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65-420: Tropicana may refer to: Companies [ edit ] Tropicana Entertainment , a former casino company that owned several Tropicana-branded casinos Tropicana Products , a Chicago-based food company known for orange juice Hotels and nightclubs [ edit ] Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City , Atlantic City, New Jersey Tropicana Club ,

130-512: A Major League Baseball team, began considering a Las Vegas relocation in 2021, with the Tropicana property as a potential site for a new stadium. In May 2023, after more than a year of negotiations, the Oakland A's reached an agreement with Bally's and GLPI to demolish the Tropicana for redevelopment. The stadium will occupy nine acres. The stadium is expected to cost $ 1.5 billion, and

195-512: A 1998 trial. Amid the early 1980s recession , Ramada began targeting a middle-class clientele for the Tropicana, which had lost the luxury prominence it once had. In 1986, the resort completed a $ 70 million expansion which included a second high-rise, the Island Tower. The project also introduced a five-acre pool area of man-made lagoons, waterfalls and islands, accompanied by floating blackjack tables. The property began marketing itself as

260-428: A Minnesota financier, bought the resort in 1972. Sammy Davis Jr. also purchased an eight-percent interest, becoming the first black person to own a share in a Strip resort. Gustafson undertook an expansion plan, but encountered financing difficulties. In 1974, brothers Edward and Fred Doumani took over management on an emergency basis after investing $ 1 million into the property. Mitzi Stauffer Briggs, heir to

325-630: A NASCAR race, now known as the Camping World 400 Tropicana Twister 300 , a NASCAR race, now known as the Camping World 300 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tropicana . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropicana&oldid=1233186905 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

390-660: A baseball stadium (tentatively the New Las Vegas Stadium ) on nine acres of the site, and a new Bally's Las Vegas resort on the remaining land. The Tropicana closed on April 2, 2024, and demolition began within a month. The last remaining structures, the two hotel towers, were imploded on October 9, 2024. The Tropicana was conceived by Ben Jaffe, part owner of the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami Beach . In 1955, Jaffe came to Las Vegas and bought

455-488: A lot of ways, economically obsolete. It literally is part of the glitz and glamour of Vegas, but it hasn't been that for decades." Katie Dowd of SFGate wrote that "decades of decay have already destroyed what's left of the world-famous Tropicana". Michael Green, a history professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), noted that, "Hotels built in the 1950s were not designed for the 2020s". He partly attributed

520-435: A month of the property's closure. Several hotel structures contained asbestos , which had to be removed prior to demolition. Most of the asbestos had already been removed during renovations and expansions that had taken place over the years. Miller Environmental Inc. removed the remainder and then demolished the low-rise buildings, leaving the towers as the last structures on the site. Miller and GGG Demolition Inc. gutted

585-484: A narrow market." Renovations began in August 2009, and cost $ 180 million. It marked the Tropicana's first major remodel in nearly 25 years, and added a South Beach theme to the property. Room renovations were completed in 2010, and work on the casino floor was expected to conclude by the end of the year. In August 2015, Penn National Gaming purchased the Tropicana for $ 360 million, marking its first resort on

650-467: A new Bally's Las Vegas resort. The remaining 11 acres (4.5 ha) would be shared between the stadium and the resort. There had previously been plans to rebrand the Tropicana as a Bally's property. The original Bally's Las Vegas , also on the Strip, was rebranded as Horseshoe Las Vegas in 2022. Bally's had more than $ 3 billion in long-term debt as of April 2024. At that time, the company stated there

715-714: A nightclub in Havana, Cuba and New York City Tropicana Evansville, now Bally's Evansville , a casino hotel in Evansville, Indiana Tropicana Laughlin , a casino hotel in Laughlin, Nevada Tropicana Las Vegas , a closed casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip Music [ edit ] "Tropicana", a song by Gruppo Italiano " Club Tropicana ", a song by Wham! from their album Fantastic Places [ edit ] Tropicana, Weston-super-Mare ,

