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54-637: Pemberton is an area situated east of Llanelli in Carmarthenshire , Wales. It is part of the Llanelli Rural (Welsh-Llanelli Wledig) community bordering Llanelli and the villages of Cwmcarnhywel , Dafen , Cefncaeau and the outskirts of Llanelli town. The name of the area derives from the Pemberton family, landowners and industrialists from the North of England who played a role in

108-563: A leader in this area. There is evidence of cultural continuity throughout the Roman period, from the Silures to the kingdom of Gwent in particular, as shown by leaders of Gwent using the name " Caradoc " in remembrance of the British hero Caratacus . Reference is occasionally made to this period of Celtic history by the use of terms such as "Silurian". The poet Henry Vaughan called himself

162-525: A mile to the south. The parish church of St Elli has a medieval tower. The body of the church was rebuilt by G. F. Bodley in 1905–1906. It is a Grade II* listed building . Several other churches in the town are also listed buildings, but made redundant by the Church in Wales and now in private ownership. They include All Saints' and St Alban's . From the early 19th to late 20th centuries, Llanelli

216-579: A sense of exceptionalism in relation to the rest of Carmarthenshire, which is dominated by Plaid Cymru. In reaction to this, there have been calls to reinstate the local government district of Llanelli either as a county or as the City of Llanelli. The community of Llanelli is bordered by those of Llanelli Rural , Llanrhidian Higher and Llanrhidian Lower , the last two being in the City and County of Swansea . Llanelli Borough Council, based at Llanelli Town Hall ,

270-720: Is a reference to the 4th Battalion of the Welch Regiment fighting against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I . Several communities nearby may be included colloquially in Llanelli. In 2024 it was announced that the town would be seeking city status. Llanelli hosted the National Eisteddfod six times between 1895 and 2014. In the mid-20th century, Llanelli

324-588: Is also archaeological evidence of roundhouses at Gwehelog , Thornwell (Chepstow) and elsewhere, and evidence of lowland occupation notably at Goldcliff . The Latin word Silures is of Celtic origin, perhaps derived from the Common Celtic root * sīlo- , 'seed'. Words derived from this root in Celtic languages (for example Old Irish síl , Welsh hil ) are used to mean 'blood-stock, descendants, lineage, offspring', as well as 'seed' in

378-574: Is also renowned for its pottery, which has a unique cockerel hand-painted on each item. A collection of this pottery can bee seen at the Llanelli Museum in Parc Howard. Llanelli people are sometimes nicknamed "Turks". There are several theories on this nickname: Llanelli allowed the docking of a Turkish ship when Swansea dockers were on strike in the 1920s, Llanelli tinplate workers wrapped their heads like turbans to deal with sweat, or it

432-597: Is unknown when it was built, and it was completely abandoned shortly after construction either due to the Romans thinking the area was completely worthless or due to a raid by either rebellious local Britons or an Irish raid. During the post-Roman period, the area of Llanelli may have been heavily populated with Pagans as there's evidence of a pagan worship temple under the Saint Elli church, it may have had frequent raids from Brycheiniog and Dyfed in order to Christianise

486-438: The 1999 Rugby World Cup , hosting the match between Argentina and Samoa on 10 October 1999. The Welsh folk song " Sosban Fach " (Little Saucepan) is mostly associated with Llanelli RFC. Many rugby clubs have notable scalps collected from touring international sides but Llanelli has in its rugby history one of the greatest scalps ever. On 31 October 1972, in one of the most famous results in rugby union history, Llanelli beat

540-599: The BBC and Welsh-language television programs such as Wedi 7 for S4C . Coverage of local affairs appears in two papers, the Llanelli Star founded in 1909 and Llanelli Herald launched in 2015. Online coverage is found on Llanelli Online . The main county-wide radio station is Radio Carmarthenshire . Other radio stations covering the area are Hits Radio South Wales , its sister station Greatest Hits Radio South Wales , Swansea Bay Radio , Radio BGM, which serves

594-748: The Machynys Golf Course, retail parks at Trostre and Pemberton , and the Millennium Coastal Park . The core shopping area has now moved largely from the town centre to the Trostre/Pemberton area. The longstanding Felinfoel Brewery continues in Felinfoel , just outside the town. Rev. James Buckley was an ordained Methodist minister, born in Oldham , Lancashire in 1770, who after moving to Llanelli towards

