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101-439: The hospital was originally established in 1946 as 801 Army General Hospital . It was then has been renamed to Taiwan Army Hospital , Fifth Logistics General Hospital , First Army, Navy and Air Force General Hospital and First Army General Hospital . In July 1967, it was finally renamed as Tri-Service General Hospital . The Tingjhou branch of the medical center was used in the 2014 film Lucy . This article about

202-613: A chimpanzee . The creature had a small brain like a chimpanzee, but the pelvis and leg bones were almost identical in function to those of modern humans, showing with certainty that Lucy's species were hominins that had stood upright and had walked erect. With the permission of the government of Ethiopia, Johanson brought all the skeletal fragments to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio , where they were stabilized and reconstructed by anthropologist Owen Lovejoy . Lucy

303-446: A drug mule . One bag of the drug is sewn into her abdomen for transport to Europe. However, she is kicked in the stomach, breaking the bag and releasing a large quantity of the drug into her system. She acquires enhanced physical and mental capabilities, such as telepathy , telekinesis , mental time travel , and negated emotions; she also ceases to feel pain. Using her new abilities, she kills her captors and escapes. Lucy travels to

404-494: A flop , and that if "tracking holds, Lucy will solidify this new phase in Johansson's career as a marquee name." In U.S. and Canada, Lucy earned $ 61 million in ticket sales in 3,173 theaters, and attracted 7.6 million viewers in its opening week. Rocco said that widespread interest from ticket buyers indicated that Lucy brought "a different side to an action film," and that Universal Studios "had maintained high hopes for

505-450: A bit of my concentration because I'm bothered by that," adding that paparazzi intrusions meant "shooting at night time was a nightmare". Besson said two unnamed agencies from Hong Kong were especially disruptive. Lucy has the most visual effects in a film directed by Besson, with over 1,000 effects shots under senior visual effects supervisor Nicholas Brooks . Most visual effects were done by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), with

606-418: A black substance that begins spreading over computers and other electronic objects in the lab, transforming them all into one next-generation supercomputer . She mentally begins a spacetime journey into the past, eventually reaching the oldest discovered ancestor of mankind, Lucy . She shares a quiet moment with Lucy and the two touch fingertips, before she goes all the way to the beginning of time and witnesses

707-557: A book by Johanson and Edey. Beginning in 2007, the fossil assembly and associated artefacts were exhibited publicly in an extended six-year tour of the United States; the exhibition was called Lucy's Legacy: The Hidden Treasures of Ethiopia . There was discussion of the risks of damage to the unique fossils, and other museums preferred to display casts of the fossil assembly. The original fossils were returned to Ethiopia in 2013, and subsequent exhibitions have used casts. Ever since

808-402: A cause as to why this particular vertebrae was in worse condition than the other pieces. While accessing and restructuring Lucy's spinal column, it was noted to have been missing pieces that leave it incomplete. Not including an oddly worn out upper thoracic neutral arch, and the lumbar vertebrae , the other remaining thoracic vertebrae were compiled to form an incomplete formation. The formation

909-418: A dense labyrinth of cinematic references that somehow end up feeling sly rather than shopworn." Jordan Hoffman of The Guardian called the film "mindless and mixed up, but propulsive and fun" and added that "Scarlett Johansson shines in this pseudo-intellectual action flick that represents Luc Besson's finest work" since the film The Fifth Element ; he gave Lucy 3/5 stars, while IGN 's Jim Vejvoda rated

1010-473: A difference. Scarlett is a star, and her presence [in the film] made it a lot more appealing for women." Michael Bodey of The Australian commented that women having comprised half the audience is "a seemingly new precedent for an action film" and that, because of its box office performance, Lucy is the film out of all of Besson's film work "likely to have the greatest cultural impact." Thewire.com 's David Sims stated that Johansson's success with Lucy at

1111-439: A drug mule at the mercy of her captors to a superhuman with remarkable control over her body and a diminishing capacity for mercy." James Luxford of The Guardian said the trailer fit a theme evident in Johansson's past three films: characters who "evolve, mutate or vanish altogether". After the film premiered, critics said the trailers portrayed the film as more action-packed than it actually was. A behind-the-scenes preview of

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1212-526: A female Australopithecus afarensis , stating that her brain weight was only 400g, and modern human brains weigh in around 1.4 kg. "I was very interested with all the science," he said. "When I learned one cell can send 1000 messages per cell per second and we have 100 billion cells in our body, for me, it's gigantic." He did not want to make "a documentary about the brain," and so he focused on making an entertaining film with scientific and ethical aspects, which he cited as "quite rare today." He said, "That

1313-462: A feminist film, and though we will not go that far, it would be wrong to deny that a woman is portrayed as the source of solutions intended to save the world." Libération wrote, "Beyond the success or embellishment which adorns each new scene with a spectacular swagger of violence and improbable turns, there is a strong feeling that Luc Besson now makes films from a position beyond merely marketing considerations." Le Nouvel Observateur wrote, "It

