42-528: The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ( Tswana : Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane ; Afrikaans : Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit ; Northern Sotho : Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane ), also known as the City of Tshwane ( / t s w ɑː n ɪ / ), is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng in South Africa . The metropolitan area
84-498: A South African intellectual and linguist , was one of the first writers to extensively write in and about the Tswana language. The vowel inventory of Tswana can be seen below. Some dialects have two additional vowels, the close-mid vowels /e/ and /o/ . The circumflex on e and o in general Setswana writing is only encouraged at elementary levels of education and not at upper primary or higher; usually these are written without
126-620: A capable state. The CSIR is an entity of the Department of Science and Innovation. The organisation plays a key role in supporting the public and private sectors through directed research that is aligned with the country’s priorities, the organisation’s mandate and its science, engineering and technology competences. The nine high-impact sectors identified by the CSIR to achieve its aims are: Industry advancement clusters Industry and society enabling clusters In 1999,
168-739: A large number of museums, many of them in Pretoria . The city of Tshwane hosted the 10th World Choir Games , organised by the Interkultur Foundation , between 4–14 July 2018. Various locations across the city were used as venues to host concerts and ceremonies for the event, including the Musaion and Aula theatres at the University of Pretoria , the ZK Matthews Great Hall at the University of South Africa , and
210-502: A mayoral committee to assist with him/her with the functioning of the municipality. As of 2016, City of Tshwane receives 72% of its bulk water from Rand Water , which utilizes the Integrated Vaal River System. The remaining 28% of Tshwane's water is sourced from its own treatment plants and boreholes. Water restrictions are implemented during drought, heat waves or other seasonal changes. The main rail station
252-569: A period, but by 2010, had reverted to "Pretoria". Private media outlets continued to refer to the metropolitan area as Pretoria. The Pretoria News , the main newspaper in the metropolitan area did not appear to have plans to change its name as of early 2006, although it has adopted the slogan "The paper for the people of Tshwane". On 21 May 2005, the Pretoria Civil Action Committee, a group consisting of business, labour, cultural, civil and political leaders opposed to
294-590: A strategic alliance, the Southern Education and Research Alliance (SERA), was formed between the University of Pretoria and the CSIR. SERA collaborates locally and internationally with universities, NGOs, companies, and multinational bodies in various research areas. In July 2016, the amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism published an article that alleges that South Africa's Science and Technology Minister Naledi Pandor and Director-General Phil Mjwara were attempting to put undue pressure on
336-410: Is centred on the city of Pretoria with surrounding towns and localities included in the local government area. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality was established on 5 December 2000, comprising 13 former city and town councils and managed under an executive mayoral system. The Metsweding District Municipality was incorporated into the municipality with effect from 18 May 2011 (the date of
378-639: Is closely related to the Northern Sotho and Southern Sotho languages, as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language . Setswana is an official language of Botswana , South Africa , and Zimbabwe . It is a lingua franca in Botswana and parts of South Africa, particularly North West Province . Tswana speaking ethnic groups are found in more than two provinces of South Africa, primarily in
420-543: Is in Pretoria . The Gautrain runs through parts of the municipality, with stations in Centurion and Pretoria, ending at a station in the suburb of Hatfield. OR Tambo International Airport in neighbouring Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality serves Tshwane. Wonderboom Airport in the north of Tshwane serves light aircraft. The Tshwane municipality is home to the Tshwane University of Technology , and
462-414: Is the Tswana for the motto of Tshwane Municipality, "We are the same". However, this appears to be promoted only for its emotional value; if anything, it would mean "we are not the same" in Tswana ( ga re tshwane ). Another common misunderstanding is that it is the Tswana word for "little monkeys"; although "Tshwane" resembles tshwene (the Tswana word for baboon), baboons are not little and the words are not
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#1732772117271504-655: The Advertising Standards Authority found that advertising proclaiming that Tshwane, rather than Pretoria, was the capital of South Africa was misleading. On 5 December 2000, a number of former Pretoria municipalities, as well as others that fell outside the Greater Pretoria area, were combined into one area called the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The city of Pretoria remained largely intact in this municipality. On 26 May 2005,
546-569: The Navy and SAPS headquarters and Hatfield Gautrain station due to non-payment of their electricity or municipal accounts. The University of Pretoria paid the bill of its Hillcrest campus under protest at the last minute. Tswana language Tswana , also known by its native name Setswana , and previously spelled Sechuana in English, is a Bantu language spoken in and indigenous to Southern Africa by about 8.2 million people. It
588-465: The North West , where about four million people speak the language. An urbanised variety is known as Pretoria Sotho , and is the principal unique language of the city of Pretoria . The three South African provinces with the most speakers are Gauteng (circa 11%), Northern Cape , and North West (over 70%). Until 1994, South African Tswana people were notionally citizens of Bophuthatswana , one of
