the latter is soon split again by White Creek ( Beli Potok ), creating three closely spaced summits. 46°23′22″N 13°44′47″E  /  46.3894°N 13.7465°E  / 46.3894; 13.7465 This Slovenian geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . So%C4%8Da Soča ( Slovene: [ˈsoːtʃa] , in Slovene ) or Isonzo ( Italian: [iˈzontso] , in Italian ; other names: Friulian : Lusinç ; German : Sontig ; Latin : Aesontius or Isontius )

345-535: The lower Cheslatta River to avulse in 1961 and again in 1972, carving a new route to the Nechako River and depositing a fan of sediment called the Cheslatta Fan in the Nechako River. After 1972 a cofferdam was built to restore the river to its original course. An example of a minor avulsion is known as a meander cutoff , when a pronounced meander (hook) in a river is breached by a flow that connects

368-422: The most direct course downslope. If the river could breach its natural levees (i.e., during a flood ), it would spill out onto a new course with a shorter route to the ocean, thereby obtaining a more stable steeper slope. Second, as its slope is reduced, the amount of shear stress on the bed will decrease, resulting in deposition of more sediment within the channel and thus raising of the channel bed relative to

391-607: The new watercourse into the bed of the lower Natisone. During the next centuries the estuary of this new river—the Soča—;moved eastward until it captured the short coastal Sdobba River, through which the Isonzo now discharges into the Adriatic Sea. The former estuary (of the Aesontius, and the early Isonzo) in the newly formed lagoon of Grado became an independent coastal rivulet. Due to its emerald -green water,

414-423: The river is marketed as "The Emerald Beauty." It is said to be one of the rare rivers in the world that retain such a colour throughout their length. Giuseppe Ungaretti , one of the greatest Italian poets, describes the Isonzo in the poem "The Rivers". The river inspired the poet Simon Gregorčič to write his best-known poem Soči ( To the Soča ), one of the masterpieces of Slovene poetry. This region served as

437-762: The river named Aesontius, which in Roman times flowed past Aquileia to the Adriatic Sea, was essentially the Natisone and Torre River system. In 585, a landslide cut off the upper part of the Natisone riverbed, causing its avulsion and subsequent stream capture by the Bontius River. The original subterranean discharge of the Bontius into the Timavo River became obstructed, and another avulsion returned

460-495: The sea. An example of a deltaic lobe is the bird's-foot delta of the Mississippi River , pictured at right with its sediment plumes. As the deltaic lobe advances, the slope of the river channel becomes lower, as the river channel is longer but has the same change in elevation. As the slope of the river channel decreases, it becomes unstable for two reasons. First, water under the force of gravity will tend to flow in

483-575: The slope of the new channel is significantly greater than that of the old channel. Where the new channel's slope is about the same as the old channel's slope, a partial avulsion will occur in which both channels are occupied by flow. An example of an erosional avulsion is the 2006 avulsion of the Suncook River in New Hampshire , in which heavy rains caused flow levels to rise. The river level backed up behind an old mill dam, which produced

SECTION 20

#1732773078408

506-423: The two closest parts of the hook to form a new channel. This occurs when the ratio between the channel slope and the potential slope after an avulsion is less than about 1/5. Avulsion typically occurs during large floods which carry the power necessary to rapidly change the landscape. Dam removal could also lead to avulsion. Avulsions usually occur as a downstream to upstream process via head cutting erosion . If

529-621: The two countries, culminating in the Battle of Caporetto in October and November 1917. The river was recorded in antiquity as Aesontius , Sontius , and Isontius . Later attestations include super Sontium (in 507–11), a flumine Isontio (1028), in Lisonçum (1261), an die Ysnicz (1401), and an der Snicz (ca. 1440). The Slovene name Soča is derived from the form *Sǫťa , which was borrowed from Latin (and Romance) Sontius . In turn, this

#407592