108-530: Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC was an American media company which operated as a subsidiary of Tribune Media , a media conglomerate based in Chicago , Illinois . The group owned and operated television and radio stations throughout the United States, as well as full- or partial-ownership of cable television and national digital subchannel networks. Tribune's broadcasting unit originated with
216-430: A soft cover . Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of periodicals , distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription-only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising. Magazines can be classified as: A newspaper
324-459: A $ 6.4 billion all-cash purchase of Tribune Media on December 3, 2018. The sale was completed on September 19, 2019, with KSWB not subject to any additional transactions. On May 8, 2023, Nexstar announced that it would acquire KUSI-TV from McKinnon Broadcasting for $ 35 million with the intention of making it an affiliate of The CW when the affiliation becomes available. The deal was completed on August 31. As early as 1997, rumors circulated of
432-407: A bidding war. After both parties bid in 22 rounds to push the price to $ 70 million, Tribune bid $ 70.5 million without United matching it, winning the right to buy KTTY. After the debts—which had increased to $ 26 million—were covered, the owners of San Diego Television split $ 44 million. Tribune assumed control of KTTY on April 19, 1996; 20 people lost their jobs, as the new owners only rehired 34 of
540-488: A book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was Tchaikovsky 's Nutcracker Suite , release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by Odeon Records . It retailed for 16 shillings —about £ 15 in modern currency. A music video (also promo) is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song . Modern music videos were primarily made and used as
648-438: A catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, advanced calculators, mobile phones, PDAs , etc. Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical or mechanical re-creation or amplification of sound , often as music . This involves the use of audio equipment such as microphones, recording devices and loudspeakers. From early beginnings with
756-584: A daily lifestyle show with paid segments, The Localist SD . Since 2022, KSWB airs 11 Los Angeles Clippers regular season games a year syndicated from Nexstar sister station KTLA . The station's signal is multiplexed : On January 16, 2024, KUSI-TV converted to ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) broadcasting of the two Nexstar stations, with the main KUSI subchannel moving to the KSWB multiplex. KSWB shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 69, on February 17, 2009,
864-492: A device used to access a mass medium (the Internet). Video games may also be evolving into a mass medium. Video games (for example, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as RuneScape ) provide a common gaming experience to millions of users across the globe and convey the same messages and ideologies to all their users. Users sometimes share the experience with one another by playing online. Excluding
972-684: A marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when Music Television 's format was based on them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse. Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including animation , live-action films, documentaries , and non-narrative, abstract film . The Internet (also known simply as "the Net" or less precisely as "the Web")
1080-424: A more powerful media than either TV or the internet, starting with mobile being permanently carried and always connected. Mobile has the best audience accuracy and is the only mass media with a built-in payment channel available to every user without any credit cards or PayPal accounts or even an age limit. Mobile is often called the 7th Mass Medium and either the fourth screen (if counting cinema, TV and PC screens) or
1188-470: A network affiliation after an FCC ruling forced ABC to move to a U.S. station in 1973. It gave Tribune a seventh station airing Fox programming, solidifying its status as the second-largest Fox affiliate owner. On July 2, 2008, Bay City Television/Grupo Televisa signed an affiliation agreement to bring The CW's programming over to XETV. With the Fox affiliation agreement, KSWB-TV's ten-year contract with The CW
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#17327915820481296-461: A new San Diego Padres rights package, KTTY picked up a scheduled 36 games a season for two years, one of three different outlets airing Padres games in 1994 and 1995 (alongside KFMB-TV and Prime Sports ). It also affiliated with The WB , one of two new networks launching in January 1995. On August 29, 1995, in a Los Angeles courtroom, bidders competed at bankruptcy auction to buy KTTY. Prior to
1404-666: A new network that would feature The WB and CBS-owned UPN 's higher-rated shows mixed with newer series, called The CW Television Network. All but three of Tribune's 19 WB affiliates became affiliates of The CW on September 18, 2006, through ten-year agreements (the exceptions were in Philadelphia, Seattle and Atlanta, due to The CW affiliating with CBS-owned stations in those markets), though Tribune itself would not exercise an ownership stake in The CW as it did with The WB. In April 2007, Tribune's broadcasting interests were included in
1512-457: A newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people can log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. For example, many workers listen to the radio through the Internet while sitting at their desk. Even the education system relies on the Internet. Teachers can contact the entire class by sending one e-mail. They may have web pages on which students can get another copy of
