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38-610: Like most First Nations people of the West Coast, the Tsawwassen lived in family groups and inhabited longhouses . They carved no totem poles but ornate house posts, masks, tools with carvings etc. Also they processed cedar fibers and goat hair into dresses and headgear. Also, the wooden building material, firewood, canoes and dresses. Using tidal traps, fishing, nets and harpoons they hunted fish, especially salmon. They also harvested oysters, crabs and other sea creatures. The salmon

76-433: A central communal hearth and a place for dancing. There are also places for religious and ritual objects and activities. In the adjoining room the women and their small children as well as unmarried daughters sleep, usually in compartments divided into families. The platform on the back is used by the women for their everyday activities. Visiting women usually enter the house here. The Mnong and Rade of Vietnam also have

114-415: A covered gallery. The inside is divided into two rooms, one behind the other. On the back there is another platform. The whole building is raised on short stilts about half a metre off the ground. The front platform is used for general activities while the covered gallery is the favorite place for the men to host guests, and where the men usually sleep. The following first room is entered by a door and contains

152-655: A petition to the McKenna McBride Commission , with a request for review of reservations. The petition was dismissed. Nevertheless, young Tsawwassen First Nation people joined the Canadian Military in the First and Second World Wars . In 1958, the provincial government built the BC Ferries terminal in Tsawwassen for their ferries. For this purpose, a Tsawwassen First Nation long house

190-636: A portion of the Fraser River salmon catch to the Tsawwassen. In return, the Tsawwassen would abandon other land claims and would eventually pay taxes. On April 3, 2009, after 14 years of negotiations, the Tsawwassen First Nation implemented the Final Agreement and became self-governing. In 2009, the first election of the new Legislature was called as the existing Indian Act was replaced. Tsawwassen First Nation then also became

228-557: A relatively small semi-enclave of Delta by the shore, between the Tsawwassen ferry terminal and the Roberts Bank Superport . They also own some lands by Boundary Bay and the Fraser River, but jurisdiction remains with the city of Delta. Tsawwassen ( Halkomelem : sc̓əwaθən məsteyəxʷ ) means "land facing the sea". The nearby neighbourhood of Tsawwassen and the Tsawwassen ferry terminal take their names from

266-710: A second storey, stairways, a chimney with bread oven, an outshut (pantry/larder/dairy which was only accessible from inside the house), glazed windows, lime screed floors and at least some decorative plasterwork. Other European longhouse types include the northwest England type in Cumbria , the Scottish longhouse, " blackhouse " or taighean-dubha, and the Scandinavian or Viking Langhus/Långhus and mead hall . The Western French longhouse or maison longue from Lower Brittany , Normandy , Mayenne , Anjou (also in

304-403: A single-story building, one room deep, laid out as two crucked bays a cross passage and two crucked bays. As glass was not available until the middle of the 16th century, they were oriented loosely East West with openings (for a door and latticed unglazed windows) only in the south wall to provide the maximum shelter from the worst weather and catch the sun. They are often dug into the hillside,

342-553: A tradition of building longhouses ( Vietnamese : nhà dài ) that may be 30 to 40 metres (98 to 131 ft) long. In contrast to the jungle versions of Borneo these sport shorter stilts and seem to use a veranda in front of a short (gable) side as main entrance. The Rana Tharu is an ethnic group indigenous to the western Terai of Nepal . Most of them prefer living in longhouses called Badaghar with big families of many generations, sometimes 40–50 people. All household members pool their labor force, contribute their income, share

380-660: Is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia , Europe , and North America . Many were built from timber and often represent the earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the Neolithic long house of Europe, the Norman Medieval Longhouses that evolved in Western Britain ( Tŷ Hir ) and Northern France ( Longère ), and

418-479: Is designed and built as a standing tree with branches to the right and left with the front part facing the sunrise while the back faces the sunset. The longhouse building acts as the normal accommodation and a house of worship for religious activities. The entry could double as a canoe dock. Cooling air could circulate underneath the raised floor of the dwelling, and the elevated living areas were more likely to catch above-ground breezes. Livestock could shelter underneath

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456-490: Is known as the Tŷ Hir , are often typified by the use of cruck construction. It is built along a slope, and a single passage gives access to both human and animal shelter under a single roof. There are dozens of pre-1600 longhouses remaining on Exmoor and the surrounding area. Some can be dated using dendrochronology to before 1400, but sites can be much older and have names with a Saxon origin. Longhouses on Exmoor are typically

494-676: The Cantal , Lozère and the Pyrenees Ariège ), is very similar to the western British type with shared livestock quarters and central drain. The Old Frisian longhouse or Langhuis developed into the Frisian farmhouse which probably influenced the development of the Gulf house (German: Gulfhaus ), which spread along the North Sea coast to the east and north. Further developments of

