190-764: Randolph Severn " Trey " Parker III (born October 19, 1969) is an American actor, animator, writer, producer, director, and musician. He is best known for co-creating South Park (since 1997) and The Book of Mormon (2011) with his creative partner Matt Stone . Parker was interested in film and music as a child and at high school and attended the University of Colorado Boulder , where he met Stone. The two collaborated on various short films and co-starred in Parker’s feature-length musical Cannibal! The Musical (1993). Parker and Stone moved to Los Angeles, and Parker made his second feature-length film Orgazmo (1997). Before
380-628: A Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album . The production has since expanded to two national tours, a Chicago production, UK production, and as of 2014 Parker and Stone had confirmed that a film adaption was in pre-production. With sufficient funds from their work on South Park and The Book of Mormon , the duo announced plans to create their own production studio, Important Studios, in January 2013. The studio will approve projects ranging from films to television to theatre. On April 13, 2016, Universal Pictures announced Trey Parker would voice
570-595: A Grammy Award for The Book of Mormon , and an Academy Award nomination for the song " Blame Canada " from the South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut movie, co-written with Marc Shaiman . Parker was born in Conifer, Colorado , the son of insurance saleswoman Sharon and geologist Randolph "Randy" Parker II. He was a shy child who received "decent" grades and was involved in honors classes. He idolized Monty Python , which he began watching on television in
760-417: A creative consultant and co-producer. After exchanging ideas, Parker will write a script, and from there the entire team of animators, editors, technicians, and sound engineers will each typically work 100–120 hours in the ensuing week. Since the show's fourth season (2000), Parker has assumed most of the show's directorial duties, while Stone relinquished his share of the directing to focus on handling
950-463: A $ 900 million deal with Paramount Global to make six additional seasons of South Park and 14 movies in the South Park universe for streaming. In September 2021, Parker and Stone reached an agreement to purchase Casa Bonita for $ 3.1 million. A group named "Save Casa Bonita" filed an objection to Parker and Stone's purchase, pointing out that they had in fact made an offer first. Their objection
1140-574: A Japanese porn company called Kuki, who wanted to feature its performers in mainstream Western media. Independent distributor October Films purchased the rights to the film for one million dollars after its screening at the Toronto International Film Festival . The film received an NC-17 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America , which resulted in the poor box office performance of
1330-706: A September 2006 edition of the ABC News program Nightline , Parker expressed his views on religion, stating that he believes in "a God " and that "there is knowledge that humanity does not yet possess" while cautioning that it would take a long time to explain exactly what he meant by his belief in God. Parker believes all religions are "silly". He stated: "All the religions are super funny to me... The story of Jesus makes no sense to me. God sent His only Son. Why could God only have one son and why would He have to die? It's just bad writing, really. And it's really terrible in about
1520-450: A career in film and music. He made short films on the weekends with a group of friends, beginning when he was 14. His father had purchased him a video camera and the group continued making films until graduation. He became interested in pursuing music at 17, but only comedy-centered songs; he wrote and recorded a full-length comedy album, Immature: A Collection of Love Ballads For The '80's Man , with friend David Goodman during this time. As
1710-670: A colossal bronze statue of the Buddha Vairocana in the Tōdai-ji temple. Wood has traditionally been used as the chief material in Japan, along with traditional Japanese architecture. Statues are often lacquered , gilded , or brightly painted, although there are commonly few traces of this on the surface. Bronze and other metals are generally not used. Other materials, such as stone and pottery , have had extremely important roles in traditional sculpture. The music of Japan includes
1900-760: A combination of three scripts: Chinese characters pronounced as " kanji " ( 漢字 ) in Japanese, hiragana , and katakana . Japan had no writing system prior to adopting kanji from China in 751 CE, and like Chinese, kanji are used extensively in Japanese as logograms . Presently, there is a notable number of kanji in modern Japanese with a different meaning from the corresponding hanzi character used in modern Chinese. Modern Japanese also features far fewer simplified Chinese characters in comparison to modern Chinese as Japanese typically uses fewer kanji, mainly for nouns , adjective stems, and verb stems. Both hiragana and katakana are phonetic syllabaries derived from
2090-587: A construction paper animation technique on American History (1992), a short film made for his college animation class. It became an unexpected sensation, resulting in Parker's first award—a Student Academy Award. Parker recalled sitting in the auditorium in front of students from animation schools such as CalArts , saying, "And there are all these Cal Arts kids behind me who had submitted these beautiful watercolor and pencil things. And here's my shitty construction-paper thing, which makes South Park look like Disney , by
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#17327811136612280-464: A creative and critical success. Parker believed the show would not have survived after the September 11 attacks anyway, and Stone agreed, saying the show would not "play well". During this time, the duo also signed a deal with Shockwave.com to produce 39 animated online shorts, in which they would retain full artistic control; the result, Princess , was rejected after only two episodes. In 2002,
2470-470: A digital audio tape while a director gave directions over the phone, after which the tape would be shipped to the show's production studio in California. After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of Chef was killed off in the season 10 (2006) premiere " The Return of Chef ". Celebrities who are depicted on the show are usually impersonated, though some celebrities do their own voices for
2660-674: A dual-structure model, in which Japanese populations are descendants of the indigenous Jōmon people and later arrivals of people from the East Eurasian continent, known as the Yayoi people . Japan's indigenous culture originates primarily from the Yayoi people who settled in Japan between 1000 BCE and 300 CE. Yayoi culture spread to the main island of Honshu , mixing with the native Jōmon culture. Modern Japanese have an estimated 80% Yayoi and 20% Jōmon ancestry. The second hypothesis proposes
2850-435: A face reminiscent of the show's traditional style. Canadians on the show are often portrayed in an even more minimalist fashion; they have simple beady eyes, and the top halves of their heads simply flap up and down when the characters speak. When the show began using computers, the cardboard cutouts were scanned and re-drawn with CorelDRAW , then imported into PowerAnimator , which was used with SGI workstations to animate
3040-471: A fair amount of publicity and critical notice, according to Stone and Parker, the cost per episode was too high, "about $ 1 million an episode." Comedy Central officially cancelled the series in August 2001 as a cost-cutting move; Stone was quoted as saying "A super-expensive show on a small cable network...the economics of it were just not going to work." Comedy Central continued the show in reruns, considering it
3230-483: A fan of South Park and creator of the puppet musical Avenue Q , met with the duo after a performance of the musical, where they conceived the idea. The musical, titled The Book of Mormon: The Musical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , was worked on over a period of several years; working around their South Park schedule, they flew between New York City and Los Angeles often, first writing songs for
3420-413: A feature film out of the experience of making that movie because it was just two dudes from college suddenly directing Steven Spielberg," Parker later remarked, noting that the experience was difficult for the two. During the time between shooting the pilots for Time Warped , Parker penned the script for a film titled Orgazmo , which later entered production. Half of the budget for the picture came from
3610-540: A few days' time. Each episode used to cost $ 250,000. Scripts are not written before a season begins. Production of an episode begins on a Thursday, with the show's writing consultants brainstorming with Parker and Stone. Former staff writers include Pam Brady , who has since written scripts for the films Hot Rod , Hamlet 2 and Team America: World Police (with Parker and Stone), and Nancy Pimental , who served as co-host of Win Ben Stein's Money and wrote
3800-455: A few staff members voice recurring characters. Supervising producer Jennifer Howell voices student Bebe Stevens ; co-producer and storyboard artist Adrien Beard voices Tolkien Black , who was the school's only African-American student until the introduction of Nichole in " Cartman Finds Love "; writing consultant Vernon Chatman voices an anthropomorphic towel named Towelie ; and production supervisor John Hansen voices Mr. Slave ,
3990-512: A fictional Colorado town in the real-life South Park basin. Fox eagerly agreed to meet with the duo about the show's premise, having prided itself on edgier products such as Cops , The Simpsons , and The X-Files . However, during the meeting at the Fox office in Century City , disagreements between the two creators and the network began to arise, mainly over the latter's refusal to air
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#17327811136614180-562: A funnier show. The schedule also allows South Park to both stay more topical and respond more quickly to specific current events than other satiric animated shows. One of the earliest examples of this was in the season four (2000) episode " Quintuplets 2000 ", which references the United States Border Patrol 's raid of a house during the Elián González affair , an event which occurred only four days before
4370-416: A funnier show. Although initial reviews for the show were negative in reference to its crass humor, the series has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards , a Peabody Award , and numerous inclusions in various publications' lists of greatest television shows. Though its viewership is lower than it was at the height of its popularity in its earliest seasons, South Park remains one of