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648-633: The New Zealand national team 9–3 in front of around 20,000 spectators. Llanelli centre Roy Bergiers scored the only try of the game, charging down a clearance by All Black scrum-half Lin Colling after a penalty from Phil Bennett rebounded back into play off the crossbar. There is a strong junior rugby core, including club sides such as Felinfoel , New Dock Stars, Llangennech and the Llanelli Wanderers . In 2005, Coedcae School won

702-665: The Ordovices tribe in North Wales . The Welsh Silures tribe had a home in the Malvern Hills , and built earthworks to defend themselves against Ostorius Scapula and the Roman army . However, during the year 78 AD, the Romans invaded the hillfort and defeated the Silures tribe, the Romans were led by Frontinus and his army from the Roman fort Ariconium , which they proceeded to inhabit for 300 more years afterwards. It

756-502: The Roman Empire , it was the capital of the Silures, whose ordo (local council) provided local government for the district. Its massive Roman walls still survive, and excavations have revealed a forum , a temple , baths, amphitheatre , shops, and many comfortable houses with mosaic floors, etc. In the late 1st and early 2nd centuries, the Silures were given some nominal independence and responsibility for local administration. As

810-492: The Senedd constituency of Labour's Lee Waters MS . Llanelli is run on a community level by Llanelli Town Council and Llanelli Rural Council (depending on the area of town) and Carmarthenshire County Council at local government level. Llanelli Rural Council addresses some part of the town, but mainly the Llanelli Rural community. Llanelli's politics has been Labour-dominated for decades. Its geographical location has led to

864-573: The University of Wales . There are sixth form colleges at Ysgol Gyfun y Strade (Welsh medium) and St Michael's (English medium). Prince Philip Hospital has a postgraduate centre for medical training run by Cardiff University 's School of Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education. Llanelli is in the ward of the same name parliamentary constituency, currently represented by the Labour party member Nia Griffith Member of Parliament (MP), and by

918-613: The West Wales Line . It is the terminus of the Heart of Wales Line for Craven Arms and Shrewsbury . There are daily Great Western Railway services with London Paddington and regular services with Cardiff Central and Manchester Piccadilly . The district is also served by stations at Bynea , Llangennech , Pembrey & Burry Port and Kidwelly . Llanelli is connected to the National Cycle Network from

972-584: The preserved county of Dyfed , Wales . It is located on the Loughor estuary and is also the largest town in the county of Carmarthenshire. The town is 11 miles (18 km) north-west of Swansea and 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Carmarthen . The town had a population of 25,168 in 2011, estimated in 2019 at 26,225. The local authority was Llanelli Borough Council when the county of Dyfed existed, but it has been under Carmarthenshire County Council since 1996. The anglicised spelling “Llanelly”

1026-505: The 1950s, Trefor and Eileen Beasley campaigned to get Llanelli Rural Council to distribute tax papers in Welsh by refusing to pay taxes until their demand was met. The council reacted by sending in the bailiffs and selling their furniture to recover the money owed. The Beasleys' neighbours bought the furniture and returned it to them. The council finally reversed its policy in the 1960s, giving Welsh equal status with English. In 1991 Llanelli

1080-527: The 2020s. The most well known of Llanelli's chapels is probably Capel Als , where David Rees was a minister for many years in the 19th century. Llanelli had seven other Independent (Congregationalist) chapels, namely Tabernacle, Lloyd Street, Siloah now closed, Soar now closed, Ebenezer, Dock Chapel, and Park Church (the only chapel where services were conducted in English). The Tabernacle Chapel built in 1872–1873 by John Humphreys of Morriston overlooks

1134-557: The Gauls or the Spaniards. The Iron Age hillfort at Llanmelin near Caerwent has sometimes been suggested as a pre-Roman tribal centre. But some archaeologists believe that the people who became known as the Silures were a loose network of groups with some shared cultural values, rather than a centralised society. Although the most obvious physical remains of the Silures are hillforts such as those at Llanmelin and Sudbrook , there

