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32-431: The town was built on a steep height at 1,136 metres (3,727 ft) above sea level. Its outer walls closed an area of 25 decares and was dominated by a citadel at the top of the cliff. The foundations of three churches have been excavated as well as four large water storage tanks up to 10 metres (33 ft) deep. The site was already settled in prehistoric times. Remnants of pottery from the 4th–6th century and houses and

64-439: A dangerous area. Regulations applicable to public carriers transporting passengers often require aisles to be completely clear in vehicles, such as airlines, buses and trains. Many insurance companies have requirements regarding minimum aisle width, unrestricted aisles and easy access to exits, and will refuse to insure companies that do not meet their requirements or will increase the premiums on companies that frequently violate

96-551: A large three- aisled church in the area of the citadel point to a settlement during early Byzantine times. The Bulgarians took the castle in the 9th century but with the end of the First Bulgarian Empire in the beginning of the 11th century the Byzantines conquered it. The other buildings and pottery found on the site date to the 12th–14th centuries, when the fortress was repeatedly fought over between

128-435: A series of chapels, is a chevet . In Gothic architecture , the aisles' roofs are lower than that of the nave, allowing light to enter through clerestory windows. In Romanesque architecture , however, the roofs are at roughly equal heights, with those of the aisle being only slightly lower than that of the nave. In Germany, churches where the roofs of the aisles and nave are the same height, such as St. Stephen's, Vienna ,

160-501: A stage. Aisles also cross through shops , where they have shelving on either side; warehouses , flanked by storage pallets; and factories , where they separate different work areas. In health clubs , exercise equipment is normally arranged along aisles. They are distinguished from corridors, hallways, walkways , footpaths, pavements ( American English sidewalks ), trails, paths and open areas of buildings: aisles lie between other open or seating areas, which are all enclosed within

192-700: A structure. Spaces between buildings are not considered aisles, regardless of their size. The word is related to French aile (wing). Aisles have certain general physical characteristics: In architecture , an aisle is more specifically the wing of a house, or a lateral division of a large building. The earliest examples of aisles date back to the Roman times and can be found in the Basilica Ulpia (basilica of Trajan), which had double aisles on either side of its central area. The church of St. Peter's in Rome has

224-489: Is any feature that makes access or use of a building difficult, unreasonably dangerous or impossible. This can include aisles that are too narrow for easy access by a wheelchair . Often, the only way to get from a row of chairs, shelves, workstations, etc., to an exit is by an aisle. Historically, many deaths and serious injuries have occurred due to fire, inhalation of smoke or noxious fumes, etc., because blocked or partially blocked aisles prevented persons from promptly leaving

256-465: The Basilica of Maxentius . The Basilica Ulpia was first excavated by the occupying French government of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1813, after two convents on the site were demolished ( Santo Spirito and di Santa Eufemia ). In 1814 Pope Pius VII returned from exile and resumed the excavations: it was under Pius that the grey granite columns were reassembled on their bases and walls built to delineate

288-583: The Basilicas Aemilia and Julia . With its construction, much of the political life moved from the Roman Forum to the Forum of Trajan. It remained so until the construction of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine . Unlike later Christian basilicas, it had no known religious function; it was dedicated to the administration of justice , commerce and the presence of the emperor . It

320-509: The Lateran Palace . Part of the foundation of the basilica continues today under the modern Via dei Fori Imperiali , a trunk road constructed during the rule of Benito Mussolini . The reconstruction of the basilica, planned by former Rome Mayor Ignazio Marino in 2014, began in 2021. The work will be carried out by the method of anastilosis , in which the ruins are restored using the original architectural elements. The funds for

352-403: The "stacks" area are called aisles and desks in the reading area are frequently arranged in rows with aisles. Server rooms are typically divided into hot and cold aisles for cooling efficiency, and access to servers. Films, stage plays and musical concerts ordinarily are presented in a darkened facility so the audience can see the presentation better. To improve safety, often the edges of