4560-541: A humorous character, had an older origin, in 8th century entertainment brought from China, developing itself in sarugaku . In kyōgen , masks are rarely used and even if the plays can be associated with the ones of noh, currently many are not. Kabuki appears in the beginning of the Edo period from the representations and dances of Izumo no Okuni in Kyoto. Due to concerns over the number of actresses engaged in selling sex,
4750-412: A mere three days prior to the episode airing. The season 12 (2008) episode " About Last Night... " revolves around Barack Obama 's victory in the 2008 presidential election , and aired less than 24 hours after Obama was declared the winner, using segments of dialogue from Obama's real victory speech. On October 16, 2013, the show failed to meet their production deadline for the first time ever, after
4940-424: A number of theories about the origins of Japanese, the strongest arguments for affiliation are with Korean on the basis of similar syntax. More controversially, it has also been paired with Altaic languages due to a similar number of systems and verb forms. While Japanese is the only official language of Japan, other languages such as Ainu and Ryukyuan are spoken on the Japanese islands. Written Japanese uses
5130-515: A party the night of the election with the writers, with intentions to begin writing the following Monday and shooting the show in January 2001 with the inauguration. With the confusion of whom the President would be , the show's production was pushed back. The show was filmed at Sony Pictures Studios , and was the first time Parker and Stone shot a show on a production lot. Although That's My Bush! , which ran between April and May 2001, received
5320-401: A poor family, tightly wears his parka hood to the point where it obscures most of his face and muffles his speech. During the first five seasons, Kenny died in almost every episode before reappearing in the next with no definite explanation. He was killed off in the fifth season episode " Kenny Dies ", before being reintroduced in the sixth season finale, " Red Sleigh Down ". Since then, Kenny
5510-561: A power outage on October 15 at the production studio prevented the episode, season 17's " Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers ", from being finished in time. The episode was rescheduled to air a week later on October 23, 2013. The show's style of animation is inspired by the paper cut-out cartoons made by Terry Gilliam for Monty Python's Flying Circus , of which Parker and Stone have been lifelong fans. Construction paper and traditional stop motion cutout animation techniques were used in
5700-458: A prequel to Dumb and Dumber , which was never completed. Parker and Stone signed a deal with Comedy Central in April 1998 that contracted the duo to producing South Park episodes until 1999, gave them a slice of the lucrative spinoff merchandising the show generated within its first year, as well as an unspecified seven-figure cash bonus to bring the show to the big screen, in theaters. During
5890-445: A semester at Berklee College of Music before transferring to the University of Colorado Boulder . Parker majored in both film and Japanese . During his time there, he took a film class in which students were required to collaborate on projects. In the course, he met Matt Stone —a math major from the nearby town of Littleton —and the two immediately bonded over provocative, anti-authoritarian humor and Monty Python. Parker's first film
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6080-523: A separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan. The Tale of Genji , written by Murasaki Shikibu during the Heian period , is known worldwide as a unique Japanese literature. Since Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the 19th century, Western and Eastern literature have strongly affected each other and continue to do so. Japanese calligraphy , rendered using flowing, brush-drawn strokes,
6270-434: A show that included a supporting talking stool character named Mr. Hankey . Some executives at 20th Century Fox Television (which was to produce the series) agreed with its then-sister network's stance on Mr. Hankey and repeatedly requested Parker and Stone to remove the character in order for the show to proceed. Refusing to meet their demands, the duo cut ties with Fox and its sister companies all together and began shopping
6460-592: A stepson through this relationship. Their daughter was born in 2013. The couple divorced in 2019, citing irreconcilable differences. While they remain divorced, they have since reconciled to co-parent their child. Parker resides in Los Angeles, California . He owns properties in Steamboat Springs, Colorado ; Kauai, Hawaii ; Seattle, Washington ; and Midtown Manhattan in New York City . In
6650-610: A teenager, Parker developed a love for musical theatre and joined the Evergreen Players, a venerable mountain community theater outside of Denver. At 14, he performed his first role as chorus member in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas and Flower Drum Song and went on to also design sets for the community theater's production of Little Shop of Horrors . In high school, he also played piano for
6840-402: A television sitcom starring the winner of the 2000 presidential election . The duo were "95 percent sure" that Democratic candidate Al Gore would win, and tentatively titled the show Everybody Loves Al . Parker said the producers did not want to make fun of politics: the main goal was to parody sitcom tropes, such as a lovable main character, the sassy maid, and the wacky neighbor. They threw
7030-438: A time to manipulate a marionette. Although the filmmakers hired three dozen highly skilled marionette operators, execution of some very simple acts by the marionettes proved to be very difficult, with a simple shot such as a character drinking taking a half-day to complete successfully. The deadline for the film's completion took a toll on both filmmakers, as did various difficulties in working with puppets, with Stone, who described
7220-472: A time, a lifestyle that involved partying with women and "out-of-control binges" in Las Vegas . Their philosophy of taking every deal (which had surfaced as a result of their lack of trust in the early success of South Park ) led to their appearances in films, albums, and outside script deals. Among these were BASEketball , a 1998 comedy film that became a critical and commercial flop, and rights to produce
7410-495: A tripartite model of genomic origin. This hypothesis proposes that contemporary Japanese people are from three distinct ancestral groups: Jōmon, Yayoi and Kofun , with 13%, 16% and 71% of genetic ancestry, respectively. During the Kofun period, it is said that migrant groups from China came to Japan and settled on the island, bringing with them various cultural advances and centralized leadership. The migrants who came to Japan during
7600-403: A variety of colors, styles, and sizes. Men mainly wear darker or more muted colors, while women tend to wear brighter colors and pastels, and, especially for younger women, often with complicated abstract or floral patterns. In previous decades, married women wore short sleeved kimono, whereas unmarried women wore long sleeved kimono to both formal and informal occasions; however, the rise in both
7790-527: A video greeting card (for which he paid with his own money) that he could send to friends. Both Jesus vs. Frosty and Jesus vs. Santa had The Spirit of Christmas as opening credits. Graden sent the film on VHS to several industry executives in Hollywood; meanwhile, someone digitized the short film and put it on the internet, where it became one of the first viral videos . As Jesus vs. Santa became more popular, Parker and Stone began talks of developing
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7980-472: A wide array of styles both distinctly traditional and modern . Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western music and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing; traditional music also typically slides between notes, a feature also not commonly found in Western music. The word for music in Japanese is ongaku (音楽), combining the kanji on (音, "sound") with
8170-485: A year because he could not afford to purchase a mattress. They unsuccessfully pitched a children's program titled Time Warped to Fox Kids , which would have involved fictionalized stories of people in history. The trio created two separate pilots, spaced a year apart, and despite the approval of Fox Broadcasting Company development executive Pam Brady , the network disbanded the Fox Kids division. David Zucker , who
8360-479: Is also used in a highly formalized manner to imitate "nature" and the expressive energy and artistic potential of noise are accepted and incorporated. Traditional Japanese music finds its first major historic periods in the Nara (710–794) and Heian (794–1185) periods. The two most common kinds of music during this time were the music of the court ( Gagaku ) and the music of Buddhist rituals ( shōmyō ). The music of
8550-408: Is an ethnic religion focusing on ceremonies and rituals. In Shinto, followers believe that kami – Shinto deities or spirits – are present throughout nature, including rocks, trees, and mountains. Humans can also be considered to possess a kami . One of the goals of Shinto is to maintain or strengthen the connection between humans, nature, and kami . The religion developed in Japan prior to
8740-455: Is considered to be a traditional art form, as well as a means of conveying written information. Typical calligraphic works can consist of phrases, poems, stories, or even characters represented by themselves; the style and format of the calligraphy can mimic the subject matter through aspects such as the texture of the writing and the speed of the brush strokes. Several different styles of Japanese calligraphy exist, with considerable effort put into
8930-406: Is considered to be one way for people to ensure a better future, with the ultimate goal of Buddhism being to escape the cycle of death and rebirth by attaining true insight. Christianity was introduced in the 16th century. When the religion was banned during the 17th century, a group of hidden Christians blended Christian theology with Shinto and Buddhist practices. Hidden Christian Sites in
9120-428: Is considered to hold the same importance as traditional building architecture, and both are influenced by similar historical and religious backgrounds. A primary design principle of a traditional garden is the creation of the landscape based on, or at least greatly influenced by, the style of three-dimensional monochrome ink ( sumi ) landscape painting known as sumi-e or suibokuga ; as such, garden landscaping