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1188-726: The Inter-Schools Cup of Wales with an 8–5 victory over Brynteg Comprehensive . Llanelli's West Wales Raiders play in RFL League 1 , the third tier of rugby league in England and Wales. The club is based at Stebonheath Park . Stebonheath Park is the home of football club Llanelli A.F.C. , which plays in the Cymru South . The town has many active local teams and tournaments such as the 2018 Challenge Cup, where West End United beat Trostre Sports AFC. Llanelli hosts

1242-544: The Llanelli brewery has been partly demolished. In the past decade, the longstanding emphasis on heavy industry has shifted towards the tertiary sector employment in leisure and tourism. Ongoing developments include the new Llanelli Scarlets rugby stadium, the Old Castle Works leisure village (see below) and a National Hunt racecourse at Ffos Las near Trimsaran . Machynys Ponds , a Site of Special Scientific Interest notable for its dragonfly population, lies

1296-504: The Llwynhendy ward, which elects two county councillors. This Carmarthenshire location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Llanelli 51°41′02″N 4°09′47″W  /  51.684°N 4.163°W  / 51.684; -4.163 Llanelli ( Welsh for ' St Elli 's Parish '; Welsh: [ɬaˈnɛɬi] ) is a market town and community in Carmarthenshire and

1350-693: The Prince Philip Hospital and the local community online, and Heart South Wales . Some local attractions include: The Ffwrnes Theatre opened in late 2012, replacing the Theatr Elli, which was part of the Llanelli Entertainment Centre. A multi-screen cinema opened in October 2012. Much is being spent on regenerating the central shopping district. Llanelli holds festivals, carnivals and events throughout

1404-552: The Roman forces. Ostorius had announced that they posed such a danger that they should be either exterminated or transplanted. His threats only increased the Silures' determination to resist. They surrounded and attacked a large legionary force occupied in building Roman forts in their territory; it was rescued by others only with difficulty and considerable loss. The Silures also took Roman prisoners as hostages and distributed them amongst their neighbouring tribes in order to bind them together and encourage resistance. Ostorius died with

1458-534: The Silures still unconquered. After his death, they defeated the Second Legion . It remains unclear whether the Silures were militarily defeated or simply agreed to come to terms, but Roman sources suggest rather opaquely that they were eventually subdued by Sextus Julius Frontinus in a series of campaigns ending about AD 78. The Roman Tacitus wrote of the Silures: non atrocitate, non clementia mutabatur –

1512-486: The Silures, their usually curly hair, and the fact that Spain is the opposite shore to them, are an evidence that Iberians of a former date crossed over and occupied these parts. Jordanes , in his Origins and Deeds of the Goths , describes the Silures. The Silures have swarthy features and are usually born with curly black hair, but the inhabitants of Caledonia have reddish hair and large loose-jointed bodies. They are like

1566-672: The Town Hall. There is a prominent four-pillared Corinthian arcade at the entrance. The building was Grade II* listed in December 1992. It is used as a venue by the Llanelli Choral Society. Other listed chapels include Bethel Baptist Chapel in Copperworks Road, Park Congregational Chapel , Zion Baptist Chapel at Island Place, and Hall Street Methodist Church . Situated on Waunlanyrafon, across

1620-619: The Welsh pre-Celtic ( Goidelic ) Silures tribe. From 800 BC, they were in the same location for almost a thousand years, many centuries before the Roman invasion. The earliest modern recorded leader of a Welsh tribe was the British leader Caratacus from the Catuvellauni tribe. He fled what is now England and joined forces with the Silures tribe against the Romans who had defeated his tribe in battle. But after another defeat in South-East Wales he again fled, and allied himself with

1674-673: The annual Llanelli Open Bowls Tournaments, the oldest and most prestigious of which, the Roberts-Rolfe Open Singles event, has been run since 1926 and has a first prize of £600. The contests are held from July to September in Parc Howard. The Llanelli area has two golf courses : the Machynys Peninsula Golf & Country Club which hosted the Wales Ladies Championship of Europe from 2005 until 2008, and Glyn Abbey Golf Club, which

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1728-598: The area moving on to attack the castles at Narberth and Maenclochog. At this time Rhys Ieuanc moved against Cedweli and Carnwyllion with his forces besieging and burning Carnwyllion Castle in 1215. Llanelli was industrialised in the early 19th century as the global centre for tinplate production. Lying near the Western fringe of the South Wales Coal Field, Llanelli played an important role in industry, with coal exported through three small docks along with