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780-821: A now-derelict outdoor swimming pool in Somerset, England Tropicana Avenue , a street in Las Vegas, Nevada Tropicana Field , a stadium in St. Petersburg, Florida and the home of the Tampa Bay Rays Major League Baseball team Tropicana Gold Mine , a major gold mine in Western Australia Tropicana LRT station (LRT3) , a transit station in Malaysia Sports [ edit ] Tropicana 400 ,

845-514: A probationary one-year gaming license, due to several business failures in her past. She received a full license in July 1977, and began construction of the property's first high-rise structure, the Tiffany Tower, which opened two years later. The casino floor was also renovated and expanded. The Tropicana became the target of a mob skimming operation in 1978. Joe Agosto, then-owner of

910-627: A public financing package for up to $ 380 million was approved by the state in June 2023. Five months later, the Oakland A's relocation to Las Vegas was approved by the MLB. Construction of the stadium is scheduled to begin in April 2025, with completion in January 2028. The stadium is expected to occupy 9 acres (3.6 ha) of the 35-acre (14 ha) site, with another 15 acres (6.1 ha) being used for

975-452: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tropicana Entertainment In January 2007, Columbia Sussex acquired Aztar Corporation , owner of the Tropicana casinos in Las Vegas and Atlantic City , and three other casinos, for $ 2.1 billion. A new subsidiary, Tropicana Entertainment LLC, was created to hold the combined company's casinos. After losing control of its largest property,

1040-586: The Horizon Casino Resort had expired on March 31, 2014, and was not renewed. The Park Companies took over the property under an LLC known as "NevaOne" and closed the property on April 1, 2014, to begin an intense $ 40 million top-to-bottom makeover. In April 2014, Tropicana acquired Lumière Place , HoteLumière, and the Four Seasons Hotel St. Louis from Pinnacle Entertainment for $ 260 million. The company assumed management of

1105-492: The Stauffer Chemical fortune, bought a majority interest in the Tropicana in 1975. Briggs said she knew "absolutely nothing about gambling or casinos", but invested in the Tropicana at the suggestion of a friend. Many of its top executives were either fired or resigned in 1976, as Briggs sought to make the resort profitable once again. She invested more than $ 6 million in the property. Briggs initially received only

1170-757: The Tropicana Atlantic City , the new company was quickly forced into bankruptcy in May 2008. While in bankruptcy, the Tropicana Las Vegas was split off as a separate entity. The rest of the company emerged from bankruptcy on March 8, 2010, as Tropicana Entertainment Inc., under the leadership of investor Carl Icahn . On the same day, it regained control of the Tropicana Atlantic City, which Icahn and other investors had bought for $ 200 million in canceled debt. In approving

1235-546: The Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City after Icahn Enterprises purchased the casino's parent company. It closed in 2016. In April 2018, the company agreed to be acquired for $ 1.85 billion by Eldorado Resorts and Gaming and Leisure Properties (GLP). GLP would pay $ 1.21 billion to buy the land and buildings of Tropicana's casinos, while Eldorado would acquire Tropicana Entertainment for $ 640 million, and lease

1300-629: The "Island of Las Vegas". Ramada spun off its gaming properties, including the Tropicana, in 1989 as Aztar Corporation . By the late 1990s, the Tropicana was largely seen as an aging, under-performing property in contrast to newer resorts on the Strip. In 1998, Aztar bought an option to acquire the 50% interest held by the Jaffe family, which would make future renovations easier to implement. Aztar, however, held off its buyout for several years to assess whether Las Vegas had been overbuilt with new hotels. The company eventually consolidated ownership of

1365-438: The 2000s, Aztar considered demolishing the Tropicana for development of a new resort, although this did not come to fruition. Columbia Sussex bought the resort in 2007, but lost it to bankruptcy two years later, with Onex Corporation emerging as the new owner. Onex launched a $ 180 million renovation, the property's first since 1986. The project was completed in 2011 and added a South Beach theme. Penn National Gaming bought

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1430-460: The Doumani brothers and two others involved in a scheme with him to divert money from the 1989 judgment; these four individuals were charged as well. Federal officials alleged that the diverted money had wound up in the possession of mobsters. Gustafson pled guilty and agreed to testify against the others. One defendant was dismissed because of lack of evidence, and the others were found not guilty in