9310-458: Is depicted as dying sporadically. During the first 58 episodes, the children were in the third grade . During the fourth season , they entered the fourth grade , where they have remained ever since. Plots are often set in motion by events, ranging from the fairly typical to the supernatural and extraordinary, which frequently happen in the town. The boys often act as the voice of reason when these events cause panic or incongruous behavior among
9500-525: Is elevated to the status of an artform in Japan. Traditional Japanese sculptures mainly focused on Buddhist images, such as Tathagata , Bodhisattva , and Myō-ō . The oldest sculpture in Japan is a wooden statue of Amitābha at the Zenkō-ji temple. In the Nara period, Buddhist statues were made by the national government to boost its prestige. These examples are seen in present-day Nara and Kyoto, most notably
9690-414: Is fast in the opening and leisurely in the closing credits. It is in the minor key and it features a tritone or a diminished fifth, creating a melodic dissonance , which captures the show's surrealistic nature. In the latter parts of seasons 4 and 5, the opening tune has an electro funk arrangement with pop qualities. Seasons 6–9 have a sprightly bluegrass instrumentation with a usage of banjo and
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#17327811136619880-606: Is included in various publications' lists of the greatest television shows. It has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards and a Peabody Award . A theatrical film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut , was released in June 1999 to commercial and critical success, garnering an Academy Award nomination. In 2013, TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time. South Park centers around four boys: Stan Marsh , Kyle Broflovski , Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick . The boys live in
10070-439: Is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker and Stone's friendship, is a common topic throughout the series. Cartman (as he is commonly referred to) is amoral and increasingly psychopathic , and is commonly portrayed as an antagonist . His staunch antisemitism has resulted in a progressive rivalry with Kyle. Kenny, who comes from
10260-451: Is set in the major key . For the later seasons, the arrangement is electro rock with a breakbeat influence, which feature electric guitars backed up by synthesized , groovy drumbeats. The opening theme song has been remixed three times during the course of the series, including a remix performed by Paul Robb . In 2006, the theme music was remixed with the song "Whamola" by Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade , from
10450-440: Is the art of painting a scene or object using diluted black ink. Painting has been an art in Japan for a very long time: the brush is a traditional writing and painting tool, and the extension of that to its use as an artist's tool was probably natural. Japanese painters are often categorized by what they painted, as most of them constrained themselves solely to subjects such as animals, landscapes, or figures. Chinese papermaking
10640-468: Is the national and primary language of Japan. The language is a lexically distinct pitch-accent system . Early Japanese is known primarily by its state in the 8th century when the three major works of Old Japanese were compiled. The earliest attestation of the Japanese language was found in a Chinese document from 256 CE. However, the Japanese language has no genetic relationship with Chinese, nor any clear affiliation with any other language. While there are
10830-409: Is today Kenny, and two near-identical unnamed characters who resemble Stan and Kyle. Fox Broadcasting Company executive and mutual friend Brian Graden commissioned Parker and Stone to create a second short film as a video Christmas card. Created in 1995, the second The Spirit of Christmas short resembled the style of the later series more closely. To differentiate between the two homonymous shorts,
11020-482: The kosode ( ' short sleeve ' ), with longer-sleeved garments being known as furisode ( ' swinging sleeve ' ). The earliest versions of the kimono were heavily influenced by traditional Chinese clothing, known today as hanfu ( kanfuku ( 漢服 ) in Japanese). This influence was spread through Japanese envoy missions to China, resulting in extensive Chinese cultural adoption by Japan as early as
11210-584: The Government of Japan 's Agency for Culture Affairs, 66.7 percent of the population practices Buddhism , 25.6 percent practices Shintoism, 7.7 percent other religions. According to the annual statistical research on religion in 2018 by the Government of Japan 's Agency for Culture Affairs, about two million or around 1.5% of Japan's population are Christians . Other religions include Islam (70,000) and Judaism (2,000), which are largely immigrant communities with some ethnic Japanese practitioners. Shinto
11400-571: The Muromachi period and ceramics since the Edo period . Japanese crafts became known in Europe after Nanban trade . Ikebana is the Japanese art of flower arrangement. It has gained widespread international fame for its focus on harmony, color use, rhythm, and elegantly simple design. It is an art centered greatly on expressing the seasons and is meant to act as a symbol to something greater than
11590-555: The Tang dynasty , and to a lesser extent by other Asian countries . For example, one of the scripts for writing in the Japanese language is Chinese characters ( kanji ), but Japanese has no genetic relationship with Chinese . Since the Meiji era , Japan has been primarily influenced by Western countries . The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from
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#173278111366111780-410: The Tang dynasty , have influenced Japanese culture throughout history. After 220 years of isolation, the Meiji era opened Japan to Western influences, enriching and diversifying Japanese culture. Popular culture shows how much contemporary Japanese culture influences the world. There are two competing hypotheses that try to explain the lineage of the Japanese people. The first hypothesis proposes
11970-508: The Thanksgiving episode " Starvin' Marvin ", but declined to appear when he was only offered a role as "Turkey #2". Parker says that the varying uses of music are of utmost importance to South Park . Several characters often play or sing songs in order to change or influence a group's behavior, or to educate, motivate, or indoctrinate others. The show also frequently features scenes in which its characters have disapproving reactions to
12160-461: The University of Colorado in 1992 and discovered a shared love of Monty Python , which they often cite as one of their primary inspirations. They created an animated short entitled The Spirit of Christmas . The film was created by animating construction paper cutouts with stop motion , and features prototypes of the main characters of South Park , including a character resembling Cartman but named "Kenny", an unnamed character resembling what
12350-616: The Western world over the past few centuries has led to many of its terms, such as origami , tsunami , karaoke , and pop cultural terms like shonen and shōjo being incorporated into the English language. Words like these have also been added to the Oxford English Dictionary . Shinto and Buddhism are the primary religions of Japan. According to the annual statistical research on religion in 2018 by
12540-478: The fictional small town of South Park, located within the real-life South Park basin in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado , approximately a one-hour drive from Denver . The town is also home to an assortment of other characters, including students , families , elementary school staff , and other various residents . Prominent settings include South Park Elementary, various neighborhoods and
12730-422: The left as we do on the right. People on the far left and the far right are the same exact person to us. South Park South Park is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone , and developed by Brian Graden for Comedy Central . The series revolves around four boys— Stan Marsh , Kyle Broflovski , Eric Cartman , and Kenny McCormick —and their exploits in and around
12920-462: The pilot episode " Cartman Gets an Anal Probe ". South Park was in danger of being canceled before it even aired when the show fared poorly with test audiences, particularly with women. However, the shorts were still gaining more popularity over the Internet, and Comedy Central ordered a run of six episodes. South Park debuted with "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe" on August 13, 1997. Except for
13110-413: The shamisen and used in kabuki theater), uki-ma implies a slight lengthening of the first of a pair of beats, while tsume-ma implies the reverse. It is this meaning of timing that is seen as a unique aesthetic to explain otherwise inexplicable aspects of Japanese performing arts. Japanese music stresses sound quality and prizes the richness and complexity of each instrument's sound spectrum. Noise
13300-575: The third grade . His later ventures into animation would bear considerable influence from Terry Gilliam . In the sixth grade, Parker wrote a sketch titled The Dentist and appeared in his school's talent show. He played the dentist and had a friend play the patient. The plot involved what can go wrong at the dentist; due to the amounts of fake blood involved, Parker's parents were called and were upset, with Parker later recalling that "the kindergartners were all crying and freaking out". Parker has described himself as "the typical big-dream kid" who envisioned
13490-529: The 1981 animated film Heavy Metal , implements scenes accomplished with rotoscoping . Parker and Stone voice most of the male South Park characters. Mary Kay Bergman voiced the majority of the female characters until her death in November 1999. Mona Marshall and Eliza Schneider succeeded Bergman, with Schneider leaving the show after its seventh season (2003). She was replaced by April Stewart , who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of
13680-446: The 20th-21st centuries include Yoko Ono , Suzuka Nakamoto , Koji Tamaki , Hideto Takarai , Takahiro Moriuchi , Kenshi Yonezu , and Haruomi Hosono . Popular groups of the same eras include The Oral Cigarettes , Yoasobi , Bump of Chicken , King Gnu , Mrs. Green Apple , Fishmans , and Perfume . The four traditional theatres from Japan are noh (or nō ), kyōgen , kabuki , and bunraku . Noh had its origins in
13870-529: The 5th century CE. It was during the 8th century, however, that Chinese fashions came fully into style, and following the cancellation of the 20th mission to Tang dynasty China, these fashions developed independently, with the overlapping, V-shaped collar becoming women's fashion and the precursor to the modern kimono. Kimono, alongside all other items of traditional Japanese clothing, are known collectively as wafuku , meaning 'Japanese clothing', as opposed to yōfuku , Western-style clothing. Kimono come in