630-729: The South African Geographical Names Council unanimously approved a recommendation by the Tshwane Metro Council that the name Pretoria be changed to Tshwane, but approval from the Geographical Names Council is only a preliminary step in the process. The legal process involved is as follows: Some groups attached themselves to the Pretoria name change issue, including the trade union Solidarity , which, along with
672-608: The bantustans of the apartheid regime. The Setswana language in the Northwest Province has variations in which it is spoken according to the ethnic groups found in the Tswana culture (Bakgatla, Barolong, Bakwena, Batlhaping, Bahurutshe, Bafokeng, Batlokwa, Bataung, and Batswapong, among others); the written language remains the same. A small number of speakers are also found in Zimbabwe (unknown number) and Namibia (about 10,000 people). The first European to describe
714-528: The dental click /ǀ/ , orthographically ⟨c⟩ ; the lateral click /ǁ/ , orthographically ⟨x⟩ ; and the alveolar click /ǃ/ , orthographically ⟨q⟩ . There are some minor dialectal variations among the consonants between speakers of Tswana. For instance, /χ/ is realised as either /x/ or /h/ by many speakers; /f/ is realised as /h/ in most dialects; and /tɬ/ and /tɬʰ/ are realised as /t/ and /tʰ/ in northern dialects. The consonant /ŋ/ can exist at
756-499: The 2011 municipal elections ). The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality's land area increased from 2,198 square kilometres (849 sq mi) in 2010 to 6,368 square kilometres (2,459 sq mi) after the incorporation of Metsweding , making it the largest Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa. The Tswaing crater is in the northwest of Soshanguve . The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality consists of
798-573: The Blue Bulls rugby team. Tshwane [tsʰwane] is the Setswana name of the Apies River , which flows through the city. The origin of the name of the river is unclear. It may mean "place -e of the black cow, tshwana , from ceremonies where a black cow was sprinkled with water from the river to end a drought. Two other common explanations are demonstrably untrue. One is that it
840-568: The British missionary Robert Moffat , who had also lived among the Batlhaping , and published Bechuana Spelling Book and A Bechuana Catechism in 1826. In the following years, he published several other books of the Bible , and in 1857, he was able to publish a complete translation of the Bible. The first grammar of Tswana was published in 1833 by the missionary James Archbell although it
882-571: The CSIR, at the behest of the African National Congress (ANC) treasurer-general Zweli Mkhize , to favour the Chinese multinational Huawei Technologies in the purchase of a new 116 million South African rand (US$ 8 million) supercomputer for the institute. This followed the publication of the council's long-time CEO, Sibusiso Sibisi's, open letter of resignation stating that irregularities and political pressure on
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#1732772117271924-670: The Pretoria State Theatre . The event was the first of its kind on the African continent. The city is home to the Tshwane Suns who compete in South Africa's highest basketball division, the Basketball National League . There are two Premier Soccer League teams, Mamelodi Sundowns and Supersport United. Pretoria University, known as Tuks plays in the second-tier league. Tshwane is also home to
966-480: The Pretoria Civil Action Committee, threatened legal action should the name change be recommended by the minister. In early August 2007, it was reported in the press that the municipality, after consulting with the Gauteng provincial government had withdrawn the application to change the name, and was instead contemplating a plan to change all road signs pointing to "Pretoria" to "Tshwane" or the "City of Tshwane" across
1008-576: The South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The South African Air Force military bases AFB Waterkloof and AFB Swartkop are in Centurion. Thaba Tshwane military base (formerly called Voortrekkerhoogte and before that Roberts Heights ) is in the municipality. The SANDF memorial is at Fort Klapperkop and the South African Air Force memorial is at AFB Swartkop. There are
1050-602: The Special Investigation Unit (SIU) were dedicated to this region since 2010. The screening of applicants for management positions has also been criticized. When, by November 2020, businesses and residents owed the metro R12 billion, the metro outsourced its credit management to 34 debt collecting agencies after normal means were ineffectual. This was expected to increase the metro's income levels, cash flow and capacity for service delivery. In 2021, its debt with Eskom stood at over R200 million, and
1092-580: The awarding of contracts to suppliers were of great concern. In a case of biopiracy , bioprospectors from CSIR became interested in the Hoodia plant as an appetite suppressant for weight loss after a marketing campaign falsely claimed its efficacy. They patented it without recognising the San people's traditional claims to knowledge of the plant and its uses. The patent was later sold to Unilever , which marketed Hoodia products as diet supplements. In 2003,
1134-485: The circumflex. The consonant inventory of Tswana can be seen below. The consonant /d/ is merely an allophone of /l/ , when the latter is followed by the vowels /i/ or /u/ . Two more sounds, v /v/ and z /z/ , exist only in loanwords. Tswana also has three click consonants , but these are only used in interjections or ideophones , and tend only to be used by the older generation, and are therefore falling out of use. The three click consonants are
1176-418: The common characteristics of most nouns within their respective classes. Some nouns may be found in several classes. For instance, many class 1 nouns are also found in class 1a, class 3, class 4, and class 5. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) is a South African scientific research and development (R&D) organisation. It