1620-612: A number of technologies combined to produce podcasting . Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast medium. Adam Curry and his associates, the Podshow , are principal proponents of podcasting. The term ' film ' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The name comes from the photographic film (also called film stock ), historically the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms for film exist, such as motion pictures (or just pictures and "picture"),
1728-462: A particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketchblog, videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog) and audio (podcasting), are part of
1836-560: A partnership between 21st Century Fox and Blackstone Group . On May 7, 2017, it was reported that Sinclair Broadcast Group was nearing a deal to purchase Tribune Media, and that 21st Century Fox had dropped its bid for the company. On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group officially announced its intent to acquire Tribune Media. The transaction would have been a cash-and-stock deal valuing the company at $ 3.9 billion. Depending on regulatory changes or decisions, some divestitures might have been required. However, on August 9, 2018, Tribune canceled
1944-521: A partnership with several minority partners, including Quincy Jones , to form Qwest Broadcasting; Qwest operated as a technically separate company from Tribune (which owned stations in a few markets where Tribune-owned stations, including WATL in Atlanta, which was operated alongside Tribune-owned WGNX and WNOL-TV in New Orleans, which was also operated alongside WGNO); Tribune would later acquire
2052-683: A pioneering national superstation on November 9, 1978, as its signal was linked to cable and satellite customers across America. After McCormick succumbed from pneumonia -related complications on April 1, 1955, ownership of WGN-TV-AM, the Chicago Tribune and the News Syndicate Company properties would transfer to the McCormick-Patterson Trust, assigned to the Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation in
2160-463: A proposal to end a "discount" in television station ownership limits that count UHF stations to half a percentage to a group's overall market reach, which would put Tribune just over the current limit of 39%, under which the company's current station holdings after the Local TV purchase would be grandfathered ). The Federal Communications Commission approved the acquisition on December 20, and the sale
2268-461: A theme, which can be exampled with The Wall Street Journal as they offer news on finance and business related-topics. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television. Recent developments on the Internet are posing major threats to its business model, however. Paid circulation is declining in most countries, and advertising revenue, which makes up
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#17327915820482376-463: A wider network of social media. Microblogging is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts. RSS is a format for syndicating news and the content of news-like sites, including major news sites like Wired , news-oriented community sites like Slashdot , and personal blogs. It is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries, news headlines, and podcasts. An RSS document (which
2484-486: A worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the original language. A video game is a computer-controlled game in which a video display, such as a monitor or television set, is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device. There always must also be some sort of input device , usually in
2592-436: Is a publication containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint . It may be general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. The most important function of newspapers is to inform the public of significant events. Local newspapers inform local communities and include advertisements from local businesses and services, while national newspapers tend to focus on
2700-546: Is a television station in San Diego, California , United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside independent station KUSI-TV (channel 51). KSWB-TV's studios are located on Engineer Road in the city's Kearny Mesa section, and its transmitter is located southeast of Spring Valley . The station is branded as Fox 5 San Diego , in reference to its primary cable channel number in
2808-490: Is a more interactive medium of mass media, and can be briefly described as "a network of networks". Specifically, it is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business and governmental networks, which together carry various information and services, such as email , online chat , file transfer, and
2916-506: Is accessible through the Internet, along with many other services including e-mail, file sharing and others described below. Toward the end of the 20th century, the advent of the World Wide Web marked the first era in which most individuals could have a means of exposure on a scale comparable to that of mass media. Anyone with a web site has the potential to address a global audience, although serving to high levels of web traffic
3024-494: Is called a "feed" or "web feed" or "channel") contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text. RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with web sites in an automated manner that can be piped into special programs or filtered displays. A podcast is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. The term podcast, like broadcast, can refer either to
3132-403: Is not seen because of an effect known as persistence of vision , whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion: a psychological effect identified as beta movement . Film has emerged as an important art form. They entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. Any film can become