14060-601: The 6th century CE, after which point followers built shrines to worship kami . Buddhism developed in India around the 6th and 4th centuries BCE and eventually spread through the Sinosphere and South East Asia. It arrived in Japan during the 6th century CE, where it was initially unpopular. Most Japanese people were unable to understand the difficult philosophical messages present in Buddhism; however, an appreciation for
14250-589: The Chinese man'yōgana of the 5th century. Hiragana and katakana were developed from simplified kanji; hiragana emerged somewhere around the 9th century and were mainly used by women for informal language while katakana was mainly used by men in formal language. By the 10th century, both systems were used commonly by everyone. Japanese vocabulary consists of 49% words of Chinese origin , 33% words of Japanese origin , and 18% loanwords from other languages, including European languages , words of mixed origin, and
14440-538: The Kofun period appear to have had ancestry that mainly resembles the ancestry of the Han Chinese population of China. The Jomon people were hunter-gathers ; the Yayoi people introduced rice cultivation; and the Kofun migrants introduced imperial state formation. Japanese culture was influenced from ancient times to the Middle Ages primarily by multiple Chinese dynasties , with substantial derivation from
14630-746: The Nagasaki Region have become World Heritage Sites , and the unique style of Christian art is now recognized. Despite being a minority religion in Japan, Christian chapel marriage ceremonies are a popular wedding style in Japan. A minority of Japanese are Muslims. Cultural differences and a predominantly non-Muslim society present unique challenges for Japan's Muslim community, mostly immigrants from Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Iran. Muslims are scattered in Japan. Mosques and halal food are scarce due to their dispersion. Family-linked long-term residents are assimilating into Japanese society despite language and cultural barriers. Analysts say
14820-560: The Nara period can be classified as belonging to the first international period in Japanese music history. The court music was all of Chinese, Korean, or Indian origin and was played primarily by foreign musicians in its original style. Gagaku classical music has been performed at the Imperial court since the Heian period . At the same time, Buddhist ritual music exerted some influence on the native vocal style. While poetry anthologies indicate that folk music had continued its steady pace,
15010-565: The United States with the TV-14 rating. 20th Television replaced Tribune as co-distributor in early 2008. By the time its run in syndication ended in 2015, it aired in 90 percent of the television markets across the United States and Canada, where it generated an estimated US$ 25 million a year in advertising revenue. In 2019, CBS Television Distribution (the syndication arm of ViacomCBS, now known as Paramount Global ), took over
15200-485: The United States, so local servers have been set up in other countries. In September 2009, a South Park Studios website with streaming episodes was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Canada, episodes were available for streaming from The Comedy Network's website, though due to digital rights restrictions, they are no longer available. In April 2010, the season five episode " Super Best Friends " and
15390-588: The Winds , and many other regionally specific characteristics. Stan is portrayed as an average American boy; however, he has many mishaps throughout the series. In the first 22 seasons, Stan lived in South Park, but in the episodes during and after season 22 , Stan resided in Tegridy Farms. Kyle is Jewish , and his portrayal as one of the few such people in South Park is often dealt with satirically. Stan
15580-641: The adult populace, who are customarily depicted as irrational, gullible, and prone to overreaction. They are frequently confused by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults, and often perceive them as having distorted views on morality and society. Each episode opens with a tongue-in-cheek all persons fictitious disclaimer : "All characters and events in this show—even those based on real people—are entirely fictional. All celebrity voices are impersonated.....poorly. The following program contains coarse language and due to its content it should not be viewed by anyone." South Park
15770-457: The album Purple Onion . South Park is broadcast internationally in several countries and territories, including India, New Zealand, and several countries throughout Europe and Latin America on channels that are subsidiaries of Comedy Central and Paramount Media Networks , both subsidiaries of Paramount. In distribution deals with Comedy Central, other independent networks also broadcast
15960-537: The announcement every episode remained available for free on the South Park Studios website, using the Hulu player . As of September 2014, following the premiere of the eighteenth season, only 30 select episodes would be featured for free viewing at a time on a rotating basis on the website, with new episodes being available for an entire month starting the day following their original airings. The entire series
16150-491: The authors' assumptions or perceptions of Japanese exceptionalism; these are predominantly written in Japan by Japanese people, though examples have also been written by foreign residents, journalists and even scholars. Early works of Japanese literature were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature , often written in Classical Chinese . Eventually, Japanese literature developed into
16340-423: The average age of marriage and the numbers of women never marrying in Japan has led to the divide between sleeve length becoming one more of age, with most women in their early twenties wearing long sleeved kimono only to formal occasions, and most women past their early twenties wearing short sleeved kimono to formal events, regardless of marriage status. Other developments include the abandoning of layered kimono and
16530-454: The barks for Stan's dog Sparky in the season one (1997) episode " Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride ", Leno provided the meows for Cartman's cat in the season one finale " Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut ", and Henry Winkler voiced the various growls and grunts of a kid-eating monster in the season two (1998) episode " City on the Edge of Forever ". Jerry Seinfeld offered to lend his voice for
16720-428: The base of the shoe to the floor, and are worn by men and women with kimono or yukata ; zōri are flat-based or sloping sandals made of a number of different materials, and are considered to be more formal than geta. Fashion trends and consumer apathy have hurt the Japanese kimono industry. Kimono sales and traditional tailors suffered after WWII due to Western fashion. Innovative and diverse kimono makers have revived
16910-409: The box office. Parker and Stone continue to write, direct, and voice most characters on South Park . Over time, the show has adopted a unique production process, in which an entire episode is written, animated and broadcast in one week. Parker and Stone state that subjecting themselves to a one-week deadline creates more spontaneity amongst themselves in the creative process, which they feel results in
17100-453: The character's death on the show, were listed as "Chef's Band" in the closing credits. Rick James , Elton John , Meat Loaf , Joe Strummer , Ozzy Osbourne , Primus , Rancid , and Ween all guest starred and briefly performed in the season two (1998) episode " Chef Aid ". Korn debuted their single " Falling Away from Me " as guest stars on the season three (1999) episode " Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery ". The show's theme song
17290-486: The characters. The workstations were linked to a 54-processor render farm that could render 10 to 15 shots an hour. Beginning with season five , the animators began using Maya instead of PowerAnimator. As of 2012, the studio ran a 120-processor render farm that can produce 30 or more shots an hour. PowerAnimator and Maya are high-end programs mainly used for 3D computer graphics , while co-producer and former animation director Eric Stough notes that PowerAnimator
17480-400: The cheap cutout animation look. A few episodes feature sections of live-action footage, while others have incorporated other styles of animation. Portions of the season eight (2004) premiere " Good Times with Weapons " are done in anime style, while the season 10 episode " Make Love, Not Warcraft " is done partly in machinima . The season 12 episode " Major Boobage ", a homage to
17670-432: The child characters, and Time described the boys as "sometimes cruel but with a core of innocence". Usually, the boys or other characters pondered over what transpired during an episode and conveyed the important lesson taken from it with a short monologue. During earlier seasons, this speech commonly began with a variation of the phrase "You know, I've learned something today...". Parker and Stone met in film class at
17860-436: The children, Chef would also sing about things relevant to what had transpired in the plot. These songs were original compositions written by Parker, and they were performed by Hayes in the same sexually suggestive R&B style he had used during his own music career. The band DVDA, which consists of Parker and Stone, along with show staff members Bruce Howell and D.A. Young, performed the music for these compositions and, until
18050-460: The chorus and was president of the choir counsel. As Evergreen was nationally known for its choir program, Parker was a very popular high school student, connected to his position as the head of the choir. He was typically the lead in school plays and was also prom king. While in school, Parker had a part-time job at a Pizza Hut and was described as a film geek and music buff. Following his graduation from Evergreen High School in 1988, Parker spent
18240-437: The coats would be constructed from several layers of heavy cotton stitched together, and would be soaked in water to provide protection from fire. Alongside traditional clothing, Japan also has distinct footwear; tabi , ankle-length split-toed socks, are commonly worn with the kimono, and are designed to be worn with traditional shoes such as geta and zōri . Geta are thonged sandals mounted on wooden blocks extending from
18430-405: The coordination and business aspects of the production. On Wednesday, a completed episode is sent to Comedy Central's headquarters via satellite uplink, sometimes just a few hours before its air time of 10 PM Eastern Time . Parker and Stone state that subjecting themselves to a one-week deadline creates more spontaneity amongst themselves in the creative process, which they feel results in