1414-402: A femur (thigh bone) a few feet (about one meter) away. As they explored further, they found more and more bones on the slope, including vertebrae , part of a pelvis , ribs , and pieces of jaw. They marked the spot and returned to camp, excited at finding so many pieces apparently from one individual hominin. In the afternoon, all members of the expedition returned to the gully to section off

1515-424: A fully juiced cerebellum just made Cooper's character really, really capable, Lucy undergoes a metaphysical makeover that, by the film's midpoint, has started to rearrange time, space, and her body." Comparing Lucy's powers to characters Professor X , The Doctor , Dr. Manhattan , Galactus , God from Bruce Almighty , Scarlet Witch , and Tetsuo from Akira , Hollywood.com 's Jordan Smith stated that "Lucy may be

1616-565: A hospital in Taiwan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lucy (2014 film) Lucy is a 2014 English-language French science fiction action film written and directed by Luc Besson for his company EuropaCorp , and produced by his wife, Virginie Besson-Silla . It was shot in Taipei , Paris , and New York City . It stars Scarlett Johansson , Morgan Freeman , Choi Min-sik , and Amr Waked . Johansson portrays Lucy,

1717-461: A mix of ancestral and derived traits . The femoral head is small and the femoral neck is short; both are primitive traits. The greater trochanter , however, is clearly a derived trait, being short and human-like—even though, unlike in humans, it is situated higher than the femoral head. The length ratio of her humerus (arm) to femur (thigh) is 84.6%, which compares to 71.8% for modern humans, and 97.8% for common chimpanzees, indicating that either

1818-632: A related hominid, Ardipithecus , was found in the same Awash Valley in 1992. " Ardi ", like "Lucy", was a hominid-becoming-hominin species, but, dated at 4.4  million years ago , it had evolved much earlier than the afarensis species. Excavation, preservation, and analysis of the specimen Ardi was very difficult and time-consuming; work was begun in 1992, with the results not fully published until October 2009. Initial attempts were made in 1974 by Maurice Taieb and James Aronson in Aronson's laboratory at Case Western Reserve University to estimate

1919-468: A summer of strong women (previous successful female-driven films in the year being Maleficent and The Fault in Our Stars ), and a slick marketing campaign (the trailers for the film emphasizing a high concept narrative, action and mayhem while de-emphasizing "philosophical and metaphysical pontificating"). Early reviews for the film were positive and mixed, and later generally positive. Lucy

2020-477: A team headed by supervisor Richard Bluff. Bluff described Lucy as "really fun because it wasn't a thousand shots of robots or things we typically do," instead relying on short sequences "that required a lot of new ways to problem-solve and to visualize them." ILM began work on the project in July 2013, based on concept art provided by Besson's Europacorp, such as Lucy disintegrating and sprouting black tendrils. Among

2121-458: A text message: "I am everywhere." Lucy's voice is heard stating "Life was given to us a billion years ago. Now you know what to do with it." Speaking of Besson's "interest in making the film one about the way we interact with our environment, and socially as well," Silla said that one of the goals was to bring together a diverse cast to show the planet's diversity and a mixture of the different cultures. She stated, "So we have Scarlett Johansson, who

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2222-402: A walking-gait that was bipedal and upright, akin to that of humans (and other hominins ); this combination supports the view of human evolution that bipedalism preceded increase in brain size . A 2016 study proposes that Australopithecus afarensis was at least partly, tree-dwelling , though the extent of this is debated. Lucy was named by Pamela Alderman after the 1967 song " Lucy in

2323-465: A wildly different direction than the amusingly amoral Limitless , in which Bradley Cooper's character abused a similar drug, but used it to gain success, money and power. He was selfish. Lucy is selfless." Prigge added, "If Lucy is Limitless , it's Limitless with more than a dash of The Tree of Life , and even a bit" of the film Under the Skin , which also stars Johansson. Burr commented that "where

2424-465: A woman who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic , psychedelic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream. The film was released on 25 July 2014 and became a massive box office success, grossing over $ 469 million worldwide, more than eleven times the budget of $ 40 million. It received generally positive, but also polarized, critical reviews. Although praise was given for its themes, visuals, and Johansson's performance, many critics found

2525-428: Is "nothing more than an urban myth." He cited neuropsychology professor Barbara Sahakian , quoting that "it's impossible to work out how much of our brain we are using quantitatively. However, it is definitely much more than 10 per cent." Chang stated that because Besson "seems more interested in engaging, playfully yet seriously, with the various biological, philosophical and metaphysical riddles that [the film] raises,"