1495-527: The Fontainebleau to complete the Tropicana. Originally proposed as a $ 4.5 million project, it ultimately cost $ 15 million, including $ 800,000 for decorating and tropical landscaping. It was the most expensive Las Vegas resort developed up to that point, beating the $ 8.5 million Riviera , which opened two years earlier. The Tropicana would be advertised as "the Tiffany of the Strip", in reference to

1560-568: The Las Vegas resort could be developed similarly to Bally's property in Chicago. As demolition concluded on the Tropicana, Bally's was in the early stages of planning for its replacement, an integrated resort with 3,005 rooms, a 90,000 sq ft (8,400 m ) casino, and 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m ) of convention space. The hotel would consist of three towers, each standing 459 feet, to be built in phases. Bally's stated that it hoped to finish phase-one in time to coincide with

1625-681: The Lighthouse Point casino, which was expanded and rebranded as the Trop Casino Greenville. In May 2013, Tropicana agreed to sell the River Palms for $ 7 million to M1 Gaming, owner of Boomtown Reno , but the sale never went through. In July 2014, Tropicana instead agreed to sell the River Palms for $ 6.75 million to the owners of Dotty's . In March 2014, it was announced that the company's lease to operate

1690-539: The Nevada Tax Commission eventually ordered the Tropicana to rid its ties with him as soon as possible by paying off the debt owed to him. The note was ultimately traced to Tropicana executive Louis Lederer and cashier Michael Tanico, both of whom would be removed from the property. By 1959, Houssels bought out Jaffe's interest, gaining a majority share in the Tropicana and becoming its new president. The Jaffe family, however, would retain ownership of

1755-505: The Paradise Tower was also renovated to include 6 luxury villas, removing 30 regular rooms in the process. As a result of these changes, the hotel was left with 1,467 rooms in total, down from approximately 1,870. From 2012 until it closed in 2024, the Tropicana's hotel had been affiliated with DoubleTree by Hilton . A $ 5 million remodeling project was launched in 1978, and included two new restaurants. Others would debut in

1820-492: The Strip. After seven months, the strike ended in 1990 with a new contract agreement. In 2001, table game dealers at the Tropicana voted to be represented by the Transport Workers Union , which later accused the casino of targeting its supporters. The union's representation was decertified in 2002; of 147 dealers, 98 voted to decertify, while 38 voted in support of the union. The overall workforce at

1885-492: The Strip. During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic , Penn faced the prospect of financial issues brought on by resort closures. As a result, Penn sold the land occupied by the Tropicana to its spin-off company, Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (GLPI). The land sold for $ 337.5 million in rent credits, and the sale was finalized in April 2020. Penn would continue to operate the Tropicana for another two years, or until

1950-538: The Tropicana as part of a $ 2 billion expansion project, adding five new towers for more than 8,000 rooms. However, this project was put on hold because of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 , and it later became moot when Columbia Sussex's gaming arm filed for bankruptcy in 2008. The Tropicana, which had a $ 440 million secured loan against it, was bought from the bankrupt company in July 2009 by its creditors, led by Canadian private equity firm Onex Corporation and former MGM Mirage CEO Alex Yemenidjian , who took over as

2015-503: The Tropicana emphasized its cheap amenities to attract a value-conscious demographic. After taking over the Tropicana, Yemenidjian sought to update the property and transform it into a middle-class resort: "We're not interested in the very low end because there's no margin in that business. And we're not interested in the very high end because those customers have different expectations. The most successful properties in Las Vegas are both aspirational and accessible as opposed to those targeting

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2080-439: The Tropicana in 2002, buying the half interest in the land and buildings from the Jaffe family for $ 117.5 million. The sale opened up the possibility of redeveloping the Tropicana site. In 2003, Aztar unveiled potential plans for a $ 500 million expansion. The project would replace the northern half of the existing Tropicana facilities, adding additional rooms and timeshares . A decision about whether to proceed with these plans

2145-475: The Tropicana in 2015, then sold the property to its spin-off company, Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (GLPI), in 2020. Bally's Corporation purchased the Tropicana two years later and leased the land from GLPI. In 2023, Bally's and GLPI reached a redevelopment agreement with the Oakland Athletics , a Major League Baseball team. The Tropicana would be demolished to make way for two new projects:

2210-542: The Tropicana was represented by the Culinary Workers Union . Bill Yung, the founder and chief executive of Columbia Sussex, was opposed to union representation. When his company took over the Tropicana in 2007, it laid off more than 500 workers, including 300 Culinary members. Columbia Sussex also sought givebacks from the union during negotiations for a contract renewal. Talks between the two sides eventually became bitter and prolonged. In 2008, Yung

2275-544: The Tropicana's CEO. The remainder of Columbia Sussex's gaming business, reorganized under new ownership as Tropicana Entertainment Inc. , promptly sued the Las Vegas property, demanding royalties for use of the Tropicana name. The case was eventually settled, with the Tropicana Las Vegas receiving exclusive rights to use the name in the Las Vegas region, royalty-free. Amid the Great Recession ,

2340-440: The Tropicana's decline to the numerous ownership changes in its later years, which "meant different approaches, different plans. Then it was surrounded by these megaresorts. And in a sense, it tried to have its own niche by not being one of them and having amenities – but not the amenities to the degree the others did." Despite its age, the Tropicana was profitable at the time of its closure. A liquidation sale began not long after

2405-621: The buildings to prepare them for implosion, removing plaster and drywall to minimize dust. The towers were imploded on October 9, 2024, at 2:37 a.m. Demolition was preceded by a ceremony featuring LED and pyrotechnic aerial drones , as well as fireworks from Fireworks by Grucci . The aerial show took approximately five months to plan, with a crew of nearly 100 people on-site to execute it. The towers were imploded by Controlled Demolition, Inc. , which has handled Las Vegas implosions for decades. The towers were built differently and thus required separate approaches. The original 1979 structure

2470-409: The casino floor featured a stained-glass ceiling that covered 4,250 sq ft (395 m ). It was designed by Tony DeVroudes and created by Judson Studios , and was installed in 1979, at a cost of $ 1 million. Las Vegas architect Joel Bergman later said of the ceiling, "Nothing like that had been done before inside a casino. It changed the texture of design in Las Vegas." Bergman's firm

2535-585: The casino without a gaming license, Briggs and Gustafson faced revocation of their own licenses. They had little choice but to sell the Tropicana. Hotel chain Ramada Inns purchased the business in December 1979, along with a 50% share of the property's real estate that had been owned by the Doumanis. Briggs lost an estimated $ 44 million during her involvement with the Tropicana, and did not receive any of

2600-468: The casino's Folies Bergere show, oversaw the siphoning of money from the cashier cage to the Kansas City crime family . The scheme was exposed in 1979 through " Operation Strawman ", an FBI investigation into hidden mob interests in Las Vegas casinos. Due to her inexperience, Briggs had relied on the advice of Agosto, whom she found to be charming. Because they had allowed Agosto to manage

2665-418: The casinos from GLP. The parties later modified the deal so that the real estate of Lumière Place would be sold to Eldorado instead of to GLP. The sale was completed on October 1, 2018. The Tropicana Aruba was excluded from the deal and was separately sold to Icahn Enterprises. The properties owned by the company at the time of its acquisition were: Tropicana Las Vegas The Tropicana Las Vegas

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2730-498: The high-end jeweler Tiffany & Co. The project had 30 investors, including singer Morton Downey , who owned a five-percent interest. Jaffe first leased the property to Phil Kastel , who supervised the project during construction. However, the Gaming Control Board raised suspicions over Kastel's apparent links to organized crime, prompting him to sell his interest in the Tropicana in early 1957. This paved

2795-582: The land for decades and continue leasing it. The Tropicana prospered throughout the next decade. Houssells sold out in 1968 to Trans-Texas Airways , for $ 8.7 million, but remained as manager for a few years. In the early 1970s, the Tropicana fared poorly from competition with larger, newer hotels like Caesars Palace and the Las Vegas Hilton . During this time, the Tropicana hosted annual fiesta parties to increase gaming revenue, inviting celebrities and high rollers to attend. Deil Gustafson,

2860-412: The most expensive Las Vegas resort developed up to that point. The hotel originally opened with low-rise structures containing 300 rooms, and the property would later launch several expansions, including two hotel towers added in 1979 and 1986 respectively. The latter tower was accompanied by the introduction of an island theme for the property. The Tropicana was host to various live entertainment, including