18620-488: The country's prehistoric Jōmon period , to its contemporary modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other regions of the world. Since the Jomon period, ancestral groups like the Yayoi and Kofun, who arrived to Japan from Korea and China, respectively, have shaped Japanese culture. Rice cultivation and centralized leadership were introduced by these groups, shaping Japanese culture. Chinese dynasties, particularly
18810-849: The declining industry. Internationally, the industry has tried casual styles. Cultural appropriation is hard. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts' "Kimono Wednesdays" led to cultural appropriation debates. Asian-American protesters cited Orientalism, racism, and cultural appropriation. Protests sparked global cultural debate and appropriation. The protests lacked Japanese and Japanese-American representation, say critics. Scholars say Edward Said's "Orientalism" may not always apply (O'Dwyer, 2015). Cultural appropriation could harm kimono exhibitions. War can hinder cultural exchange and Japanese fashion abroad. Japanese mainstream media and cultural commentators rarely mention it. Cultural appropriation may lead to kimono experimentation, say Japanese commentators. Cultural appropriation and Japanese fashion remain hot topics. Globally,
19000-447: The duo began working on Team America: World Police , a satire of big-budget action films and their associated clichés and stereotypes , with particular humorous emphasis on the global implications of the politics of the United States . The film was inspired by the 1960s British marionette series, Thunderbirds . Starring puppets, Team America was produced using a crew of about 200 people, which sometimes required four people at
19190-530: The duo, with the help of their lawyer, Kevin Morris, cut a 50–50 joint venture with Comedy Central on all revenue not related to television; this includes digital rights to South Park , as well as films, soundtracks, T-shirts and other merchandise, in a deal worth $ 75 million. In August 2021, Parker and Stone signed a $ 900 million deal with ViacomCBS to renew the series for six additional seasons and 14 projects on Paramount+. In 2000, Parker and Stone began plotting
19380-613: The eighteenth century, in secular performances, the shamisen lute and koto , invented in China and brought to Japan during the Nara Period , 13-string zither as used for genteel entertainment and professionally controlled by blind musicians who had the rights to heike narrative. The shamisen , modified from the Chinese sanxian introduced via the Ryukyu Islands in the late sixteenth century, came into its own in
19570-528: The episode originally aired. The season nine (2005) episode " Best Friends Forever " references the Terri Schiavo case , and originally aired in the midst of the controversy and less than 12 hours before she died. A scene in the season seven (2003) finale " It's Christmas in Canada " references the discovery of dictator Saddam Hussein in a "spider hole" and his subsequent capture , which happened
19760-414: The exhaustion of humor set around Donald Trump ), along with the proposed merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global . In February 2023, Warner Bros. Discovery filed a lawsuit which claimed that Paramount breached its exclusivity contract with HBO Max by airing South Park on its own streaming platform. Culture of Japan The culture of Japan has changed greatly over the millennia, from
19950-479: The female characters. Bergman was originally listed in the credits under the alias Shannen Cassidy to protect her reputation as the voice of several Disney and other kid-friendly characters. Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar, while Schneider was sometimes credited under her rock opera performance pseudonym Blue Girl. Other voice actors and members of South Park 's production staff have voiced minor characters for various episodes, while
20140-714: The festival. They intended to sell video rights to the film for $ 1 million and spend the remaining $ 900,000 to create another film. The film was instead sold to Troma Entertainment in 1996 where it was retitled Cannibal! The Musical , and upon the duo's later success, it became their biggest-selling title. It has since been labeled a " cult classic " and adapted into a stage play by community theater groups and even high schools nationwide. We were sleeping on floors thinking, Wow, another two weeks and we're going to be fucking rich. And pretty soon two weeks turns into two months, and two months turns into two years, and you definitely stop listening. Parker on his early career Following
20330-401: The film The Sweetest Thing after her tenure with the show during its first three seasons. Television producer and writer Norman Lear , an idol of both Parker and Stone, served as a guest writing consultant for the season seven (2003) episodes " Cancelled " and " I'm a Little Bit Country ". During the 12th and 13th seasons, Saturday Night Live actor and writer Bill Hader served as
20520-422: The film as "the worst time of [my] life", resorting to coffee to work 20-hour days and sleeping pills to go to bed. The film was barely completed in time for its October release date, but reviews were positive and the film made a modest sum at the box office. Parker and Stone, alongside writer-composer Robert Lopez , began working on a musical centering on Mormonism during the production of Team America . Lopez,
20710-471: The film's success, the group, sans Hardin, moved to Los Angeles . Upon arrival, they met a lawyer for the William Morris Agency who connected them with producer Scott Rudin . As a result, the duo acquired a lawyer, an agent, and a script deal. Despite initially believing themselves to be on the verge of success, the duo struggled for several years. Stone slept on dirty laundry for upwards of
20900-457: The film. It will be distributed by Paramount Pictures . The live-action film comedy, written by Vernon Chatman , addresses racial issues. Production is expected to begin in the spring of 2023. Parker married Emma Sugiyama in 2006. Their marriage was officiated by 1970s sitcom producer Norman Lear . The marriage ended in divorce in 2008. Parker subsequently began a relationship with Boogie Tillmon, whom he later married in 2014. Parker gained
21090-567: The film. Parker and Stone attempted to negotiate with the organization on what to delete from the final print, but the MPAA would not give specific notes. The duo later theorized that the organization cared less because it was an independent distributor which would bring it significantly less money. Parker and Stone also made a short film called The Spirit of Christmas (although it is now usually called Jesus vs. Frosty ). Brian Graden (then at Fox) liked this short and asked Parker and Stone to produce
21280-513: The film. The film was shot on Loveland Pass as winter was ending, and the crew endured the freezing weather. Parker—under the pseudonym Juan Schwartz—was the film's star, director and co-producer. Alferd Packer: The Musical premiered in Boulder in October 1993; "they rented a limousine that circled to ferry every member of the cast and crew from the back side of the block to the red carpet at
21470-439: The first short is often referred to as Jesus vs. Frosty , and the second short as Jesus vs. Santa . Graden sent copies of the video to several of his friends, and from there it was copied and distributed, including on the internet, where it became one of the first viral videos . As Jesus vs. Santa became more popular, Parker and Stone began talks of developing the short into a television series about four children residing in
21660-594: The fledgling network into "a cable industry power almost overnight". Due to the success of the series' first six episodes, Comedy Central requested an additional seven; the series completed its first season in February 1998. An affiliate of the MTV Network until then, Comedy Central decided, in part due to the success of South Park , to have its own independent sales department. By the end of 1998, Comedy Central had sold more than $ 150 million worth of merchandise for
21850-475: The floating world', is a genre of woodblock prints that exemplifies the characteristics of pre-Meiji Japanese art. Because these prints could be mass-produced, they were available to a wide cross-section of the Japanese populace – those not wealthy enough to afford original paintings – during their heyday, from the 17th to 20th century. Japanese lacquerware and ceramics have historically gained international fame, and lacquerware has been actively exported since
22040-416: The flower itself. The kimono is the national garment of Japan, having developed from Chinese court clothing in the Nara period following the exchange of diplomatic envoys between the two countries at that time. The word kimono translates literally as 'thing to wear on the shoulders'; however, this term developed some time around the Edo period, before which most kimono-like garments were referred to as
22230-406: The former gay lover of Mr. Garrison . Throughout the show's run, the voices for toddler and kindergarten characters have been provided by various small children of the show's production staff. When voicing child characters, the voice actors speak within their normal vocal range while adding a childlike inflection. The recorded audio is then edited with Pro Tools , and the pitch is altered to make
22420-438: The full distribution rights following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox (parent of 20th Television) by The Walt Disney Company (who had employed Debmar-Mercury founder Mort Marcus as the head of their syndication division ), distributing the show in syndication. In 2021, South Park Studios struck a deal with ViacomCBS , which allows the show to be renewed all the way up to season 30 and 14 additional films, enough to carry
22610-580: The highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied, but it remains one of Comedy Central's longest-running programs. In August 2021, South Park was renewed through 2027, and a series of television specials was announced for Paramount+ , the first two of which were released later that year. In October 2019, it was announced that WarnerMedia acquired exclusive streaming rights to South Park starting in June 2020 for HBO Max . The series' twenty-sixth season premiered on February 8, 2023. South Park has received critical acclaim, and