2626-632: Is "too derived to occupy a position as a common ancestor of both the Homo and robust australopith clades". Work at the American Museum of Natural History uncovered a possible Theropithecus vertebral fragment that was found mixed in with Lucy's vertebrae, but confirmed the remainder belonged to her. Lucy's cause of death has not been determined. The specimen does not show the signs of post-mortem bone damage characteristic of animals killed by predators and then scavenged. The only visible damage

2727-413: Is Caucasian, Morgan Freeman, who is African-American, Min-Sik Choi, who is from Korea, and Amr Waked, who hails from Egypt." Besson stated that he intended for the first part of Lucy to be like Léon: The Professional (which he also wrote and directed), the second part to be like Inception and the third part to be like 2001: A Space Odyssey . He was intrigued by the brain capacity of Lucy ,

2828-429: Is a single carnivore tooth mark on the top of her left pubic bone, believed to have occurred at or around the time of death, but which is not necessarily related to her death. Her third molars were erupted and slightly worn and, therefore, it was concluded that she was fully matured with completed skeletal development. There are indications of degenerative disease to her vertebrae that do not necessarily indicate old age. It

2929-437: Is an impeccably realized vision of Besson's view of things." By contrast, John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter stated that "plenty of films and novels have envisioned what would happen if we gained conscious control over our entire brain," but that "it's hard to recall one whose ideas were more laughable than this one." He stated that the audience may "roll with the film" as Lucy does things beyond human capability, but that

3030-435: Is associated with approximately 9 vertebrae . Although Lucy was found with a relatively intact and well preserved sacrum, she was missing pieces in her spinal column. Lucy's discoverers and later workers had given the vertebrae provisional level assignments to locations within the vertebral column. Some vertebrae were in worse conditions than others. Lucy had a worn out upper thoracic neutral arch. Researchers have yet to find

3131-606: Is believed that she was a mature but young adult when she died. In 2016 researchers at the University of Texas at Austin suggested that Lucy died after falling from a tall tree. Donald Johanson and Tim White disagreed with the suggestions. The Lucy skeleton is preserved at the National Museum of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa . A plaster replica is publicly displayed there instead of the original skeleton. A cast of

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3232-597: Is displayed at The Field Museum in Chicago. A six-year exhibition tour of the United States was undertaken during 2007–13; it was titled Lucy's Legacy: The Hidden Treasures of Ethiopia and it featured the actual Lucy fossil reconstruction and over 100 artifacts from prehistoric times to the present. The tour was organized by the Houston Museum of Natural Science and was approved by the Ethiopian government and

3333-414: Is far less derived than her postcranium . Her neurocranium is small and primitive , while she possesses more spatulate canines than other apes. The cranial capacity was about 375 to 500  cubic centimeters . Australopithecus afarensis seems to have had the same conical rib-cage found in today's non-human great apes (like the chimpanzee and gorilla), which allows room for a large stomach and

3434-461: Is operating with even fewer synapses [than the capacity of ten percent]. Here, his style is slick but hand-holdingly literal" and "as the newly bionic Lucy seeks vengeance, Besson even tries to convince us she's a strong female character, which to the majority of male action directors simply means a sexy, silent badass. The real females in the audience may wonder why a genius would limp across a multi-continental gunfight in five-inch Louboutins." Among

3535-601: The Big Bang . Meanwhile, Jang enters the lab and points a gun at Lucy, whose body has reformed. He shoots at her head, but by that point Lucy has reached 100% of her brain capacity and promptly disappears, moving into the spacetime continuum . Only her clothes and the black supercomputer are left behind. Del Rio enters and fatally shoots Jang. Norman takes a black flash drive offered by the supercomputer, after which it too disintegrates. Del Rio asks Norman where Lucy is, immediately after which Del Rio's cell phone sounds and he sees

3636-520: The Cleveland Museum of Natural History , who later founded the Institute of Human Origins , now part of Arizona State University ; Yves Coppens (1934–2022, co-director), a French paleoanthropologist appointed in 1983 a professor at the Collège de France , which is considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment, and Mary Leakey , the noted British paleoanthropologist. An expedition

3737-776: The Hadar Formation for paleoanthropology in 1970 in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia , then in Hararghe province; he recognized its potential as a likely repository of the fossils and artifacts of human origins. Taieb formed the International Afar Research Expedition (IARE) and invited three prominent international scientists to conduct research expeditions into the region. Under his directorship, these were: Donald Johanson (co-director), an American paleoanthropologist and curator at

3838-467: The "long-back" model of hominoid vertebral evolution. There are some disagreements in the community about the fifth sacral segment and if fossil damage was enough to change the fifth segment or if it was originally in that state. Discussed in the Journal, researchers conclude that Lucy having only four sacral segments is consistent with other findings related to early Miocene hominoids . Lucy's back