3240-433: Is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for " mainstream media ". Mainstream media are distinguished from alternative media by their content and point of view. Alternative media are also "mass media" outlets in the sense that they use technology capable of reaching many people, even if the audience is often smaller than the mainstream. In common usage, the term "mass" denotes not that a given number of individuals receives
3348-836: Is sometimes misunderstood in this way. It can be used for various purposes: Journalism is the discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying and presenting information regarding current events , trends , issues and people. Those who practice journalism are known as journalists . News -oriented journalism is sometimes described as the "first rough draft of history" (attributed to Phil Graham ), because journalists often record important events, producing news articles on short deadlines. While under pressure to be first with their stories, news media organisations usually edit and proofread their reports prior to publication, adhering to each organisation's standards of accuracy, quality and style. Many news organisation claim proud traditions of holding government officials and institutions accountable to
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3456-422: Is still relatively expensive. It is possible that the rise of peer-to-peer technologies may have begun the process of making the cost of bandwidth manageable. Although a vast amount of information, imagery, and commentary (i.e. "content") has been made available, it is often difficult to determine the authenticity and reliability of information contained in web pages (in many cases, self-published). The invention of
3564-526: The U.S. Farm Report ; Tribune Entertainment's production and syndication divisions were shut down in December 2007. On March 19, 2013, Tribune Company announced its return to television production with the formation of Tribune Studios (not to be confused with the Los Angeles studio facility that formerly held the same name until its sale by Tribune to private equity firm Hudson Capital in 2008, and
3672-799: The Daily News ) was renamed the WGN Continental Broadcasting Company. The group became known as the Tribune Broadcasting Company in January 1981, but retained the WGN Continental moniker as its de facto business name until 1984 and as the licensee for WGN-TV and WGN Radio thereafter. The company gained its third television and second radio station in 1960, when it purchased KDAL-TV (now KDLH ) and KDAL (AM) in Duluth, Minnesota , from
3780-916: The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted Tribune license to operate a television station on channel 9 in Chicago and then signed-on a television station in Chicago, WGN-TV on April 5, 1948, initially as a dual affiliate of CBS and the DuMont Television Network . Two months later, the Tribune ' s then-sibling newspaper in New York City , the Daily News , established its own television station, independent WPIX . WGN-TV became an independent outlet by 1956, and would eventually morph into
3888-501: The Secretariat of Communications and Transportation , as one reason for the changeover. Tribune had initiated talks with Fox in December 2007; the network had already been talking with McKinnon Broadcasting , owner of KUSI-TV, about a potential affiliation. The news blindsided XETV management, which contended their Fox affiliation agreement ran through 2010, and represented the second time that station's Mexican location had cost it
3996-621: The Sinclair Broadcast Group for $ 125 million, creating a duopoly with WXIN. On December 30, 2002, Tribune announced that it would acquire WB affiliates KPLR-TV in St. Louis , Missouri and KWBP (now known as KRCW-TV ) in Portland , Oregon from ACME Communications for $ 275 million, the acquisition was completed on March 21, 2003. On January 24, 2006, Time Warner announced that it would partner with CBS Corporation to form
4104-430: The market . KSWB-TV went on the air as independent station KTTY in 1984. It was the third independent station in the market with programming that was generally inferior to its two competitors. In 1994, the station was placed into bankruptcy to avoid foreclosure. Tribune Broadcasting won the bidding to purchase KTTY in 1995, and it was relaunched as KSWB-TV on August 16, 1996. Stronger programming, including The WB , and
4212-461: The 54 employees of the station, and new programming started to debut. For the new television season in September, KTTY changed its call sign to KSWB-TV almost a month prior, on August 16 of that same year. It also moved on San Diego cable systems from channel 14 to channel 5, which had previously been assigned to Tribune's Los Angeles WB station, KTLA . In 2000, a marketing campaign conducted by
4320-452: The Internet has also allowed breaking news stories to reach around the globe within minutes. This rapid growth of instantaneous, decentralised communication is often deemed likely to change mass media and its relationship to society. "Cross-media" means the idea of distributing the same message through different media channels. A similar idea is expressed in the news industry as "convergence". Many authors understand cross-media publishing to be
4428-516: The Internet, however, it is questionable whether players of video games are sharing a common experience when they play the game individually. It is possible to discuss in great detail the events of a video game with a friend one has never played with, because the experience is identical to each. The question, then, is whether this is a form of mass communication. Five characteristics of mass communication have been identified by sociologist John Thompson of Cambridge University : The term "mass media"
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4536-567: The June 1924 purchase of Chicago, Illinois, radio station WDAP by the Chicago Tribune . The new owners changed the station's call letters to WGN , to match the Tribune ' s slogan, "World's Greatest Newspaper" first used by Tribune in a February 1909 feature commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln and then served as the newspaper's motto from August 29, 1911, until December 31, 1976. On September 13, 1946,