22800-604: The highest-rated series on Comedy Central. In 2012, South Park cut back from producing 14 episodes per year (seven in the spring and seven in the fall) to a single run of 10 episodes in the fall, to allow the duo to explore other projects the rest of the year. The show's twenty-third season premiered on September 25, 2019. South Park has continued, becoming an enterprise worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The franchise has also expanded to music and video games. Comedy Central released various albums, including Chef Aid: The South Park Album and Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics , in
22990-586: The historical records and relics show us music that was primarily instrumental and often connected with dance. By the time of the Kamakura period, most traces of the international character of Japanese music had disappeared. Court music in general was declining, while there was a steady growth of more theatrical arts. The indigenous folk ritual music of flute and drums here encountered the aristocratic aesthetic of poetry and literary tales. Japan's indigenous musical culture can still be found in much of folk music and
23180-701: The industry must balance cultural integrity and innovation (O'Dwyer, 2015). Japanese architecture was originally heavily influenced by Chinese architecture and later developed many unique aspects indigenous to Japan. Examples of traditional architecture are seen at temples , Shinto shrines , and castles in Kyoto and Nara . Some of these buildings are constructed with traditional gardens , which are influenced by Zen ideas. Some modern architects, such as Yoshio Taniguchi and Tadao Ando are known for their amalgamation of Japanese traditional and Western architectural influences. Traditional Japanese garden architecture
23370-427: The kanji gaku (楽, "enjoyment"). Major aesthetic concepts are jo-ha-kyū and ma . Jo-ha-kyū (序破急) roughly translates to "beginning, break, rapid", it essentially means that all actions or efforts should begin slowly, speed up, and then end swiftly. Ma literally means a space or interval between two points (in space or time). In music, it refers to rhythm. In nagauta (長唄, literally "long song") (played on
23560-554: The late 1990s. The song " Chocolate Salty Balls " (as sung by the character Chef) was released as a single in the UK in 1998 to support the Chef Aid: The South Park Album and became a number one hit. Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of video games based on the series that were released at this time, but took full creative control of South Park: The Stick of Truth , a 2014 video game based on
23750-404: The made-in-Japan pseudo-English known as wasei-eigo . The Latin alphabet is often used in modern Japanese, especially for company names, logos, advertising, and when inputting Japanese into a computer. The Hindu–Arabic numerals are often used for numbers and can be read in either Japanese or English, but traditional Sino–Japanese numerals are also common. The influence of Japanese culture in
23940-449: The music of Shinto festivals in local communities. Several traditional instruments were adopted and assimilated into Japanese culture from various sources. They were further experimented with and developed by Japan. One of the imported end-blown bamboo flutes from China developed into the shakuhachi , which became the ritual instrument of the Fuke sect of Zen monks. By the middle of
24130-484: The musical in 2006. Developmental workshops began in 2008, and the crew embarked on the first of a half-dozen workshops that would take place during the next four years. Originally, producer Scott Rudin planned to stage The Book of Mormon off-Broadway at the New York Theatre Workshop in summer 2010, but opted to premiere it directly on Broadway, "[s]ince the guys [Parker and Stone] work best when
24320-459: The narrator of the season four episode " Pip ". Jennifer Aniston , Richard Belzer , Natasha Henstridge , Norman Lear , and Peter Serafinowicz have guest starred as other speaking characters. During South Park 's earliest seasons, several high-profile celebrities inquired about guest-starring on the show. As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted; George Clooney provided
24510-467: The need for wait staff to earn tips, instead paying every employee $ 30 per hour, much higher than the Colorado minimum wage, $ 13.65. In January 2022, it was announced Parker will produce an untitled film with Stone through their now-renamed production company Park County and Kendrick Lamar and Dave Free 's multi-disciplinary media company PGLang . In March 2023, it was reported that Parker will direct
24700-424: The next day after their Comedy Central airing. Once that deal expires in 2025, Paramount+ will become the exclusive streaming home. In addition, the season 27 episodes would stream first on Paramount+ before hitting HBO Max. Though season 27 would have originally aired in 2024, the season was delayed due to what Parker and Stone claimed to be uncertainties about the 2024 United States presidential election (mainly
24890-446: The opportunity for the show to spoof both extreme sides of contentious issues, while lampooning both liberal and conservative points of view. Rebecca Raphael described the show as "an equal opportunity offender", while Parker and Stone describe their main purpose as to "be funny" and "make people laugh", while stating that no particular topic or group of people be exempt from mockery and satire. Parker and Stone insist that
25080-548: The original animated shorts and in the pilot episode. Subsequent episodes have been produced by computer animation , providing a similar look to the originals while requiring a fraction of the time to produce. Before computer artists begin animating an episode, a series of animatics drawn in Toon Boom are provided by the show's storyboard artists. The characters and objects are composed of simple geometrical shapes and primary and secondary colors . Most child characters are
25270-424: The outcome; in some cases, it can take over one hundred attempts to produce the desired result of a single character. This form of calligraphy is known as shodō ( 書道 ) , literally meaning 'the way of writing or calligraphy', or more commonly, shūji ( 習字 ) , 'learning how to write characters'. Commonly confused with calligraphy is the art form of sumi-e ( 墨絵 ) , literally meaning 'ink painting', which
25460-576: The outside world for over 220 years during the Tokugawa shogunate until the arrival of the " Black Ships " and the Meiji era. Today, the culture of Japan stands as one of the most influential cultures around the world, mainly because of the global reach of its popular culture . In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked Japan's cultural influence as the highest in Asia and 4th worldwide. Japanese
25650-456: The participation of women in the plays was forbidden by the government in 1629, and the feminine characters had passed to be represented only by men ( onnagata ). Recent attempts to reintroduce actresses in kabuki had not been well accepted. Another characteristic of kabuki is the use of makeup for the actors in historical plays ( kumadori ) and the performance of nagauta ballads. Japanese puppet theater ( bunraku ) developed in
25840-550: The performances of certain popular musicians. Adam Berry , the show's original score composer, used sound synthesis to simulate a small orchestra, and frequently alluded to existing famous pieces of music. Berry also used signature acoustic guitar and mandolin cues as leitmotifs for the show's establishing shots. After Berry left in 2001, Jamie Dunlap and Scott Nickoley of the Los Angeles-based Mad City Production Studios provided
26030-548: The pilot episode, which was produced using cutout animation , all episodes of South Park are created with the use of software, primarily Autodesk Maya . As opposed to the pilot, which took three months to complete, and other animated sitcoms, which are traditionally hand-drawn by companies in South Korea in a process that takes roughly eight to nine months, individual episodes of South Park take significantly less time to produce. Using computers as an animation method,
26220-643: The premiere of the film, South Park premiered on Comedy Central in August 1997. The duo possess full creative control of the show, and have produced music and video games based on it. A film based on the series, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999), was well-received from both critics and fans. Parker went on to write, produce, direct, and star in the satirical action film Team America: World Police (2004), and, after several years of development, The Book of Mormon premiered on Broadway to positive reviews. Parker has received five Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on South Park , four Tony Awards and
26410-405: The process become Japanized (domesticated) and different from its model. Hybrid music has resulted, such as enka , J-pop , and ‘contemporary Japanese music’ ( gendai hōgaku ) or ‘new Japanese music’ ( shin-hōgaku ). Famous enka singers include Hibari Misora , Saburo Kitajima , Ikuzo Yoshi , and Haruo Minami. One notable contemporary influence on Japanese musical music came from Ainu music and
26600-510: The release of season twelve . Subsequent seasons have been released in this format alongside the longer-running DVD releases. The first eleven seasons were released on Blu-ray for the first time in December 2017. In March 2008, Comedy Central made every episode of South Park available for free full-length on-demand legal streaming on the official South Park Studios website. From March 2008 until December 2013, new episodes were added to
26790-439: The religion's art is believed to have led to Buddhism later growing in popularity. Buddhism is concerned with the cycle of rebirth and karma . In Buddhism, a person's status in society is considered unimportant, instead their good or bad deeds are valued, as every person eventually becomes ill, ages, dies, and is eventually reincarnated into a new life, a cycle known as saṃsāra ; the suffering people experience during life
26980-487: The religious figure against Frosty the Snowman . The quartet created a three-minute trailer for a fictional film titled Alferd Packer: The Musical . The idea was based on an obsession Parker had with Alferd Packer , a real nineteenth-century prospector accused of cannibalism . During this time, Parker had become engaged to long-time girlfriend Liane Adamo, but their relationship fell apart shortly before production on
27170-471: The same size and shape, and are distinguished by their clothing, hair and skin colors, and headwear. Characters are mostly presented two-dimensionally and from only one angle. Their movements are animated in an intentionally jerky fashion, as they are purposely not offered the same free range of motion associated with hand-drawn characters. Occasionally, some non-fictional characters are depicted with photographic cutouts of their actual head and face in lieu of