3939-412: The 'R-rated original concept female-driven action movie.'" Leading in the weekend's ticket sales on online ticket service Fandango , Lucy outsold action thrillers Oblivion , Elysium and Edge of Tomorrow "at the same point in the sales cycle." It additionally outsold The Bourne Legacy ($ 38.1 million) and Salt ($ 36 million), compared to their opening weekend spots, but failed to surpass

4040-486: The 1920s, Raymond Dart discovered the Taung child . That skeleton seemed bipedal (unlike chimps), but lacked skull space for a powerful brain. Without further data to contextualize Dart's find, anthropologists could not prove whether bipedality, intelligence, or some other trait had first distinguished proto-humans from their great ape relatives. French geologist and paleoanthropologist Maurice Taieb discovered

4141-509: The Galaxy , Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , and The Expendables 3 , a contrast to "this less-competitive late July date." Oliver Gettell of Los Angeles Times commented similarly, citing five reasons for the film's successful opening weekend: A catchy sci-fi hook (the ten percent of brain myth), Johansson as an action star, Besson as a crowd-pleaser (known for films that please audiences, especially ones that craft strong female characters),

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4242-522: The Lucy fragments were found. The team returned for the second field season the following year and found hominin jaws . Then, on the morning of November 24, 1974, near the Awash River , Johanson abandoned a plan to update his field notes and joined graduate student Tom Gray to search Locality 162 for bone fossils. By Johanson's later (published) accounts, both he and Tom Gray spent two hours on

4343-513: The Sky with Diamonds " by the Beatles , which was played loudly and repeatedly in the expedition camp all evening after the excavation team's first day of work on the recovery site. After public announcement of the discovery, Lucy captured much international interest, becoming a household name at the time. Lucy became famous worldwide, and the story of her discovery and reconstruction was published in

4444-425: The U.S. State Department. A portion of the proceeds from the tour was designated to modernizing Ethiopia's museums. There was controversy in advance of the tour over concerns about the fragility of the specimens, with various experts including paleoanthropologist Owen Lovejoy and anthropologist and conservationist Richard Leakey publicly stating their opposition, while discoverer Don Johanson, despite concerns for

4545-520: The United States. It opened with $ 17,088,110, placing it in the top spot for the box office opening weekend, ahead of the competing film Hercules , which debuted in the number two spot with $ 11,058,454. Lucy , described as "bringing a needed boost to the ailing summer box office," did financially better than expected, as early box office estimates for the film placed it "on track for $ 14 million to $ 15 million on Friday, including $ 2.7 million from 2,386 late Thursday screenings." It earned $ 43,899,340 at

4646-466: The age of the fossils using the potassium-argon radiometric dating method . These efforts were hindered by several factors: the rocks in the recovery area were chemically altered or reworked by volcanic activity; datable crystals were very scarce in the sample material; and there was a complete absence of pumice clasts at Hadar. (The Lucy skeleton occurs in the part of the Hadar sequence that accumulated with

4747-403: The angle of the knee joint clearly showed that this fossil, reference AL 129-1 , was an upright walking hominin. This fossil was later dated at more than three million years old—much older than other hominin fossils known at the time. The site lay about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the site where "Lucy" subsequently was found, in a rock stratum 60 metres (200 ft) deeper than that in which

4848-468: The arms of A. afarensis were beginning to shorten, the legs were beginning to lengthen, or both were occurring simultaneously. Lucy also had a lordose curve, or lumbar curve , another indicator of habitual bipedalism. She apparently had physiological flat feet, not to be confused with pes planus or any pathology, even though other afarensis individuals appear to have had arched feet. Johanson recovered Lucy's left innominate bone and sacrum . Though

4949-428: The best opening day for United International Pictures (UIP), and the best August opening day of all-time. Lucy is also the second most successful debut for a French action film. The audience for Lucy was split evenly between men and women, with 65 percent being over age 25. Nikki Rocco, president for domestic distribution at Universal Studios , said, "To have a female lead in an original property absolutely made

5050-517: The box office would be "no mean feat given that it's a European R-rated action movie opening against a PG-13 epic with a more proven action star" in Dwayne Johnson (The Rock). "She's obviously had supporting roles in Marvel blockbusters but [Johansson] has never opened a blockbuster as an above-the-title star," he stated, adding that The Island was her first real attempt at doing so, but was

5151-500: The braincase. During evolution of the human lineage these muscles seem to have weakened with the loss of the myosin gene MYH16 , a two base-pair deletion that occurred possibly about 2.4 million years ago. A study of the mandible across a number of specimens of A. afarensis indicated that Lucy's jaw was rather unlike other hominins, having a more gorilla-like appearance. Rak et al. concluded that this morphology arose "independently in gorillas and hominins", and that A. afarensis