4644-554: The KTLA morning news simulcast and the KNSD-produced 10 p.m. news were accordingly renamed as The CW Morning Show and CW News at Ten on September 18, 2006. The newscast was anchored by Vic Salazar and Anne State , both of KNSD. The station also aired a public affairs program, Take 5 , on Sunday evenings; this was hosted by Perette Godwin, who also anchored the morning newscast cut-ins. The Fox affiliation deal kickstarted
4752-690: The Llewellyn group opted to sell, suffering from the difficulty of living on the East Coast and trying to set up a West Coast TV station, and wound up being bought out by the other groups for $ 2 million. Technical issues also had to be resolved; when the antenna was shipped, it was first delivered to the studios in Chula Vista , not to the San Miguel Mountain transmitter site where it needed to be installed. The Chula Vista studio site
4860-692: The Master Settlement Agreement between the US and the tobacco industries prohibited the billboard advertising of cigarettes. In a 1994 Chicago-based study, Diana Hackbarth and her colleagues revealed how tobacco- and alcohol-based billboards were concentrated in poor neighbourhoods. In other urban centers, alcohol and tobacco billboards were much more concentrated in African-American neighbourhoods than in white neighbourhoods. Mass media encompasses much more than just news, although it
4968-651: The Qwest stations outright in November 1999. In January 1995, Tribune Broadcasting became a partner in The WB Television Network, in a joint venture with the Warner Bros. Television division of Time Warner . Tribune initially had a 12.5% ownership interest in the network at its launch and later increased its stake to 22%. In addition, partly as a result of a November 1993 affiliation deal with
5076-542: The Sinclair deal. On November 14, 2018, it was reported that Nexstar was a leading bidder to acquire Tribune. On December 3, 2018, Nexstar announced its intent to merge with Tribune Media for $ 6.4 billion ($ 4.1 billion for all of Tribune's shares in cash and $ 2.3 billion of Tribune's debt). The merge would give the company 216 stations in 118 markets, placing it just below the FCC's market cap of 39% of TV households and making it
5184-522: The Tribune Publishing spin-off and a $ 385 million revenue write-down for the 2015 fiscal year, partly due to original scripted programming expenditures for WGN America since it converted the cable network from a superstation in 2014. With the FCC reinstating the "UHF discount" rule, reports surfaced in late April 2017 that multiple parties were attempting to make offers for Tribune, including Sinclair Broadcast Group , Nexstar Media Group , and
5292-399: The ability to publish in both print and on the web without manual conversion effort. An increasing number of wireless devices with mutually incompatible data and screen formats make it even more difficult to achieve the objective "create once, publish many". The Internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Rather than picking up
5400-465: The acquisition – the Norfolk, Virginia , duopoly of WTKR (channel 3) and WGNT (channel 27), and Scranton, Pennsylvania , station WNEP-TV (channel 16) – were sold to Dreamcatcher Broadcasting and are operated by Tribune under shared services agreements (Tribune has an option to purchase WNEP after the publishing/broadcasting split, although such a transfer may be complicated by possible FCC action on
5508-463: The activity of making information available for public view. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books and newspapers . With the advent of digital information systems and the Internet , the scope of publishing has expanded to include websites , blogs and the like. KSWB-TV KSWB-TV (channel 69)
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#17327915820485616-466: The auction, offers for the station had hovered between $ 40 and $ 42 million. In an event described as "exciting" by an observer, and amidst a frenzied market for TV stations nationally, bidding was fierce. After groups including Newsweb and Viacom dropped out, third-place finisher New World Communications exited when the price reached $ 60 million, leaving Tribune Broadcasting and United Television —associated with The WB's rival, UPN —to fight it out in
5724-592: The bulk of a newspaper's income, is shifting from print to online; some commentators, nevertheless, point out that historically new media such as radio and television did not entirely supplant existing. The internet has challenged the press as an alternative source of information and opinion but has also provided a new platform for newspaper organisations to reach new audiences. According to the World Trends Report , between 2012 and 2016, print newspaper circulation continued to fall in almost all regions, with
5832-517: The class outline or assignments. Some classes have class blogs in which students are required to post weekly, with students graded on their contributions. Blogging , too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order, with most recent posts shown on top. Many blogs provide commentary or news on
5940-444: The deal, KSWB-TV and other stations were to be sold to Fox Television Stations . Both transactions were nullified on August 9, 2018, when Tribune Media terminated the Sinclair deal and filed a breach of contract lawsuit; this followed a public rejection of the merger by FCC chairman Ajit Pai and the commission voting to put the transactions up for a formal hearing. Following the merger's collapse, Nexstar Media Group announced
6048-491: The definition. In the early 2000s, a classification called the "seven mass media" came into use. In order of introduction, they are: Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians and business models. For example, the Internet includes blogs , podcasts , web sites and various other technologies built atop the general distribution network. The sixth and seventh media, Internet and mobile phones, are often referred to collectively as digital media ; and