27360-437: The season fourteen episodes " 200 " and " 201 " were removed from the site; additionally, these episodes no longer air in reruns and are only available exclusively on DVD and Blu-ray. These episodes remain unavailable following the 2014 purchase by Hulu. In July 2014, it was announced that Hulu had signed a three-year deal purchasing exclusive online streaming rights to the South Park for a reported $ 80 million. Following
27550-497: The second act." Parker further remarked, Basically... out of all the ridiculous religion stories which are greatly, wonderfully ridiculous—the silliest one I've ever heard is, 'Yeah... there's this big giant universe and it's expanding , it's all gonna collapse on itself and we're all just here just 'cause... just ' cause' . That, to me, is the most ridiculous explanation ever. A 2001 Los Angeles Times article described Parker as " not overly political " and quoted him as saying he
27740-497: The series in other international markets. In Australia, the show is broadcast on The Comedy Channel , Comedy Central and free-to-air channel SBS Viceland (before 2009), while new episodes aired on SBS . The program also airs free-to-air in Australia on 10 Shake , a sister network to Comedy Central through Paramount. The series is broadcast uncensored in Canada in English on The Comedy Network and, later, Much . The series
27930-402: The series somewhere else. The two then entered negotiations with both MTV and Comedy Central . Parker preferred the show be produced by Comedy Central, fearing that MTV would turn it into a kids show. When Comedy Central executive Doug Herzog watched the short, he commissioned for it to be developed into a series. Parker and Stone assembled a small staff and spent three months creating
28120-506: The series that received positive reviews and for which they shared (with Eric Fenstermaker) the 2014 Writing In A Comedy and Parker won the Performance in a Comedy, Supporting award by National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers (NAVGTR). Broadcast syndication rights to South Park were sold in 2003, and all episodes are available for free full-length on-demand legal streaming on the official South Park Studios website. In 2007,
28310-472: The series' production. The pilot episode was produced using cutout animation ; the remainder of the series uses computer animation recalling the prior technique. Since the fourth season, episodes are generally written and produced during the week preceding its broadcast, with Parker serving as the lead writer and director. Since its debut on August 13, 1997, 328 episodes of South Park have been broadcast. It debuted with great success, consistently earning
28500-432: The short into a television series called South Park . They first pitched the show to Fox, but the network refused to pick it up due to not wanting to air a show that included the talking poo character Mr. Hankey . The two were initially skeptical of possible television deals, noting that previous endeavors had not turned out to be successful, but then entered negotiations with both MTV and Comedy Central. Parker preferred
28690-480: The show be produced by Comedy Central, fearing that MTV would turn it into a kids' show. When Comedy Central executive Doug Herzog watched the short, he commissioned for it to be developed into a series. The pilot episode of South Park was made on a budget of $ 300,000 and took between three and three and a half months to complete; animation took place in a small room at Celluloid Studios, in Denver , Colorado, during
28880-494: The show is still more about "kids being kids" and "what it's like to be in [elementary school] in America ", stating that the introduction of a more satirical element to the series was the result of the two adding more of a "moral center" to the show so that it would rely less on simply being crude and shocking in an attempt to maintain an audience. While profane, Parker notes that there is still an "underlying sweetness" aspect to
29070-476: The show occasionally earlier on, it became more prevalent as the series progressed, with the show retaining some of its focus on the boys' fondness of scatological humor in an attempt to remind adult viewers "what it was like to be eight years old". Parker and Stone also began further developing other characters by giving them larger roles in certain storylines, and began writing plots as parables based on religion, politics, and numerous other topics. This provided
29260-455: The show to at least 2027. Complete seasons of South Park have been regularly released in their entirety on DVD since 2002, with season twenty-six being the most recently released. Several other themed DVD compilations have been released by Rhino Entertainment and Comedy Central, while the three-episode Imaginationland story arc was reissued straight-to-DVD as a full-length feature in 2008. Blu-ray releases started in 2008 with
29450-573: The show's executive producers throughout its entire history. Debbie Liebling , who was Senior Vice President of original programming and development for Comedy Central, also served as an executive producer during the show's first five seasons, coordinating the show's production efforts between South Park Studios and Comedy Central's headquarters in New York City. During its early stages, finished episodes of South Park were hastily recorded to D-2 to be sent to Comedy Central for airing in just
29640-482: The show's original music for the next seven seasons. Since 2008, Dunlap has been credited as the show's sole score composer. Dunlap's contributions to the show are one of the few that are not achieved at the show's own production offices. Dunlap reads a script, creates a score using digital audio software, and then e-mails the audio file to South Park Studios, where it is edited to fit with the completed episode. In addition to singing in an effort to explain something to
29830-616: The show's production staff were able to generate an episode in about three weeks during the first seasons. Now, with a staff of about 70 people, episodes are typically completed in one week, with some in as little as three to four days. Nearly the entire production of an episode is accomplished within one set of offices, which were originally at a complex in Westwood, Los Angeles, California and are now part of South Park Studios in Culver City, California . Parker and Stone have been
30020-432: The show, including T-shirts and dolls. Over the next few years, Comedy Central's viewership spiked, largely due to South Park , adding 3 million new subscribers in the first half of 1998 alone, and allowed the network to sign international deals with networks in several countries. Parker and Stone became celebrities as a result of the program's success; Parker noted that the success of South Park allowed him to pursue, for
30210-427: The show. Celebrities who have voiced themselves include Michael Buffer , Brent Musburger , Jay Leno , Robert Smith , and the bands Radiohead and Korn . Comedy team Cheech & Chong voiced characters representing their likenesses for the season four (2000) episode " Cherokee Hair Tampons ", which was the duo's first collaborative effort in 20 years. Malcolm McDowell appears in live-action sequences as
30400-406: The site the day following their debut, and an uncensored version was posted the following day. The episode stayed up for the remainder of the week, then taken down, and added to the site three weeks later. Within a week, the site served more than a million streams of full episodes, and the number grew to 55 million by October 2008. Legal issues prevent the U.S. content from being accessible outside
30590-466: The small Muslim community and cultural differences between Islam and Japan reduce future conflicts. Syncretic Sufi Islam may increase Japan's Muslim population. The Japanese "national character" has been written about under the term Nihonjinron , literally meaning 'theories/discussions about the Japanese people' and referring to texts on matters that are normally the concerns of sociology, psychology, history, linguistics, and philosophy, but emphasizing
30780-620: The so-called nationalist composer Ifukube Akiraa (b. 1914 in Hokkaido) who brought the tonkori zither onto the World Music scene. In the late 20th century Japanese music rose in popularity with Aidoru (Japanese Idols) with popular audition shows such as the Suta¯tanjo¯(A Star Is Born). Japanese music further evolved in the jazz, pop, R&B, and Rock music genres and continues into today. Popular artists of
30970-553: The stakes are highest." After a frantic series of rewrites, rehearsals, and previews, The Book of Mormon premiered on Broadway at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on March 24, 2011. The Book of Mormon received broad critical praise for the plot, score, actors' performances, direction and choreography. A cast recording of the original Broadway production became the highest-charting Broadway cast album in over four decades. The musical received nine Tony Awards , one for Best Musical , and
31160-599: The standardisation of the length of short sleeved women's kimono to a range of roughly 49–52 centimetres (19–20 in) in length, both developments driven by fabric shortages in WWII. The happi coat is another form of traditional clothing. A happi (commonly Anglicised as "happy") coat is a straight sleeved coat typically decorated with a family crest and/or kanji along the collar. In previous centuries, happi -style coats known as hikeshi sashiko banten or simply hikeshi banten were commonly worn by firefighters ;
31350-420: The summer of 1996. Similarly to Parker and Stone's Christmas shorts, the original pilot was animated entirely with traditional cut paper stop-motion animation techniques. The idea for the town of South Park came from the real Colorado basin of the same name , where, according to the creators, a lot of folklore and news reports originated about "UFO sightings, and cattle mutilations, and Bigfoot sightings." At
31540-659: The surrounding mountain range, actual Colorado landmarks, and the businesses along the town's main street, all of which are based on the appearance of similar locations in Fairplay, Colorado . As one of the few television programs set in the Mountain West region that takes place outside the urban core of Denver, South Park frequently features the unique culture of the region, including cattle ranchers, Old West theme parks, snowy climates, mountaineering, Mormons , real-life Colorado locations such as Casa Bonita and Cave of
31730-481: The theater's entrance." The group submitted the film to the Sundance Film Festival , who did not respond. Parker told McHugh he had a "vision" they needed to be at the festival, which resulted in the group renting out a conference room in a nearby hotel and putting on their own screenings. MTV did a short news segment on The Big Picture regarding the film, and they made industry connections through