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5252-460: The country's efforts to bring itself to the world stage." It opened at twenty two Taipei theaters, grossing NT$ 14.3 million (US$ 478,000) from 57,900 admissions, and, after two days there, made NT$ 25.6 million (US$ 854,000) in the capital, later earning over NT$ 38 million (US$ 1.27 million) from seventy five locations nationwide, making it the fourth best opening day in Taiwan, after Transformers: Age of Extinction , Iron Man 3 and The Avengers ,

5353-1087: The criticisms: "who comes to a Besson movie seeking logic? Lucy stays true to its own invented physics." Besson said he knew of the ten percent myth, and that the film uses it as a metaphor, while Robbie Collin for The Daily Telegraph concluded the film is based on the Kantian model of transcendental idealism , where the human mind imposes order on the world to make sense of it, and without it all relations between objects in space and time would cease to exist. Lucy has been compared to various films; common examples include Akira , 2001: A Space Odyssey , The Matrix , The Tree of Life , Transcendence , and especially Limitless . Chang said, "Lucy's gradual rise to omniscience and omnipotence recalls Neo's own such journey in The Matrix , while her many black-suited Korean opponents suggest another army of Agent Smiths," and added that, when Lucy "uploads herself, Big Brother-style, to every computer and TV screen in

5454-407: The development of evolutionary theory in the early 19th century, biologists recognized that humans must be distantly related to all other species . Without transitional fossils , scientists presumed that humans' closest relatives were the great apes . They also assumed the first traits to evolve after speciation related to intelligence : big brains , tool use , and complex language. In

5555-401: The domestic box office for the opening weekend, with Hercules remaining at second place with $ 29 million. Globally, Lucy debuted at the number one box office spot in all markets it was released in outside of U.S. and Canada, as of August 8. In Taipei, the film's performance has been credited to roughly half of the film having been shot there, and it having "boost[ed] Taiwan's popularity amid

5656-418: The drug. With the help of Del Rio, Lucy is able to recover the rest of the drugs. Meeting Norman and his colleagues, she agrees to share with them everything she knows. In the professor's lab, Lucy discusses the nature of time and life and how people's humanity distorts their perceptions. At her urging, she is intravenously injected with the contents of all three remaining bags of CPH4. Her body changes into

5757-467: The fastest rate of deposition, which partly accounts for her excellent preservation.) Fieldwork at Hadar was suspended in the winter of 1976–77. When it was resumed thirteen years later in 1990, the more precise argon-argon technology had been updated by Derek York at the University of Toronto . By 1992 Aronson and Robert Walter had found two suitable samples of volcanic ash —the older layer of ash

5858-499: The film "so idiotic that the only way to properly convey its flaws is to enumerate them". Justin Chang of Variety called Lucy "a slickly engineered showcase for a kickass heroine whom we instinctively, unhesitatingly root for" and an enjoyable, "agreeably goofy, high-concept" speculative narrative devoid of self-importance because "it pays deft, knowing homage to any number of Hollywood sci-fi head-trip classics, embedding its ideas in

5959-577: The film a 7.2 and said "this movie is all about Johansson, who's in almost every scene. She ably plays the title character as she transforms from average person to omnipotent entity" and "ultimately, more of Lucy works than doesn't. It's a fun movie even if its 'science' more than strains suspension of disbelief. It's a credit to Besson's style and Johansson's performance that Lucy isn't a train wreck." The San Francisco Chronicle ' s Mick LaSalle said, "You can scoff at Besson's philosophies and hypotheses, but to do that would miss what's in front of you. Lucy

6060-402: The film does not justify "Lucy's increasingly godlike abilities, which soon include time travel and levitation. Every now and then, a nugget of real philosophy is dropped into the screenplay, but it's surrounded by so much blather that even a generous viewer has trouble using it to justify what Lucy experiences." Writing for LA Weekly , Amy Nicholson stated that Besson "must think the audience

6161-437: The film has a weighted average score of 62 out of 100, based on 456 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on a A+ to F scale. Based on 14 press reviews, French website AlloCiné gave the film an average rating of 2.6 out of 5. The film received a score of 84% on French website Cinémur. In France, the film received 14 press reviews. Regarding

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6262-498: The film in Taipei, where scenes were shot, Besson commented further about the possibility of a sequel: "I don't see how we can do one. It's not made for that. If I find something good enough, maybe I will, but for now I don't even think about it." In June 2015, it was reported that a sequel was in development. In October 2017, it was rumored that Besson had completed the script, but on 5 October he announced on his Facebook page that he

6363-575: The film was released on July 10. In his 2014 book, Great Myths of the Brain , Christian Jarrett dismisses the film's portrayal of the potential for "mastering all knowledge and hurling cars with her mind" as being fully speculative fiction. Lucy grossed $ 126.7 million in North America and $ 336.7 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $ 463.4 million, against a budget of $ 40 million. On July 25, Lucy opened at 3,172 theaters in