6156-521: The economics work on one 30-minute newscast. News is a very expensive business. KNSD can do it on a much more efficient basis. We've looked at this from all different angles; it's not something we've done flippantly. Bob Ramsey, general manager, KSWB-TV, on the decision to outsource its newscast On September 21, 2005, KSWB announced that its news department would be shut down, with 30 news staffers to be laid off. The final 10 p.m. newscast produced by KSWB aired on October 28, 2005. Production of
6264-1267: The estate of the late Dalton LeMasurier (Tribune sold KDAL-TV in 1978 and KDAL radio in 1981); the company would later purchase KCTO (subsequently re-called KWGN-TV ) in Denver from J. Elroy McCaw in 1966. Tribune's later television purchases included those of WANX-TV (later renamed WGNX) in Atlanta and WGNO in New Orleans (both in 1983); KTLA in Los Angeles (in 1985), WPHL-TV in Philadelphia (in 1992). WLVI-TV in Boston (owned from 1994 to 2006); KHTV (now KIAH ) in Houston (in 1995); KTTY (now KSWB-TV ) in San Diego (in 1996); WXMI in Grand Rapids , Michigan , KCPQ and KTWB-TV (now KZJO ) in Seattle (in 1998 and 1999, respectively); and WBDC-TV (now WDCW ) in Washington, D.C. (in 1999). WGN-TV and WPIX were
6372-837: The exception of Asia and the Pacific , where the dramatic increase in sales in a few select countries has offset falls in historically strong Asian markets such as Japan and the Republic of Korea . Most notably, between 2012 and 2016, India 's print circulation grew by 89 per cent. Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, skywriting, AR advertising. Many commercial advertisers use this form of mass media when advertising in sports stadiums. Tobacco and alcohol manufacturers used billboards and other outdoor media extensively. However, in 1998,
6480-952: The flagship station for a regional distribution service known as the Tribune Radio Network. Its primary features were farm reports from WGN's Orion Samuelson and Max Armstrong ; the network also handled distribution of the Chicago Cubs Radio Network until the 2014 season. Media company Mass media include the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication . Broadcast media transmit information electronically via media such as films , radio , recorded music, or television . Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as email , social media sites, websites , and Internet-based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on
6588-412: The form of button/joystick combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard and mouse/ trackball combination (computer games), a controller ( console games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input, e.g., the player's motion. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of
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#17327915820486696-412: The fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as broadcast media . Some argue that video games have developed into a distinct mass form of media. While a telephone is a two-way communication device, mass media communicates to a large group. In addition, the telephone has transformed into a cell phone which is equipped with Internet access. A question arises whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply
6804-415: The hearing designation by way of settlements and mergers and was whittled down eventually to five. Four of these groups consolidated: a group of Asian businessmen headed by former San Diego city councilor Tom Hom ; Black investor J. Bruce Llewellyn and several other East Coast interests; Gil Contreras, leading a Hispanic group; and a White group led by Jim Harmon, the president of Imperial Airlines . Harmon
6912-481: The interlinked web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web . Contrary to some common usage, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous: the Internet is the system of interconnected computer networks , linked by copper wires, fibre-optic cables, wireless connections etc.; the Web is the contents, or the interconnected documents , linked by hyperlinks and URLs . The World Wide Web
7020-414: The invention of digital recording and the compact disc in 1983 brought massive improvements in ruggedness and quality. The most recent developments have been in digital audio players . An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially. The term record album originated from the fact that 78 RPM phonograph disc records were kept together in
7128-414: The invention of the phonograph using purely mechanical techniques, the field has advanced with the invention of electrical recording, the mass production of the 78 record , the magnetic wire recorder followed by the tape recorder , the vinyl LP record . The invention of the compact cassette in the 1960s, followed by Sony's Walkman , gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and
7236-606: The largest owner of television stations in the United States. On August 1, 2019, the United States Department of Justice approved the deal between Nexstar Media Group and Tribune Media. The sale was approved by the FCC on September 16, and occurred on September 19. Tribune Entertainment was Tribune's television production, syndication and advertising sales subsidiary. Founded in 1981, this subsidiary produced and/or distributed several first-run syndicated programs including most notably Geraldo , Soul Train , and
7344-443: The late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings and television. The explosion of digital communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example, it is controversial whether to include mobile phones and video games in
7452-420: The latter two were also operated as part of a duopoly) in the respective markets of Norfolk- Hampton Roads - Newport News, Virginia , and Scranton- Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , through shared services agreements with Dreamcatcher Broadcasting. Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license . At the time of Tribune's dissolution, WGN was the company's sole remaining radio station and served as