31920-409: The theatrical contexts of bunraku puppet drama and kabuki drama. Japan is the second largest music market in the world behind the United States, and is the largest in Asia, with most of the market dominated by Japanese artists . Local music often appears at karaoke venues on lease from record labels . Western music has been adopted and adapted to the Japanese context and has often in
32110-625: The time, Comedy Central had a low distribution of just 21 million subscribers. The company marketed the show aggressively before its launch, billing it as "why they created the V-chip ". The resulting buzz led to the network earning an estimated $ 30 million in T-shirts sales alone before the first episode was even aired. South Park premiered in August 1997 and immediately became one of the most popular shows on cable television, averaging consistently between 3.5 and 5.5 million viewers. The show transformed
32300-422: The time, the team was also busy writing the second and third seasons of the series, the former of which Parker and Stone later described as "disastrous". As such, they figured the phenomenon would be over soon, and they decided to write a personal, fully committed musical. Parker and Stone fought with the MPAA to keep the film R-rated; for months the ratings board insisted on the more prohibitive NC-17 . The film
32490-427: The titular Colorado town. South Park also features many recurring characters. The series became infamous for its profanity and dark , surreal humor that satirizes a large range of subject matter . Parker and Stone developed South Park from two animated short films, both titled The Spirit of Christmas , released in 1992 and 1995. The second short became one of the first Internet viral videos , leading to
32680-559: The trailer had begun. "Horribly depressed", Parker funneled his frustrations with her into the project, naming Packer's "beloved but disloyal" horse after her. The trailer became somewhat of a sensation among students at the school, leading Virgil Grillo, the chairman and founder of the university's film department, to convince the quartet to expand it to a feature-length film. Parker wrote the film's script, creating an Oklahoma! -style musical featuring ten original show tunes . The group raised $ 125,000 from family and friends and began shooting
32870-419: The union of the sarugaku , with music and dance made by Kan'ami and Zeami Motokiyo . Among the characteristic aspects of it are the masks, costumes, and the stylized gestures, sometimes accompanied by a fan that can represent other objects. The Noh programs are presented in alternation with the ones of kyōgen , traditionally in numbers of five, but currently in groups of three. The kyōgen , of
33060-616: The villain Balthazar Bratt in Despicable Me 3 . The film, released in June 2017, was Parker's first voice role not scripted by either him or Matt Stone. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic , Parker, Stone, and Peter Serafinowicz created a web series, Sassy Justice . The series uses deepfake technology to insert unrelated celebrities and politicians into the fictional world of a television reporter. The first episode
33250-531: The voice sound more like that of a fourth grader. Isaac Hayes voiced the character of Chef , an African-American, soul-singing cafeteria worker who was one of the few adults the boys consistently trusted. Hayes agreed to voice the character after being among Parker and Stone's ideal candidates, which also included Lou Rawls and Barry White . Hayes, who lived and hosted a radio show in New York during his tenure with South Park , recorded his dialogue on
33440-518: The way, and they're all fuming." He graduated with a double-major Bachelor of Arts degree in 1993. In 1992, Parker, Stone, McHugh, and Ian Hardin founded a production company named the Avenging Conscience, named after the D. W. Griffith film by the same name , which all four actively disliked. Parker again employed the cutout paper technique on Avenging Conscience's first production, Jesus vs. Frosty (1992), an animated short pitting
33630-453: Was "a registered Libertarian ". In 2004, Parker summed up his views with the comment: What we're sick of—and it's getting even worse—is: you either like Michael Moore or you wanna fuckin' go overseas and shoot Iraqis. There can't be a middle ground. Basically, if you think Michael Moore's full of shit, then you are a super- Christian right-wing whatever. And we're both just pretty middle-ground guys. We find just as many things to rip on on
33820-473: Was a fan of Cannibal! , contacted the duo to produce a 15-minute short film for Seagram to show at a party for its acquisition of Universal Studios . Due to a misunderstanding, Parker and Stone improvised much of the film an hour before it was shot, creating it as a spoof of 1950s instructional videos. The result, Your Studio and You , features numerous celebrities, including Sylvester Stallone , Demi Moore , and Steven Spielberg . "You could probably make
34010-454: Was a musical score performed by the band Primus , with the lyrics alternately sung by the band's lead singer, Les Claypool , and the show's four central characters during the opening title sequence. Kenny's muffled lines are altered after every few seasons. His lines are usually sexually explicit in nature, such as his original lines, "I like girls with big fat titties, I like girls with deep vaginas". The original unaired opening composition
34200-413: Was available on Hulu by this point. As of July 2015, all episodes of South Park are available for streaming in Canada on the service CraveTV , which first consisted of seasons 1–18. Subsequent seasons were released the following July. In early October 2019, industry rumors suggested that the streaming rights for South Park were being offered to various services, creating an intense bidding war that
34390-426: Was estimated to be as high as US$ 500 million . HBO and South Park Digital Studios announced that HBO had secured a multi-year deal for the exclusive streaming rights for South Park on their HBO Max service starting June 24, 2020. While the terms of the deal were not disclosed, Variety reported the deal fell between US$ 500 million and US$ 550 million . Beginning with season 25 in 2022, HBO Max posts new episodes
34580-950: Was formerly broadcast on Global . South Park also airs in Irish on TG4 in Ireland, STV in Scotland, Comedy Central and MTV in the UK (previously on Sky One , Channel 4 , VIVA and 5Star ), B92 in Serbia , and on Game One and NRJ 12 in France . In September 2020, SBS, which aired South Park in Australia since 1997, removed South Park from its television line-up, though reruns could air on SBS Viceland. Broadcast syndication rights to South Park were acquired by Debmar-Mercury and Tribune Entertainment in 2003 and 2004 respectively. Episodes further edited for content began running in syndication on September 19, 2005, and were aired in
34770-425: Was initially chosen because its features helped animators retain the show's "homemade" look. PowerAnimator was also used for making some of the show's visual effects, which are now created using Motion , a newer graphics program created by Apple, Inc. for their Mac OS X operating system . The show's visual quality has improved in recent seasons, though several other techniques are used to intentionally preserve
34960-673: Was introduced to Japan around the 7th century. Later, washi was developed from it. Native Japanese painting techniques are still in use today, as well as techniques adopted from continental Asia and from the West. Schools of painting such as the Kano school of the 16th century became known for their bold brush strokes and contrast between light and dark, especially after Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu began to use this style. Famous Japanese painters include Kanō Sanraku , Maruyama Ōkyo , and Tani Bunchō . Ukiyo-e , literally means 'pictures of
35150-400: Was later withdrawn, and the sale was completed by November 19. They spent $ 40 million renovating the restaurant and hired Chef Dana Rodriguez to update the menu. The restaurant had a soft opening on May 26, 2023. In early June, Casa Bonita began taking reservations although a formal opening date had not been set. Parker and Stone amended the employee compensation system at Casa Bonita, removing
35340-529: Was only certified an R rating two weeks prior to its release, following contentious conversations between Parker/Stone, Rudin, and Paramount Pictures . Parker felt overwhelmed and overworked during the production process of the film, especially between April and the film's opening in late June. He admitted that press coverage, which proclaimed the end of South Park was near, bothered him. South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut opened in cinemas in June 1999 and received critical acclaim while grossing $ 83 million at
35530-486: Was originally slower and had a length of 40 seconds. It was deemed too long for the opening sequence. So Parker and Stone sped it up for the show's opening, having Claypool re-record his vocals. The instrumental version of the original composition is often played during the show's closing credits. The opening song played in the first four seasons (and the end credits in all seasons) has a folk rock instrumentation with bass guitar , trumpets and rhythmic drums. Its beat
35720-454: Was posted to YouTube on October 26, 2020. The team was originally assembled for a film project that was interrupted due to the pandemic, who made the video based on a series of impressions that Serafinowicz developed of a "sassy" Donald Trump . The creators have a handful of shorter videos alongside a 15-minute first episode that may be turned into an ongoing series, film, or other type of project. In August 2021, Parker and Stone signed
35910-694: Was the first weekly program to be rated TV-MA , and is generally intended for adult audiences. The boys and most other child characters use strong profanity, with only the most taboo words being bleeped during a typical broadcast. Parker and Stone perceive this as the manner in which real-life small boys speak when they are alone. South Park commonly makes use of carnivalesque and absurdist techniques, numerous running gags , violence , sexual content , offhand pop-cultural references, and satirical portrayal of celebrities. Early episodes tended to be shock value -oriented and featured more slapstick-style humor. While social satire had been used on
36100-462: Was titled Giant Beavers of Southern Sri Lanka (1989), parodying Godzilla -style rampages with beavers; fellow student Jason McHugh later remarked that the idea nearly got him laughed out of class. Parker and Stone wrote and acted in many short films together, among those First Date , Man on Mars and Job Application . Parker later remarked that he and Stone would shoot a film nearly every week, but he has since lost most of them. Parker first used
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