2925-424: The oldest resort rooms on the Strip. The rest of the Tropicana ceased operations on April 2, 2024; the casino floor closed at 3:00 a.m., followed by the remainder of the property at 12:00 p.m. At the time of its closure, the Tropicana had 700 workers, some of whom had been with the property for decades. Prior to closing, Bally's chairman Soo Kim said, "The Trop is obviously iconic, but it is, really, in

2990-497: The opening of the stadium, with construction taking approximately two years. Several bomb incidents occurred at Strip resorts in 1984, amid a labor dispute with local trade unions . The Tropicana was among those targeted, with an early morning blast damaging nine vehicles in its front parking lot. The casino's main show, Folies Bergere , was also closed for 11 weeks due to the dispute. Folies Bergere closed again in 1989, when its 14-crew musician team went on strike. The crew

3055-412: The possession of mobster Frank Costello , who was associated with Kastel. Costello had been shot in a failed assassination attempt, and police discovered the note while he was under hospital care. The control board subsequently investigated to determine whether Kastel was still secretly involved with the Tropicana. Kastel had publicly invested more than $ 300,000 in the project during construction, and

3120-466: The profits from the Ramada purchase. The Doumani brothers and Gufstafson later accused Ramada of breaching its contract on the sale, winning a $ 34 million judgment in 1989. Gustafson was convicted in 1983 over a check kiting scheme involving the Tropicana, and served 40 months in prison. In 1995, he was also charged with bankruptcy fraud relating to the Tropicana's 1979 sale. He, in turn, named

3185-490: The property's closure, lasting about two months. It included entire furnished suites, as well as various items from the casino floor. Most of the gaming equipment was transferred to other Bally's properties. Some items and memorabilia will be donated to local organizations, including UNLV and the Neon Museum ; the latter had already acquired a former Tropicana neon sign years earlier. Demolition got underway within

3250-538: The redevelopment plans as a certainty; Aztar had already hired Marnell Corrao Associates to manage construction, and sought bank financing to fund the project. However, a bidding war soon began for Aztar, with Ameristar Casinos , Columbia Sussex , and Pinnacle Entertainment competing to buy the company. Aztar was desired for its ownership of the Tropicana, which presented ample redevelopment opportunities. Columbia Sussex ultimately prevailed, finalizing its purchase in January 2007. Columbia Sussex planned to renovate

3315-555: The resort was sold. In April 2021, Bally's Corporation agreed to purchase the Tropicana, a deal that was finalized in September 2022. Bally's bought the non-land assets of the resort from GLPI and Penn for $ 148 million, and leased the land from GLPI for annual rent of $ 10.5 million. Plans were soon made to replace the Tropicana with a baseball stadium and a new casino resort. The Tropicana's original hotel wings from 1957 were closed, without fanfare, in mid-November 2023. They were

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3380-508: The topless showgirl revue known as Folies Bergere . It ended in 2009, after nearly 50 years, and remains the longest-running show in Las Vegas history. The Tropicana underwent numerous ownership changes throughout its history. Mob connections were present at the time of its opening, and an FBI investigation in 1979 uncovered a skimming operation at the resort. It was sold that year to Ramada Inns , which later transferred ownership to its spin-off company, Aztar Corporation , in 1989. During

3445-750: The transfer, the Casino Control Commission stressed that Tropicana was a "different company" than the company that had lost its license in 2007. In March 2011, Tropicana sold the Horizon Casino in Vicksburg to a partnership of Tangent Gaming and Great Southern Investment Group, who renamed it as the Grand Station Hotel and Casino. In 2012, the company closed the Jubilee casino and consolidated its operations into

3510-533: The two clubs and renamed them the Havana Room and Beach Club, open only for private events. The Tropicana originally opened with a three-story hotel and 300 rooms. The resort was built out in a "Y" shape, with its two hotel wings branching outward from the casino building. A three-story wing extension with 150 rooms, designed by architect Homer Rissman, was added in 1959. Another wing was extended in 1962. A four-story addition with 132 rooms, also by Rissman,