1218-533: The country. This plan raised threats of legal action from both political groupings opposed to the renaming, and concerns from municipal officials about the possibility of vandalism to the proposed signs. In 2010, the Ministry of Arts and Culture prepared to publish the registration of Tshwane as a place name, in the Government Gazette. However, the registration was withdrawn at the last minute, which
1260-467: The end of a word without being followed by a vowel (as in Jwaneng and Barolong Seboni ). Stress is fixed in Tswana and thus always falls on the penult of a word, although some compounds may receive a secondary stress in the first part of the word. The syllable on which the stress falls is lengthened. Thus, mosadi (woman) is realised as [mʊ̀ˈsáːdì] . Tswana has two tones , high and low, but
1302-431: The following areas: The 2011 census divided the municipality into the following main places : There were around 2,921,500 (2011 census) people living within the borders of Tshwane: 75.40% black, 20.08% white, 2.01% coloured and 1.84% Indian or Asian. The municipal council consists of 214 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation . 107 are elected by first-past-the-post voting in 107 wards , while
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1344-617: The language was the German traveller Hinrich Lichtenstein , who lived among the Tswana people Batlhaping in 1806 although his work was not published until 1930. He mistakenly regarded Tswana as a dialect of the Xhosa , and the name that he used for the language "Beetjuana" may also have covered the Northern and Southern Sotho languages . The first major work on Tswana was carried out by
1386-410: The largest distance education university (the University of South Africa , more commonly known by its acronym, UNISA), as well as The University of Pretoria , one of South Africa's leading research and teaching universities, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU, previously called University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus) and Medical University of Southern Africa-MEDUNSA) a medical school, and
1428-463: The latter has a much wider distribution in words than the former. Tones are not marked orthographically , which may lead to ambiguity. An important feature of the tones is the so-called spreading of the high tone. If a syllable bears a high tone, the following two syllables will have high tones unless they are at the end of the word. Tswana orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. The letter š
1470-400: The name change organised a protest in the Pretoria city centre. They marched to the office of Arts and Culture Minister Pallo Jordan and handed him a petition signed by 3,000 University of Pretoria students as well as other petition documents. Former president FW De Klerk , a Nobel prize winner and the last president under apartheid, also raised concerns about the change. In November 2005,
1512-530: The remaining 107 are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 , no party won a majority of seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the 2021 election. The political head of the municipality is the executive mayor. As of March 2023, Cilliers Brink of the Democratic Alliance serves as mayor. The mayor appoints
1554-540: The same. "Little monkeys" is actually a translation of the Afrikaans name "Apies". In 2005, politicians in the South African capital voted to rename the city Tshwane and retain the name Pretoria for the city centre only. The Sunday Times used the word Tshwane to refer to the Pretoria area for a short period in 2005. The state-controlled SABC also started using the term in its evening news broadcasts, for
1596-601: The utility labeled it as a municipality with a poor payment record. When in August 2022 its debt stood at R1.152 billion, Eskom warned that the city's electricity may be disconnected. In February 2022, its debtors book stood at R17 billion and Tshwane implemented the Tshwane Yatima project to disconnect the power and/or water supply to 420 businesses, besides that of some state departments ( Public Works and Infrastructure owing R355 million) and embassies, SARS ,
1638-607: Was established by an act of parliament in 1945 and is situated on its campus in Pretoria . It is Africa's largest research and development organisation and accounts for about 10% of the entire African R&D budget. It has a staff of approximately 3,000 technical and scientific researchers. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is a leading scientific and technology research organisation that researches and develops transformative technologies to accelerate socioeconomic prosperity in South Africa. The organisation’s work contributes to industrial development and supports
1680-640: Was explained by the minister. Although it was too late to remove the name from printing in the Government Gazette , the retraction of the name registration was published the following week in the gazette. In November 2011, Kgosientso Ramokgopa , who had been elected mayor earlier that year, vowed to push forward with the renaming in 2012. As in other parts of the country, the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality experiences high levels of corruption. Significant resources of
1722-418: Was introduced in 1937, but the corresponding sound is still sometimes written as ⟨sh⟩. The letters ⟨ê⟩ and ⟨ô⟩ are used in textbooks and language reference books, but not so much in daily standard writing. Nouns in Tswana are grouped into nine noun classes and one subclass, each having different prefixes . The nine classes and their respective prefixes can be seen below, along with a short note regarding
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1764-531: Was modelled on a Xhosa grammar. The first grammar of Tswana which regarded it as a separate language from Xhosa (but still not as a separate language from the Northern and Southern Sotho languages) was published by the French missionary, E. Casalis in 1841. He changed his mind later, and in a publication from 1882, he noted that the Northern and Southern Sotho languages were distinct from Tswana. Solomon Plaatje ,
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