532-626: The Dayak , live traditionally in buildings known as Lamin House or longhouses: rumah betang in Indonesia (specifically the western parts of Borneo) and rumah panjang in Malay. Common to most of these is that they are built raised off the ground on stilts and are divided into a more or less public area along one side and a row of private living quarters lined along the other side. This seems to have been

570-476: The Mentawai Islands some 130 kilometres (81 mi) to the west off the coast of Sumatra ( Sumatera ), Indonesia is also described as a longhouse on stilts. Some five to ten families may live in each, but they are organized differently inside from those on Borneo. From front to back, such a house, called an "uma", regularly consists of an open platform serving as the main entrance place, followed by

608-517: The Tucano people of Colombia and northwest Brazil traditionally combine a household in a single long house. The Xingu peoples of central Brazil build a series of longhouses in circular formations forming round villages. The ancient Tupi people of the Brazilian coast used to do this as well. The Yanomami people of Brazil and Venezuela build a round hut with a thatched roof that has a hole in

646-703: The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast . The longhouses inhabited by the Iroquois were wood boards/bark-covered structures of standardized design "in the shape of an arbor" about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) wide providing shelter for several related families. The longhouse had a 3-metre-wide (9.8 ft) central aisle and 2-metre-wide (6.6 ft) compartments, about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) long, down each side. The end compartments were usually used for storage. Hearths were spaced about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) apart down

684-486: The various types of longhouse built by different cultures among the indigenous peoples of the Americas . The Neolithic long house type was introduced with the first farmers of Central and Western Europe around 5000 BCE, 7,000 years ago. These were farming settlements built in groups of six to twelve longhouses; they were home to large extended families and kin. The Germanic cattle-farmer longhouses emerged along

722-540: The First Nation. The oldest finds in the area of Tsawwassen First Nation settled by means of radiocarbon dated to about 2260 BC. Other sites such as Whalen Farm and Beach Grove dating back to the presence of Tsawwassen at least until the time of 400–200 BC. In 1851, the last frontier settlements in the wake of the border treaty of 1846 between the United States and Great Britain took place. A portion of

760-862: The Germanic longhouse during the Middle Ages were the Low German house in northern and especially northwestern Germany and its northern neighbour, the Geestharden house in Jutland including Schleswig , with its variant, the Frisian house. With these house types the wooden posts originally rammed into the ground were replaced by posts supported on a base. The large and well-supported attic enabled large quantities of hay or grain to be stored in dry conditions. This development may have been driven because

798-693: The Tsawwassen Territory was now in Point Roberts in the U.S. state of Washington. In 1858 the first cross-country road was built in British Columbia from Tsawwassen Beach to Fort Langley . In 1859, it was followed by the first inner-city street the "North Road" between Burnaby and Coquitlam . In 1871, a tiny reserve was assigned to the Tsawwassen peoples, which was enlarged in 1874 to 200 hectares (490 acres). Today, it covers 290 hectares (717 acres). In 1914, chief Harry Joe sent

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836-423: The aisle, with smoke holes in the roof. Two families shared each hearth. Each longhouse would house several generations of an extended family; a house was built proportionately to the number of families it was expected to contain and might be lengthened over time to accommodate growth. It is possible to infer the population of an Iroquois town from the sizes and number of longhouses it contained. In South America,

874-531: The expansion of the Roberts Bank Superport and the employment of band members in the expanded facility, but was criticized by some as a sell-out, as the negotiated settlement modified and defined TFN's Aboriginal rights. The Treaty was ratified by Tsawwassen members in July 2007 and expanded the size of the Tsawwassen reserve by 400 hectares, offered a cash settlement of $ 16 million and $ 36 million in program funding, re-established TFN's right to self-govern, and reserved

912-611: The first First Nation to become a full member of the Metro Vancouver Regional District . In January 2012, a "mega-mall" project was approved by the Tsawwassen First Nation, with 43 percent of the eligible voters taking part. Of that 43 percent who voted, 97 percent were in favor of the project. The mall is expected to create jobs and stimulate tourism for the community. The resulting Tsawwassen Mills mall, built by Ivanhoé Cambridge , opened on October 5, 2016. Longhouse A longhouse or long house

950-516: The house and livestock in the other, but would only be needed for a couple of months at most in the winter. There was a fire pit, sometimes with a stone reredos (as in Hendre’r-ywydd Uchaf Farmhouse, Denbighshire), behind which the smoke rose to the eaves and passed through the thatch. As skills and wealth increased, after 1500 many had built in settles, most by 1700 would have been adapted and have: separate buildings for livestock,