6464-479: The flaws with the film is Lucy's invincibility because it "nullifies much of the drama to come." Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune said that the first twenty minutes of the film are good, but that by half an hour of runtime, the audience will realize that Lucy has no limits, which makes the film dull after a while with a "limited payoff". The Boston Globe ' s Ty Burr , on the other hand, stated of

6565-482: The fuck is this film?' But some others will embrace it. I totally understand that we can't take this kind of risk on every movie, but at the same time, you can't progress if there is not risk and novelty." He added, "I guess the film has the possibility to be a hit with the American audience. Of course, I would rather that it perform and the people are happy with it." With an estimated budget of 48 million euros, Lucy

6666-427: The increasingly hot and arid plain, surveying the dusty terrain. On a hunch, Johanson decided to look at the bottom of a small gully that had been checked at least twice before by other workers. At first view nothing was immediately visible, but as they turned to leave a fossil caught Johanson's eye; an arm bone fragment was lying on the slope. Near it lay a fragment from the back of a small skull. They noticed part of

6767-410: The left. A later reconstruction by Tim White showed a broad iliac flare and a definite anterior wrap , indicating that Lucy had an unusually broad inner acetabular distance and unusually long superior pubic rami. Her pubic arch was over 90 degrees and derived; that is, similar to modern human females. Her acetabulum, however, was small and primitive. While examining Lucy's fossilized remains, it

6868-578: The locations of the drug mules who are carrying the three other bags of CPH4. Lucy contacts scientist Samuel Norman, whose research may be the key to return her to normal. After Lucy speaks with Norman (and provides proof of her developed abilities) she flies to Paris and contacts local police captain Pierre Del Rio to help her find the other three drug mules. During the flight, she has a sip of champagne, which causes her cells to start destabilizing. To stave off her disintegration, Lucy ingests more of

6969-428: The longer intestine needed for digesting voluminous plant matter. Fully 60% of the blood supply of non-human apes is used in the digestion process, greatly impeding the development of brain function (which is limited thereby to using about 10% of the circulation). The heavier musculature of the jaws—those muscles operating the intensive masticatory process for chewing plant material—similarly would also limit development of

7070-437: The main criticisms of the film were the ten percent of brain myth , Lucy becoming less empathetic and more robotic as her brain capacity increases, her invincibility, and the use of animal imagery to convey "obvious points". Ralph Blackburn of Belfast Telegraph called the notion of only using ten percent of the brain an "often-quoted idea" that "has obvious Hollywood potential," but, according to leading neuroscientists ,

7171-669: The material ILM studied as reference for the effects were chemical reactions, laser lighting displays seen at raves, and the work of artist Perry Hall , who had worked with Brooks in What Dreams May Come . Rodeo FX handled the Paris chase scene, Taipei matte paintings , and the visual representation of cell phones' radio waves seen by Lucy's enhanced vision. The film's score was composed by Éric Serra , who has scored all of Besson's films except Angel-A and The Family . British musician Damon Albarn contributed

7272-418: The most powerful film character ever created," but indicated that Tetsuo's powers might match hers. Hollywood journalist Nikki Finke reported in a July 2014 post on her film industry blog that: "In August, a Lucy graphic novel will be released online with four chapters appearing every other day for one week." The first chapter of the semi-animated graphic novel was published on the international version of

7373-423: The movie's official website and features the same story material as seen in trailers with picture elements that move as scrolling takes place. In an April 2014 WonderCon interview, Besson was asked about the possibility of a Lucy sequel and stated, "With Lucy , you'll see the end of the film. I don't know how we can make a sequel, but if the film is huge, then I will think about it." In August, while promoting

7474-399: The nearby Tri-Service General Hospital to get the bag of drugs removed. She is told by the operating doctor that natural CPH4 is produced in tiny quantities by pregnant women during their sixth week of pregnancy to provide fetuses with the energy to develop . As her abilities continue to develop, Lucy returns to Mr. Jang's hotel, kills his bodyguards, assaults him, and telepathically extracts

7575-445: The opening weekend grosses for Wanted ($ 50.9 million) and Taken 2 ($ 49.5 million). Ray Subers of Box Office Mojo stated, "The fact that it even came close, though, is a fairly remarkable feat for this moderately-budgeted original action movie." Subers said that there are a few contributing factors to Lucy' s success, commenting, "First, the movie had an intriguing premise (what if we could use more than 10% of our brains?) that

7676-541: The original skeleton in its reconstructed form is displayed at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History . At the American Museum of Natural History in New York City a diorama presents Australopithecus afarensis and other human predecessors, showing each species and its habitat and explaining the behaviors and capabilities assigned to each. A cast of the skeleton as well as a corpus reconstruction of Lucy