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384-658: The Byzantines and Bulgarians due to its strategic location. During the reign of the Bulgarian emperor Kaloyan (1197–1207), the fortress was the residence of his nephew, the despot Alexius Slav . In 1246 it fell, along with the other fortresses in the region, to the Empire of Nicaea , but Bulgarian emperor Michael II Asen (1246–1256) recovered it soon after the death of the Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes in 1254. The Nicaeans launched several unsuccessful attempts to recapture

416-786: The Wiesenkirche at Soest , St. Martin's, Landshut , and the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady) in Munich are known as Hallenkirchen . When discussing overall design, architectural historians include the centrally-positioned nave in the number of aisles. Thus the original St Peter's Basilica in Rome, Milan Cathedral , Amiens Cathedral , Notre Dame de Paris and Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia are all described as having five aisles, meaning they have two side aisles either side of

448-473: The aisle. Sport stadiums and outdoor arenas frequently have several types of aisles, including aisles to purchase tickets for events, aisles to enter the main event area and aisles to go to seating. Stadium seating routinely is separated into sections by aisles. Seating rows are accessed by stairsteps. To promote safety, aisles commonly are divided by a handrail in the middle of the aisle. The floor plan of aisled barns resembles that of an aisled church. However,

480-403: The aisles in such facilities are marked with a row of small lights. The markers frequently are strings of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because LEDs are durable, have low power consumption and use low voltages that are not subject to electrical codes . To provide a higher level of light focused downward, lighting fixtures referred to as luminaries are often built into the side of the seat facing

512-552: The construction was decorated with war spoils and trophies from the Dacian Wars conducted under the command of Trajan . The frieze above the entrance was inscribed with the names of the victorious legions involved in the Dacian campaign. Later, it was used as the architectural prototype by Constantine as the basis for the layout of the new Christian churches. The Basilica Ulpia was used as to model for Constantine completion of

544-480: The end of food aisles may be found crown end displays , where high- margin goods are displayed for impulse purchase . In retail stores that do not primarily sell food, aisles containing products would be referred to either generically as merchandise aisles , or by the particular products contained in the aisle, e.g., "the gardening aisle", "the sports equipment aisle". Checkout aisles contain cash registers at which customers make their purchases. Regardless of

576-409: The excavation area. The excavations also uncovered the remains of the pavement made from rare marbles, which gradually disappeared over the course of the 19th century due to rapacious tourists. Clement VII removed several of the yellow giallo antico marble columns which once flanked the doorways of the structure to Saint Peter's Basilica , where they were erected in the transept, while one went to

608-571: The fortress, but in 1256 Michael II Asen ceded it by treaty to Vatatzes' son and successor, Theodore II Laskaris . The fortress remained in Byzantine hands thereafter, forming, along with nearby Stenimachos , its own province, until it was ceded in 1343 or 1344 to the Bulgarians during the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 , when the regency council tried to obtain Bulgarian support against

640-446: The nave in farm buildings is called an aisle thus a "three aisled barn". Aisled barns have the big barn doors on the gable end of the building giving access to the center aisle, often called the drive floor or threshing floor. The side aisles may be the same widths making the barn symmetrical or the aisle where animals were housed may be narrower which is apparent outside the barn because the barn doors are then off-center. The area between

672-541: The nave. Antwerp Cathedral even has seven aisles (three at either side of the central nave). In the United Kingdom, cathedrals generally only have one aisle on each side, with Chichester Cathedral , Elgin Cathedral and St Mary Magdalene, Taunton being the only three exceptions. In supermarkets there are two types of aisles, food aisles and checkout aisles. Food aisles are where goods are displayed. At

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704-674: The northeast end of the Basilica is labelled Libertatis on a fragment of the Marble Plan of Rome , which suggests that it assumed the functions of the Atrium Libertatis , previously located in the Forum Romanum , the place where slaves were legally manumitted . As such there was likely a shrine to Libertas placed in the apse. Many of the columns still exist on site, although a large number have fallen. The whole of