7560-468: The names of the non-familial heirs of McCormick (whose two marriages never produced any children) and familial heirs of Patterson. The trust was dissolved in January 1975, with a majority of the trust's former beneficiaries, including descendants of the McCormick and Patterson families, owning stock in the restructured Tribune Company entity – which assumed oversight of all properties previously overseen by
7668-491: The network on November 1, 2013. On July 1, 2013, Tribune announced that it would purchase the 19 stations owned by Local TV, LLC outright for $ 2.725 billion; the purchase expanded the number of Big Three network affiliates in its portfolio from one to 10 (most of Tribune's television stations prior to the purchase had either been independent stations or from 1995 onward, affiliates of networks that have launched since 1986; New Orleans station WGNO (channel 26) – an ABC affiliate –
7776-481: The network, most of Tribune's television properties were WB affiliates. On July 2, 1996, Tribune acquired Renaissance Broadcasting , which owned Fox - and WB-affiliated stations in several large and mid-sized markets for $ 1.13 billion. On April 19, 2002, Tribune announced that it would acquire WTTV (then a WB affiliate, later became a CBS affiliate in 2015) and its satellite station WTTK in Indianapolis from
7884-403: The news revival. In the years that followed, the station progressively added local newscasts. In 2009, a 6 p.m. news hour was introduced, followed by a 5 p.m. hour in 2011 and newscasts at 1 and 4 p.m. in 2014. A 7 p.m. newscast was added in 2020 and extended to an hour the next year. By 2022, KSWB was producing 64 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours of local news and sports programming a week, as well as
7992-464: The only stations that Tribune had owned since their inceptions. Tribune also operated several local cable television systems from 1977 to 1985. In 1993, Tribune launched Chicagoland Television (CLTV), a regional cable news channel for the Chicago area , which originally operated separately from the company's other Chicago media properties until it merged its operations with WGN-TV's news department in 2009. In November 1994, Tribune Broadcasting formed
8100-481: The other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day, such as the Cartoon Network / Adult Swim . Digital radio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble . When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used. In 2004, a new phenomenon occurred when
8208-513: The post-1986 broadcast networks: 14 were affiliated with Fox (excluding a satellite station of KDVR ), 12 with The CW and three with MyNetworkTV (excluding a digital subchannel of WQAD-TV ). In addition, the company owned five CBS affiliates (excluding a satellite of WTTV ), two ABC affiliates, two NBC affiliates and one independent station (excluding a digital subchannel of WTTV). It also provided operational services to three stations (one ABC affiliate, one CBS affiliate and one CW affiliate –
8316-561: The potential for KSWB to launch a local newscast, possibly using the resources of another station in the market. Local stations in San Diego had previously inquired as to the station airing local newscasts produced by them when it was KTTY. However, Tribune opted instead to start a news operation of its own for KSWB. To house this expansion, the station had to move from Chula Vista and found a sufficiently large site in Kearny Mesa, down
8424-408: The primary owners of San Diego Television in 1986 when the group obtained a $ 17 million bank loan. San Diego Television filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on February 2, 1994. This action was undertaken by Alvarez Smith in order to protect KTTY from foreclosure on the 1986 loan. In the year that followed, the station did make two upgrades that helped bolster its reputation. As part of
8532-400: The prime time newscast was turned over to KNSD, which began producing the newscast on October 31 using the same newscast title and imaging. Tribune made an identical decision that same day at another WB affiliate it owned, WPHL-TV in Philadelphia , where that city's NBC-owned station would begin producing its local 10 p.m. newscast. To correspond with KSWB's affiliation change to The CW,
8640-420: The products, but rather that the products are available in principle to a plurality of recipients. The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule . With all technological endeavours a number of technical terms and slang have developed. Radio and television programs are distributed over frequency bands which are highly regulated in the United States. Such regulation includes determination of
8748-418: The public, while media critics have raised questions about holding the press itself accountable to the standards of professional journalism. Public relations is the art and science of managing communication between an organisation and its key publics to build, manage and sustain its positive image. Examples include: Publishing is the industry concerned with the production of literature or information –
8856-625: The ratings. It aired San Diego State Aztecs sports and such local productions as Beach Party , a show filmed on local beaches described by its producer as " PM Magazine meets American Bandstand for teenagers". As an independent station, KTTY consistently trailed XETV (channel 6) and KUSI-TV (channel 51) in the quality of its programming and its ratings. It promoted itself as "San Diego's Movie Channel", but John Freeman, TV writer for The San Diego Union-Tribune , called it in retrospect "a laughingstock—bankrupt and virtually bereft of watchable programming". The Harmon/Alvarez Smith group became
