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19-453: From 1980 until independence in 1990, Tses was part of Namaland , a reserve set aside for the Nama people . The main economic activity in this area is subsistence livestock farming. Tses houses a general dealer and a petrol station. The passenger trains from Windhoek to Keetmanshoop stop at Tses. One of the largest employers at Tses shall be Groot Glass, formerly known as Tses Glass, one of

38-562: A secondary school, the Ecumenical Community School , which was declared "unfit to serve as an educational institution" in 2010 and has since been abandoned. Berseba is connected by road to Tses (MR98), Bethanie (D3901 and D3905), Asab (D3903), Helmeringhausen (D554) and Keetmanshoop (D531), as well as to the Brukkaros tourist site (D3904). Berseba is governed by a village council that has five seats. In

57-496: Is called Namaqualand . In the 1960s South Africa , which was administering South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate, came under increased international pressure regarding its minority White rule over the majority of Blacks. The solution envisaged by South Africa—the Odendaal Plan —was to separate the white and the non-white population, grant self-government to the isolated black territories, and thus make Whites

76-614: The 2004 local authority elections SWAPO gained three council seats and obtained 260 votes. One seat each was obtained by the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) and the Congress of Democrats (CoD) with 99 and 91 votes, respectively. In the 2010 local authority election Berseba was one of a few local authorities in Namibia where an opposition party obtained more votes for the village council than SWAPO when

95-797: The Brukkaros Mountain , a famous tourist destination. The first people to permanently settle at this place, then known under its Khoikhoi name ǃAutsawises , were a group of Oorlam herder clans from the Cape Province , driven across the Orange River by encroaching European settlers and the law enforcement of the Dutch East India Company . They arrived in the area of Berseba in 1812. In 1850 their patriarch Paul Goliath established himself as independent leader of this community that subsequently became known as

114-757: The Krantzplatz reserve near Gibeon and the Soromas reserve near Bethanie , plus 165 white-owned farms. Generous offers from the administration to buy these farms from the White settlers lead to many voluntary sales but also raised farm prices in the Police Zone. The townlands of Gibeon were added, and formed the administrative capital of the bantustan. This territory excluded the former Bondels Nama reserve, comprising c. 175,000 hectares (430,000 acres) around Warmbad . Its Nama inhabitants were to relocate to

133-519: The "Berseba Oorlam" ( Khoekhoe : ǀHai-ǀkhaua ). The foundation of Berseba is recorded on 17 October 1850 when Rhenish Missionary Samuel Hahn founded the missionary station and gave it a biblically inspired name. In 1857 a church was built. Since the establishment of the chieftainship of the Berseba Oorlam it has been held by the Goliath and Isaak clans who often were in dispute about

152-645: The DTA defeated SWAPO 221 votes to 200. No other party participated in the election for the Berseba Village Council. The 2015 local authority election was narrowly won by SWAPO party which gained three seats (266 votes). The DTA finished second and gained the remaining two seats (200 votes). In the 2020 local authority election the Landless People's Movement (LPM, a new party registered in 2018) won with 278 votes and gained two seats. SWAPO

171-636: The DTA which obtained 156 votes. The 2020 local authority election was won by the Landless People's Movement (LPM, a new party registered in 2018) with 267 votes and two seats. SWAPO was the runner-up, obtaining 193 and also two seats. The remaining seat went to the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM, the new name of the DTA since 2017) with 89 votes. 25°53′S 18°0′E  /  25.883°S 18.000°E  / -25.883; 18.000 Namaland Namaland

190-526: The Namas had executive and legislative competencies, being made up of elected Legislative Assemblies which would appoint Executive Committees led by chairmen. As second-tier authorities, forming an intermediate tier between central and local government, the representative authorities had responsibility for land tenure, agriculture, education up to primary level, teachers' training, health services, and social welfare and pensions and their Legislative Assemblies had

209-655: The South West African territory. The term Namaland also covers a much broader region of southern Namibia which is the traditional home of the northern Nama or Namaqua people. Their language, Nama , is the only surviving dialect of the Khoekhoe language. The suffix -qua means “people” and can be added to the names of most Khoekhoe groups. The region of the Northern Cape south of the Orange River

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228-613: The ability to pass legislation known as Ordinances. Namaland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence. Berseba Berseba ( Khoekhoe : ǃAutsawises ) is a village in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia and the district capital of the Berseba electoral constituency . It is situated 100 km (62 mi) north-west of Keetmanshoop near

247-553: The bantustans. The combined territory of all bantustans was roughly equal in size to the Police Zone. However, all bantustans were predominantly rural and excluded major towns. All harbours, most of the railway network and the tarred road infrastructure, all larger airports, the profitable diamond areas and the national parks were situated in the Police Zone. For Southern Namibia the Odendaal Plan designated Namaland from four already existing native reserves, Berseba , Tses ,

266-564: The majority population in the vast remainder of the country. Moreover it was envisaged that by separating each ethnic group and confining people by law to their restricted areas, discrimination by race would automatically disappear. The demarcated territories were called the bantustans , and the remainder of the land was called the Police Zone . Forthwith, all non-white people employed in the Police Zone became migrant workers , and pass laws were established to police movement in and out of

285-408: The most modern glass plants in the southern part of Africa. Due to unclear financing, the realization of the project is uncertain. Except by a symbolic act of groundbreaking, the erection has not been started up to now. Tses is governed by a village council that has five seats. In the 2010 local authority election , a total of 984 votes were cast in the village. SWAPO won with approximately 55% of

304-599: The new reserve. Altogether, Namaland had a size of 2,156 km (832 sq mi). 34,806 Nama were estimated to live in the south of South West Africa in the 1960s; all of them were supposed to relocate to the new territory. Following the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference the system of Bantustans was replaced in 1980 by Representative Authorities which functioned on the basis of ethnicity only and were no longer based on geographically defined areas. The Representative Authority of

323-564: The succession. In the 1960s the two clans split over the leadership issue and only reunited in April 2010. Today , Kaptein Johannes Isaak is the traditional leader of the ǀHai-ǀkhaua. The first diamond in Namibia was found in this area in 1898, and oil explorations were conducted in 1900 and 1929, though neither led to substantial industrial development. The settlement is riddled with poverty, substance abuse, and crime. It features

342-412: The vote. Of the four other parties seeking seats, Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) received approximately 21% of the vote, followed by Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP, 19%), South West Africa National Union (SWANU, 2%) and Congress of Democrats (COD, 2%). The 2015 local authority election was likewise won by SWAPO party which gained three seats (260 votes). The remaining two seats went to

361-548: Was a Bantustan and then later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Namas , the in South West Africa (present-day Namibia ), intended by the apartheid government to be a self-governing homeland for the Nama people . Namaland comprised an area of 2,156 km (832 sq mi) and was to accommodate the estimated 34,806 southern Namas of

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