3575-494: The vacant property that would become the site of the Tropicana. M. Tony Sherman of Miami was the architect and Taylor Construction Company was the general contractor. Jaffe intended the Tropicana to be the finest hotel in Las Vegas. Construction ran over schedule and over budget, due in part to competition for labor with the under-construction Stardust , also on the Las Vegas Strip . Jaffe had to sell his interest in

3640-473: The way for the issuance of a gaming license . J. Kell Houssels, owner of the Las Vegas Club , was hired to operate the Tropicana casino. The Tropicana hosted a preview opening for local residents on April 3, 1957, before debuting to the general public a day later. The resort's involvement with organized crime was confirmed a month later, when a note bearing a Tropicana earnings figure was found in

3705-592: Was a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada . It operated from 1957 to 2024. In its final years, the property included a 44,570 sq ft (4,141 m ) casino and 1,467 rooms. The complex occupied 35 acres (14 ha) at the southeast corner of the Tropicana - Las Vegas Boulevard intersection . The resort was conceived by Ben Jaffe, part owner of the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami Beach . The $ 15 million Tropicana opened on April 4, 1957, as

3770-420: Was added in 1964. Two major hotel expansions would later occur: The first and second towers are designated as 22 and 21 stories respectively, although both skip the 13th floor due to bad-luck superstition among gamblers. As part of the 2010 renovation, the resort demolished its 1959 and 1964 wings, the latter to make way for a second entrance and additional parking along Tropicana Avenue. The 20th floor of

3835-488: Was aimed at a clientele in the 30-to-40 age range. A nightclub, known as Club Nikki, also opened along with Cafe Nikki. The three facilities were added as part of the Tropicana's $ 180 million renovation. The resort parted ways with the Nikki brand later in 2011, and the nightclub was renamed RPM Nightclub. The other club was soon rebranded as Bagatelle Beach & Supper Club. In 2013, the Tropicana took over operations of

3900-453: Was built with a steel frame, which took 490 pounds of explosives to bring down. The 1986 tower consisted of reinforced concrete and required 1,700 pounds of explosives. Approximately 98 percent of the implosion debris is expected to be recycled, with cleanup of the site taking three to four months. The Tropicana marked the first Strip implosion since the Riviera in 2016. The Athletics ,

3965-416: Was expected in early 2004, but was pushed back by Aztar to focus on an expansion at its other Tropicana resort, located in Atlantic City. Following the latter's completion, Aztar would continue to put off its Las Vegas redevelopment plans to further evaluate the best use of the land. In 2006, Aztar unveiled new plans to demolish the Tropicana and build a $ 1.2 billion casino resort. Gaming analysts viewed

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4030-475: Was hired in 2010 to revamp the ceiling. Following the Tropicana's closure, the ceiling is expected to be donated to a historic group. In 1993, the Tropicana added the Wildlife Walk habitat, featuring exotic birds, mammals, and reptiles. It was built in an existing covered walkway linking the two hotel towers. Nikki Beach , a chain of beach clubs, opened a location at the Tropicana in May 2011. It

4095-441: Was no rush to build a new resort on the Tropicana site, instead focusing on other gaming projects, including Bally's Chicago and a possible New York property. Bally's said work on the Las Vegas resort could begin some time during the stadium's construction or at a later point following the latter's completion. The company was also open to partnering with another resort operator to begin the project sooner. It has been suggested that

4160-503: Was replaced by Scott Butera , who worked to negotiate a new contract with Culinary. The Tropicana occupied 35 acres (14 ha), located at the southeast corner of the Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection . Tropicana Avenue was originally known as Bond Road, and took on its current name in 1961, at the request of the Tropicana. In its final years, the casino floor measured 44,570 sq ft (4,141 m ). It included 600 slot machines and 19 table games. A section of

4225-541: Was represented by the American Federation of Musicians , and walked off the job after their contract expired without a deal for renewal. The closure of Folies Bergere affected 170 other workers involved in the show. It soon reopened with the use of taped music in place of live musicians, a practice that the union had opposed. The crew was ultimately fired, saving the Tropicana $ 600,000 in yearly salaries. The musician strike also affected several other resorts on

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