8964-517: The restructuring. On January 1, 2011, Tribune launched the digital broadcast network Antenna TV , a service that features a variety of classic television series, including programming from Sony Pictures Television and D.L. Taffner Entertainment. On May 13, 2013, Tribune announced that it would buy a 50% stake in the This TV digital broadcast network from fellow Chicago-based media company Weigel Broadcasting ; Tribune took over operational duties for
9072-569: The return of in-house local news production to KSWB-TV, with Tribune initially stating it aimed to produce three to four hours a day of local news. Tribune tapped Rich Goldner, news director at KTLA, to move south to San Diego and set up a newsroom at KSWB-TV. Upon the affiliation switch on August 1, 2008, KSWB-TV debuted a new weekday morning news program (initially airing from 5 to 9 a.m. and hosted by Arthel Neville ) and an hour-long 10 p.m. newscast, both produced in high definition . A total of 50 staffers were added to KSWB to facilitate
9180-418: The sale of the entire company to Chicago investor Sam Zell , who planned take the publicly traded company private. The deal was completed on December 20, 2007. On December 21, 2007, Tribune and Oak Hill Capital Partners -controlled Local TV, LLC announced plans to collaborate in the formation of a "broadcast management company" (later named The Other Company); its Tribune Interactive division also operated
9288-552: The series of content itself or to the method by which it is syndicated; the latter is also called podcasting. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster. Mobile phones were introduced in Japan in 1979 but became a mass media only in 1998 when the first downloadable ringing tones were introduced in Finland. Soon most forms of media content were introduced on mobile phones, tablets and other portable devices, and today
9396-404: The silver screen , photoplays , the cinema , picture shows , flicks and, most commonly, movies . Films are produced by recording people and objects with cameras , or by creating them using animation techniques or special effects . Films comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown in rapid succession, an illusion of motion is created. Flickering between frames
9504-414: The start of a new local newscast, which was on air from 1999 to 2005, dramatically improved its on-air product. In 2008, Tribune reached a deal to make KSWB-TV the region's new Fox affiliate, displacing XETV , a Tijuana -based independent that had long targeted the U.S. market. The move led the station to restart its own local newscasts. The insertion of another television station into the San Diego area
9612-528: The station in which it mailed VHS tapes to 75,000 San Diego-area homes and urged homes reporting in Nielsen Media Research ratings diaries, "Attention Nielsen homes: Please watch KSWB 5/69", led to Nielsen taking action against the station. It delisted KSWB from its ratings for an entire survey period; a Nielsen spokesman noted that this action was a first in company history. On January 24, 2006, Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that
9720-442: The street from NBC station KNSD-TV (channel 39). The WB News at Ten , a half-hour 10 p.m. newscast, began to air on September 27, 1999. It was designed to cater to viewers aged 18 to 49; the average age of the initial on-air presenters was 29. It was the second prime time newscast in San Diego, with KUSI-TV having aired one since 1990; both stations were joined three months later by a startup 10 p.m. newscast from XETV, which
9828-665: The ten best-selling printed books were originally released as mobile phone books. Similar to the internet, mobile is also an interactive media , but has far wider reach, with 3.3 billion mobile phone users at the end of 2007 to 1.3 billion internet users (source ITU). Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service, but SMS text messaging is used by over 2.4 billion people. Practically all internet services and applications exist or have similar cousins on mobile, from search to multiplayer games to virtual worlds to blogs. Mobile has several unique benefits which many mobile media pundits claim make mobile
9936-434: The third screen (counting only TV and PC). A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising or purchase by readers. Magazines are typically published weekly , biweekly , monthly , bimonthly or quarterly , with a date on the cover that is in advance of the date it is actually published. They are often printed in colour on coated paper , and are bound with
10044-477: The total value of media consumed on mobile vastly exceeds that of internet content, and was worth over $ 31 billion in 2007 (source Informa). The mobile media content includes over $ 8 billion worth of mobile music (ringing tones, ringback tones, truetones, MP3 files, karaoke, music videos, music streaming services, etc.); over $ 5 billion worth of mobile gaming; and various news, entertainment and advertising services. In Japan mobile phone books are so popular that five of
10152-632: The trust – afterward. In subsequent years, the Tribune Company gradually expanded its broadcasting unit, of which WGN-TV-AM served as its flagship stations , a tie forged in January 1966, when the subsidiary (sans the WPIX television and radio stations, which continued to be controlled by the Tribune-managed News Syndicate Co. before being fully integrated into the company's main station group following its 1991 sale of
10260-457: The two companies would shut down the broadcast networks that they had respectively owned, The WB and UPN, and create a new merged network, The CW , to begin that September. With the announcement, The CW signed a ten-year affiliation agreement with Tribune Broadcasting for 16 of the group's 19 WB affiliates, with KSWB-TV named as the network's San Diego affiliate. During a seminar by Tribune Broadcasting president Sam Zell on March 25, 2008, it