1782-473: The area to which it would eventually fall into Dyfed. During the early medieval period, it is said a saint named Elli, or Ellyw, who in legend is the son or daughter of King Brychan established a church on the banks of the Afon Lliedi . The original church would have been a wooden or partly stone, thatched structure. According to early Welsh transcripts, the church of Carnwyllion, i.e. the mother church of

1836-639: The copper and tin produced within the town itself. Although Llanelli is not located within the South Wales valleys, coal from the Gwendraeth and the Loughor Valleys was transported to Llanelli for export. The Stepney Family and other prominent families (including the Raby family, Howard family and Cowell family), played an important role in the development of the town. Aside from industry, Llanelli

1890-621: The cwmwd, was at Llanelli. The current St Elli's Church dates from the 14th century although extensive restorations were completed in 1911. According to the Red Book of Hergest during the Norman invasion of Wales Rhys Ieuanc and his uncle Maelgwn ap Rhys took the allegiance of all the Welsh of the Kingdom of Dyfed apart from one region. Cemais would not pay allegiance and thus Rhys Ieuanc and his uncle, Maelgwn ap Rhys, attacked and pillaged

1944-577: The development of Llanelli (especially the local coal industry ) in the early 19th century. Tata Steel Europe today operates the Trostre Steelworks tinplate factory, originally developed by the Steel Company of Wales in 1947. The plant currently employs around 700 people and manufactures tinplated steel for packaging applications such a food and drinks cans, aerosols and paint tins. A new 14,340 seater stadium, Parc y Scarlets ,

1998-514: The end of the 18th century became involved in establishing a small brewery . After the death of the owner, Buckley gained possession of the brewery and changed its name to Buckley's. In 1998, the brewery was bought by Brains Brewery , which transferred production to its facility in Cardiff . However, Brains continues to produce The Reverend James , a bitter named in Buckley's memory. Since then

2052-564: The lands of present-day Parc Howard. An Iron Age hill fort once stood which was called Bryn-Caerau (hill of the forts). Evidence suggests there were five hill forts from Old Road to the Dimpath. During the Roman conquest of Wales it is unknown whether the area of Llanelli was part of the Silures tribe or the Demetae tribe. There is evidence of a Roman camp near St Elli shopping centre but it

2106-482: The north on NCR 43 , and along the coast from the east and west on NCR 4 . These routes link with a cycle path to the town centre. The nearest passenger airport is Cardiff Airport , 50 miles (80 km) away, although Pembrey , 2 miles (3.2 km), provides air charter services. The first Welsh -medium primary school , Ysgol Gymraeg Dewi Sant , was founded in Llanelli in 1947. The English-medium secondary schools are St John Lloyd , Bryngwyn and Coedcae ;

2160-613: The north-east of what is now Wales, however little else is known or recorded of this conflict. He spent several years campaigning against the Silures and the Ordovices . Their resistance was led by Caratacus, who had fled from the south-east (of what is now England) when it was conquered by the Romans. He first led the Silures, then moved to the territory of the Ordovices, where he was defeated by Ostorius in AD 51. The Silures were not subdued, however, and waged effective guerrilla warfare against

2214-402: The only Welsh medium secondary school is Ysgol y Strade . St Michael's School is a private school for ages 3–18. Ysgol Heol Goffa is a special school for pupils with disabilities. Coleg Sir Gâr (Carmarthenshire College), with its main campus at Graig near Pwll, provides a college education for most of the town's further education students and some vocational undergraduate degrees through

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2268-832: The road from the police station, is the Roman Catholic Church, Our Lady Queen of Peace Church . Llanelli has an Islamic centre on Station Road and Baptist churches spread throughout the town and surrounding areas. The town's rugby union teams – the Scarlets , who compete in the Pro14 , and Llanelli RFC in the Welsh Premiership – play at Parc y Scarlets , which opened in November 2008 in Pemberton. Previously they had played at Stradey Park , home to Llanelli RFC for over 130 years and one venue used for

2322-444: The tribe "was changed neither by cruelty nor by clemency". To aid the Roman administration in keeping down local opposition, a legionary fortress ( Isca , later Caerleon ) was planted in the midst of tribal territory. The town of Venta Silurum ( Caerwent , six miles west of Chepstow ) was established in AD 75. It became a Romanized town, not unlike Calleva Atrebatum ( Silchester ), but smaller. An inscription shows that, under