988-525: The inner partitions and arrangements are somewhat obscure. The size of the buildings and their placement within the settlements may point to buildings for the nobles of their society or some sort of community or religious buildings. In Igeum-dong , an excavation site in South Korea , the large longhouses, 29 and 26 metres long, are situated between the megalithic cemetery and the rest of the settlement. The longhouse may be an old building tradition among

1026-527: The longhouses for greater protection from predators and the elements. In fact, chickens coops were hung from the main room structure for easy feeding. Old longhouses in Asia were made of tree trunks as structure members, long leaves as the roof cover, split bamboo or small tree trunks as the flooring and tree bark as the wall coverings. In the past, longhouses were primarily made out of timber sourced from trees such as Eusideroxylon zwageri (Bornean ironwood ) so

1064-525: The longhouses were able to stand firm and durable. In modern times many of the older longhouses have been replaced with buildings using more modern materials, like brick or cement, but of similar design. Many place names in Borneo have "Long" in their name (which means river) and most of these are or once were longhouses. A traditional house type of the Sakuddei people, on the island of Siberut , part of

1102-431: The lower parts of the walls are formed from rough stone in mud pointing with cob above, as before the 17th century lime cement was virtually unknown.The floors were not made a true level. Livestock used the lower end. A hole is often provided in the base of the end wall for mucking out. The cross passage (often misnamed as a breezeway did not pass right through the building) establishes distinct areas for people in one half of

1140-612: The member nations of the Maa-nulth First Nations (consisting of the Huu-ay-aht First Nations , Kyuquot/Cheklesahht First Nation , Toquaht First Nation , Uchucklesaht First Nation , and Ucluelet First Nation ). The Nisga'a also have self-government, but completed prior to the establishment of the formal BC Treaty Process. The Yale First Nation 's final agreement is ratified, but has not come into effect yet. The treaty deal would have allowed for

1178-549: The middle, called shabono , which could be considered a sort of longhouse. In Daepyeong , an archaeological site of the Mumun pottery period in Korea , longhouses have been found that date to circa 1100–850 BC. Their layout seems to be similar to those of the Iroquois. In these, several fireplaces were arranged along the longitudinal axis of the building. Later, the ancient Koreans started raising their buildings on stilts, so that

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1216-498: The north east to the area around Pitt Lake , Pitt River to Pitt Meadows down to where the water in the Fraser River flows. It included Burns Bog and parts of New Westminster . From Sea Island to Galiano Island and joined Salt Spring , Pender and Saturna Island . North Eastwards came the Point Roberts peninsula added, then the area around the Serpentine and Nicomekl River . Today, their territory has been reduced to

1254-656: The people of Austronesian origin or intensive contact. The Austronesian language group seems to have spread to southeast Asia and the Pacific islands as well as Madagascar from the island of Taiwan . Groups like the Siraya of ancient Taiwan built longhouses and practiced head hunting, as did, for example the later Dayaks of Borneo. Many of the inhabitants of the Southeast Asian island of Borneo (now Indonesian Kalimantan , East Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam ),

1292-662: The southwestern North Sea coast in the third or fourth century BCE and may be the ancestors of several medieval house types such as the Scandinavian langhus ; the English, Welsh, and Scottish longhouse variants; and the German and Dutch Low German house . The longhouse is a traditional form of shelter. Some of the medieval longhouse types of Europe that have survived are the following: The Western Brittonic " Dartmoor longhouse " variants in Devon , Cornwall , and Wales , where it

1330-465: The way of building best accustomed to life in the jungle in the past, as otherwise hardly related people have come to build their dwellings in similar ways. One may observe similarities to South American jungle villages also living in large single structures. They are raised and built over a hill, flooding presents little inconvenience and the height acts as defence against enemy attacks. Some longhouses are quite large; up to 1152m. The entire architecture

1368-552: The weather became wetter over time. Good examples of these houses have been preserved, some dating back to the 16th century. The longhouse was 50 to 60 feet long. In North America two groups of longhouses emerged: the Native American/First Nations longhouse of the tribes usually connected with the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) in the northeast, and a similarly shaped structure which arose independently among

1406-512: Was considered a supernatural being, and therefore had to be hunted and eaten in a very particular way. The remains were returned to the sea in a private ceremony. Numerous species of birds were on the menu, such as ducks and loon. Land mammals such as moose, deer, black bear, and beaver were hunted along with marine mammals such as seals and sea lions. Edible plants such as camas and cranberries, along with medicinal plants, were harvested, traded, and exchanged. The traditional Tsawwassen area ranged in

1444-652: Was demolished. When the terminal was enlarged in 1973, 1976, and 1991, there were no consultations with the Tsawwassen peoples. The Tsawwassen First Nation is a member government of the Naut'sa mawt Tribal Council . The Tsawwassen, a Coast Salish people , are one of the few British Columbia First Nations to come to the end of the British Columbia Treaty Process , the others being the Tla'amin Nation ,

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