7777-410: The pieces were from a single individual; ultimately, it was determined that an amazing 40 percent of a hominin skeleton was recovered at the site. Johanson assessed it as female based on the one complete pelvic bone and sacrum, which indicated the width of the pelvic opening. Lucy was 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall, weighed 29 kg (64 lb), and (after reconstruction) looked somewhat like

7878-410: The plot nonsensical, especially its focus on the ten percent of the brain myth and resulting abilities. Lucy is an American studying in Taipei, Taiwan . Her new boyfriend Richard tricks her into delivering a briefcase containing four bags of the highly valuable synthetic drug CPH4 to Mr. Jang, a South Korean drug lord. After witnessing Richard being shot dead, she is captured and forced to become

7979-521: The positive reception, Danielle Attali wrote in Le Journal du dimanche that "Luc Besson's thriller shows a successful talent to entertain and keep in suspense". In Voici , the reviewer also appreciated the work of Besson, stating that he "returns to action films with this wacky cross between a superhero film and film about Asian gangsters, amped up by the always sexy Scarlett Johansson". In Le Parisien , Magali Gruet stated, "Some have called this

8080-585: The possibility of damage, felt the tour would raise awareness of human origins studies. The Smithsonian Institution , Cleveland Museum of Natural History and other museums declined to host the exhibits. The Houston Museum made arrangements for exhibiting at ten other museums, including the Pacific Science Center in Seattle . In September 2008, between the exhibits in Houston and Seattle,

8181-430: The pre-human hominid and fossil hominin, captured much public notice; she became almost a household name at the time. Some nine years later, and fully assembled, she was returned to Ethiopia. Additional finds of A. afarensis were made during the 1970s and forward, gaining for anthropologists a better understanding of the ranges of morphic variability and sexual dimorphism within the species. A more complete skeleton of

8282-401: The sacrum was remarkably well preserved, the innominate was distorted, leading to two different reconstructions. The first reconstruction had little iliac flare and virtually no anterior wrap, creating an ilium that greatly resembled that of an ape. However, this reconstruction proved to be faulty, as the superior pubic rami would not have been able to connect were the right ilium identical to

8383-510: The site and prepare it for careful excavation and collection, which eventually took three weeks. That first evening they celebrated at the camp; at some stage during the evening they named fossil AL 288-1 "Lucy", after the Beatles ' song " Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds " (1967), which was being played loudly and repeatedly on a tape recorder in the camp. Over the next three weeks the team found several hundred pieces or fragments of bone with no duplication, confirming their original speculation that

8484-613: The skeletal assembly was taken to the University of Texas at Austin for 10 days to perform high-resolution CT scans of the fossils. Lucy was exhibited at the Discovery Times Square Exposition in New York City from June until October 2009. In New York, the exhibition included Ida (Plate B), the other half of the recently announced Darwinius masilae fossil. She was also exhibited in Mexico at

8585-570: The skeleton of a female of the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis . It was discovered in 1974 in Ethiopia , at Hadar , a site in the Awash Valley of the Afar Triangle , by Donald Johanson , a paleoanthropologist of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History . Lucy is an early australopithecine and is dated to about 3.2 million years ago. The skeleton presents a small skull akin to that of non-hominin apes , plus evidence of

8686-447: The song "Sister Rust". The soundtrack was released on 22 July 2014 by Back Lot Music. Distributor Universal Pictures issued several print and digital posters for Lucy. The theatrical release poster had this tagline: "The average person uses 10% of their brain capacity. Imagine what she could do with 100%." On 15 August 2014, Universal Pictures released two advance posters for the upcoming comedy film Dumb and Dumber To that spoofed

8787-406: The story is lacking as an action film and is not "much of a thriller – it's virtually an anti-thriller, devoid of suspense or any real sense of danger due to the fact that its heroine is more or less invincible," and that "at times it's hard to shake the sense that a smarter, more unbridled picture might have found a way to slip the bonds of genre altogether." Like Chang, DeFore felt that one of

8888-497: The theatrical release poster for Lucy . On 2 April 2014 the first trailer for Lucy was released. It was described as having "hit the Internet with the force of a punch to the head," with reviewers wrote that it promised "a wild ride with Johansson rendering people unconscious with a flick of her wrist"; "awesome" as "the girl who was once exploited becomes very, very dangerous"; and "wonderfully insane as Johansson goes from

8989-462: The vicinity," the film suggests "a livelier, less ponderous remake" of Transcendence. Hoffman said, "The end of the movie goes completely off the rails, but in a way that is charming in its stupidity. It's like 2001: A Space Odyssey for those with short attention spans, and those people need to have their minds blown, too, I suppose." Matt Prigge of Metro New York , while calling the film "stupid, smart and awesome," stated that it "smartly goes in