736-688: The posts, perpendicular to the aisles are called bays. In stables there is a stable aisle down the centre with individual stalls facing the aisle. On vehicles, the aisle is more specifically a passageway for passengers to move along within the vehicle. National and local government regulations require a minimum width for aisles in various building types. Regulatory agencies frequently inspect buildings, vehicles, etc., to enforce regulations requiring that aisles not be restricted. Inspectors have imposed fines for blocking or restricting passage when boxes or folding chairs are stored in aisles, for example. Insurance companies frequently have safety inspectors to examine

768-422: The premises, both to determine whether insureds are complying with the insurer's requirements for coverage and to look for any practices that could lead to injury or property damage, including restricting passage in aisles. The Americans with Disabilities Act sets certain standards for building access and other design considerations in all new construction and major renovations in the U.S. An architectural barrier

800-532: The requirements. Basilica Ulpia The Basilica Ulpia was an ancient Roman civic building located in the Forum of Trajan . The Basilica Ulpia separates the temple from the main courtyard in the Forum of Trajan with the Trajan's Column to the northwest. It was named after Roman emperor Trajan whose full name was Marcus Ulpius Traianus. It became perhaps the most important basilica after two ancient ones,

832-500: The same number. In church architecture , an aisle (also known as an yle or alley ) is more specifically a passageway to either side of the nave that is separated from the nave by colonnades or arcades , a row of pillars or columns . Occasionally aisles stop at the transepts , but often aisles can be continued around the apse . Aisles are thus categorized as nave-aisles , transept-aisles or choir-aisles . A semi-circular choir with aisles continued around it, providing access to

864-509: The settlement). 42°05′06″N 24°07′26″E  /  42.085°N 24.124°E  / 42.085; 24.124 Aisle An aisle is a linear space for walking with rows of non-walking spaces on both sides. Aisles with seating on both sides can be seen in airplanes, in buildings such as churches , cathedrals , synagogues , meeting halls , parliaments , courtrooms , theatres , and in long passenger vehicles. An aisle floor may be level or, as in theatres, sloping upward from

896-428: The two flanking porches topped by bigae (two-horse chariots). Between the chariots were colossal statues of Trajan. The many rows of columns separating the side aisles are a traditional means of structure for basilicas. This method of structure can be traced back to Egyptian hypostyle Halls. The Basilica Ulpia is very similar to one of the most famous hypostyle halls, Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak. The apse at

928-721: The type of merchandise the establishment sells, it is common to display a range of "impulse buy" items along the checkout aisle, such as cold beverages, magazines, candy and batteries. These are often called "lanes" to distinguish them from the food aisles. For customer convenience, supermarkets and retail stores commonly number the aisles and have signs indicating both the aisle number and the types of products displayed in that aisle. Churches, courtrooms, legislatures, and meeting halls may identify individual rows, seats or sections but do not normally assign aisle numbers or display signs regarding aisles. Libraries are commonly divided into several areas: The spaces between rows of book shelves in

960-579: The usurper John VI Kantakouzenos . Around 1373 it was seized by the Turks under the command of Daud Pasha, after a bloody nine-month siege. The fortress fell only after the Ottomans cut off the water-conduit. Soon after that it was abandoned by its inhabitants and fell into ruin, although one of the churches continued to be used until the 17th century, possibly as part of a monastery (whence the local names Metoha , ' metochion ', or Manastirat , 'monastery', for

992-431: The walls were of precious marbles; the 50 meter (164 ft) high roof was covered by gilded bronze tiles. The east façade featured a portico with three projecting porches. The center porch framed the main entrance and was the grandest, with 10 columns of yellow marble supporting it. Atop the center porch over an elaborate attic and entablature was a gilt bronze quadriga (four-horse chariot) escorted by Victories , with

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1024-420: Was the largest in Rome measuring 117 by 55 meters (385 x 182 ft). The Basilica Ulpia was composed of a great central nave with four side aisles, two on each side of the nave. The short sides of the structure formed apses , while the main entrance was via three doorways on the long east front overlooking the Forum of Trajan, which was one meter below the level of the Basilica. The columns and

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