2376-467: The vegetable sense. Silures might therefore mean 'kindred, stock', perhaps referring to a tribal belief in a descent from an originating ancestor. Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel hypothesises that the Silures were originally referred to as [silo-riks] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |script= ( help ) , 'rich in grain'. Of the Iron Age tribes who settled in Wales, the tribe best known today were

2430-695: The year. They include: Llanelli is linked with the M4 motorway via the A4138 and with Swansea via the Loughor Bridge on the A484 . It is served by regular bus services between Swansea and Carmarthen and a National Express service to London. Services from Llanelli railway station on the Great Western Crescent south of the town centre connect with Fishguard Harbour and Swansea along

2484-410: Was Clydog who emerged as the king in the 5th century. The Silures fiercely resisted Roman conquest about AD 48, with the assistance of Caratacus , a military leader and prince of the Catuvellauni , who had fled from further east after his own tribe was defeated. The first attack on the Welsh tribes was by the legate Publius Ostorius Scapula about AD 48. Ostorius first attacked the Deceangli in

2538-615: Was a distinct travel to work area , but a 2001-based revision has merged it into a wider one of Swansea Bay . Several firms, including Tata Steel Europe tinplate at Trostre and Dyfed Steels , are based in the Llanelli area and service the automotive industry. The Technium Performance Engineering Centre was developed at Llanelli Gate as a business incubator for businesses in the automotive, motor sport and aerospace sectors. The traditional industries of Llanelli have gradually declined in recent decades. Local government has responded by seeking to attract tourism with developments such as

2592-411: Was a major centre of Welsh nonconformism . At the end of the Second World War there were 22 chapels in the town. The history of the chapels has been chronicled in a book by the former BBC journalist Huw Edwards . Edwards noted that many of the chapels had closed and others were in sharp decline, he suggested that if the decline continued, only two or three were likely to survive as functioning chapels in

2646-412: Was constructed here as a replacement to Stradey Park . Parc y Scarlets is home to the Scarlets and Llanelli RFC rugby teams. The cost of the new stadium was £23m. A new retail park is beside the stadium, called Parc Pemberton Retail Park. Pemberton is a ward to Llanelli Rural Council, electing four community councillors. For elections to Carmarthenshire County Council , Pemberton is covered by

2700-490: Was named Welsh Golf Club of the Year 2009. Llanelli is the birthplace and home of Terry Griffiths OBE, snooker world champion in 1979 and runner-up in 1988. Now a coach and snooker commentator, he runs the Terry Griffiths Matchroom in the town centre. Llanelli is home to Tinopolis , one of Britain's largest independent media producers. It has subsidiaries that produce over 2,500 hours of broadcast television, including English language programmes such as Question Time for

2754-450: Was standard practice, as revealed by inscriptions, the Romans matched their deities with local Silurian ones, and the local deity Ocelus was identified with Mars , the Roman god of war. Caerwent seems to have continued in use in the post-Roman period as a religious centre. The territory of the Silures later developed as the 5th-century Welsh kingdoms of Gwent , Brycheiniog , and Gwynllŵg . Some theories concerning King Arthur make him

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2808-432: Was the area local authority until Carmarthenshire County Council became the unitary authority in 1996. In 2024 the town's council voiced its support for a bid to become a city. Silures According to Tacitus 's biography of Agricola , the Silures usually had a dark complexion and curly hair. Due to their appearance, Tacitus believed they had crossed over from Spain at an earlier date. The dark complexion of

2862-412: Was the world's largest town in which more than half the inhabitants spoke a Celtic language . It is ranked as the seventh largest urban area in Wales . According to the 2011 UK Census returns, 23.7 per cent of Llanelli town residents habitually spoke Welsh . However, the area around Llanelli is a Welsh stronghold, in which 56 per cent do so in communities such as Llwynhendy and Burry Port . During

2916-431: Was used until 1966, when it was changed to Llanelli after a local public campaign. It remains in the name of a local historic building, Llanelly House , and this is sometimes confused with the village and parish of Llanelly , in south-east Wales near Abergavenny . Llanelly in Victoria , Australia was named after this town of Llanelli, using the spelling current at that time. The beginnings of Llanelli can be found on

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