9090-405: The world's tallest skyscrapers. Some footage was filmed with IMAX cameras. On 23 October, The Hollywood Reporter said Besson had become enraged by all the media attention the shoot was getting that day. Meeting reporters in Taipei a day after he finished shooting the Taiwan part of the film, he said, "We don't want pictures with new dresses of Scarlett. Sometime [ sic ] I lost

9191-503: Was about 18 m below the fossil and the younger layer was only one meter below, closely marking the age of deposition of the specimen. These samples were argon-argon dated by Walter in the geochronology laboratory of the Institute of Human Origins at 3.22 and 3.18 million years. One of the most striking characteristics of the Lucy skeleton is a valgus knee , which indicates that she normally moved by walking upright. Her femur presents

9292-407: Was arranged from the sixth thoracic vertebrae (T6) to its caudal end (T12), with the seventh thoracic vertebrae (T7) missing. As of 2015, the continuity differs in the thoracic series between researchers and is being reevaluated. Although there are new studies and reassessments being done, it does not refute previous work or conclusions about Lucy's spine. The cranial evidence recovered from Lucy

9393-429: Was believed that Lucy's sacrum had five fused elements. The sacrum was found to be in good condition with little damage done. Although the sacrum had five fused elements, the transverse processes of the most caudal element were not seen to connect to the segments craniad to it. This would result in researchers concluding that the sacrum suffered fossil damage which led to the fifth segment not connecting. Although this

9494-446: Was categorized as entertaining and silly, but also polarizing, by critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , it holds an approval rating of 67% based on 240 reviews, with an average rating of 6.00/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Enthusiastic and silly, Lucy powers through the movie's logic gaps with cheesy thrills plus Scarlett Johansson's charm – and mostly succeeds at it." On review aggregator Metacritic ,

9595-627: Was front-and-center in action-packed, visually-stunning advertisements." He said that this helped Johansson's lead role of Lucy appear to be "a natural extension of the butt-kicking brand she's built" as Black Widow in The Avengers and Captain America: The Winter Soldier , and that "recognizing that audiences were connecting with the material, Universal made the savvy decision to move Lucy up from mid-August," where it instead would have been competing with Guardians of

9696-557: Was my goal: an action film with a purpose. When I was younger, the purpose I had was smaller. Basically, this is about us, our legacy and what we learn."' An animated version of Australopithecus being in the film, "modeled on the dawn of Man sequence from 2001: A Space Odyssey ", is one of several of Lucy 's homages . "I live in a country of food, and you can't have a third star in a restaurant (the top Michelin rating ) without risk, invention or creativity", Besson said. "I'd rather take some risks, and maybe some people will say, 'What

9797-454: Was not working on a sequel for Lucy . On October 31, 2022, a spin-off series was announced to be in development by EuropaCorp and Village Roadshow with Freeman in talks to reprise his role. Lucy (Australopithecus) AL 288-1 , commonly known as Lucy or Dinkʼinesh ( Amharic : ድንቅ ነሽ , lit.   'you are marvellous'), is a collection of several hundred pieces of fossilized bone comprising 40 percent of

9898-421: Was soon mounted with seven French and four American participants; in the autumn of 1973 the team began surveying sites around Hadar for signs related to the origin of humans. In November 1973, near the end of the first field season, Johanson noticed a fossil of the upper end of a shinbone , which had been sliced slightly at the front. The lower end of a femur was found near it, and when he fitted them together,

9999-565: Was the case, in the mid-2010s studies came out with new theories as to why Lucy's fifth sacral segment is in that shape. Some researchers conclude that Lucy has only four sacral segments. Published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology , researchers suggest that fossil damage did not shorten the transverse process and that Lucy's sacrum was in this state from the beginning. This specific study points to Lucy's sacrum having four sacral segments which researchers say conforms with

10100-559: Was the second-largest French film production in 2013, and the biggest ever for EuropaCorp , the company founded by Besson in 2000. Principal photography started in September 2013 at the Cité du Cinéma , a then-new megastudio on the outskirts of Paris . On 5 September, scenes were shot at the cliffs of Étretat in northern France. Eleven days of filming began in Taipei , Taiwan , on 21 October; locations included Taipei 101 , one of

10201-838: Was unclear how such a contrived portrayal can delude audiences once the novelty becomes dissipated." Among U.S. reviews, Christopher Orr of The Atlantic reviewed it through the list of 26 points, in an article published in The Atlantic under title "The Dumbest Movie Ever Made About Brain Capacity". Orr begins with describing it as "mind-bendingly miscalculated sci-fi vehicle for Scarlett Johansson" whom he sees as "moderately charismatic", and film's 89 minutes length as "mercifully brief", although saying that "quantity of inanity" squeezed into this screen time "beggars that of awful movies of substantially greater length". He ultimately explains his choice of review format through points by calling

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