10368-458: The virtual universe. In common usage, an " arcade game " refers to a game designed to be played in an establishment in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. A "computer game" or " PC game " refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. A " Console game " refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard television set. A "video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into
10476-1171: The web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media transmits information via such media as augmented reality (AR) advertising ; billboards ; blimps ; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or skywriting . Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as books , comics , magazines , newspapers , or pamphlets . Event organising and public speaking can also be considered forms of mass media. Mass media organisations or mass media companies that control these technologies include movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations (the latter are also sometimes known as mass media networks ); they often form media conglomerates . In
10584-516: The websites of its stations as part of the partnership. On December 8, 2008, Tribune announced that it would voluntarily restructure its debt obligations, as part of its filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court . As the company had sufficient funds to do so, Tribune continued to operate its newspaper publishing and broadcasting, and interactive businesses without interruption during
10692-570: The width of the bands, range, licensing, types of receivers and transmitters used, and acceptable content. Cable television programs are often broadcast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have a more limited audience. By coding signals and requiring a cable converter box at individual recipients' locations, cable also enables subscription -based channels and pay-per-view services. A broadcasting organisation may broadcast several programs simultaneously, through several channels ( frequencies ), for example BBC One and Two . On
10800-458: Was Tribune's only station affiliated with one of the three pre-1986 networks prior to the purchase), as well as form duopolies involving stations in Denver and St. Louis where the two companies maintained local marketing agreements . In order to prevent conflicts with newspaper cross-ownership restrictions (specifically, with Daily Press and The Morning Call ), three stations involved in
10908-448: Was bolstered by its Fox affiliation to beat KSWB's offering in the ratings. KUSI's ratings generally compared to XETV's and KSWB's combined. On March 7, 2005, the station debuted The WB Morning Show , a simulcast of Los Angeles sister station KTLA's weekday morning newscast interspersed with half-hourly local news inserts presented by a solo anchor from KSWB's San Diego studios. It was a tough business decision. It's very tough to make
11016-464: Was chosen for its access to I-5 and relative lack of congestion; this contrasted with the situation in the Kearny Mesa area, where most San Diego TV stations are located. KTTY began broadcasting on September 30, 1984, mostly airing classic movies and old syndicated reruns, as well as Newspot news briefs throughout the day. In its first year, ratings were low; even some Los Angeles independent stations, seen on San Diego cable systems, surpassed it in
11124-404: Was completed one week later on December 27. On February 29, 2016, Tribune Media announced that it would review various "strategic alternatives" to increase the company's value to shareholders, which include a possible sale of the entire company and/or select assets, or the formation of programming alliances or strategic partnerships with other companies, due to the decrease in its stock price since
11232-490: Was first proposed by businessman Charles Woods in 1978. He had proposed that channel 27 be allocated to the city and sought to build a new Spanish-language outlet; however, a revised agreement with Mexico gave that country channel 27 for Tijuana, and channel 69 was proposed in its stead. Ten to twelve applications were received, and eight were designated for comparative hearing by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1982. The field of applicants consolidated after
11340-416: Was rendered void, and KSWB-TV and XETV exchanged affiliations on August 1, 2008. The switch was also met with an open letter from XETV management, stating in part, "Unfortunately, in these troubled times, it seems as though there is no honor or loyalty anymore." In 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group announced it had agreed to purchase Tribune Media for $ 3.9 billion. As part of divestitures associated with
11448-419: Was revealed that Tribune Broadcasting had signed an affiliation agreement with Fox to make KSWB-TV the network's new San Diego affiliate effective August 1. In making the switch, Fox's executive vice president of network distribution, Jon Hookstratten, cited the fact that, as a Mexican station, XETV—an original Fox affiliate from the network's creation in 1986—had to answer to a different communications regulator,
11556-527: Was subsequently renamed Sunset Bronson Studios). The new company will produce programs primarily for Tribune Broadcasting's television stations and WGN America , some of which will receive national distribution. On September 17, 2019, Tribune Studios, the television parent of Tribune Broadcasting, was acquired by Nexstar, and the television company went disbanded shortly. Tribune Broadcasting owned 39 television stations located in 33 markets (including eight duopolies). 31 of its stations were affiliated with each of
11664-425: Was the brother of former KFMB-TV co-owner Helen Alvarez Smith. They then settled with the fifth group—Christian Communications Network, owned by evangelist Jerry Barnard—and agreed to air its programming. This cleared the way for the consortium known as San Diego Television to get a construction permit on January 3, 1983. However, nearly two years would pass before KTTY began to broadcast. One complication arose when
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