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38-481: Tutbury Castle is a largely ruined medieval castle at Tutbury , Staffordshire , England, in the ownership of the Duchy of Lancaster and hence currently of King Charles III . It is a scheduled monument and a Grade I listed building . People who have stayed in the castle include Eleanor of Aquitaine and Mary, Queen of Scots , who was a prisoner there. Tutbury Castle became the headquarters of Henry de Ferrers and

76-555: Is 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Burton upon Trent and 20 miles (32 km) south of the Peak District . The village has a population of about 3,076 residents. It adjoins Hatton to the north on the Staffordshire–Derbyshire border. Tutbury is surrounded by the agricultural countryside of both Staffordshire and Derbyshire . The site has been inhabited for over 3,000 years, with Iron Age defensive ditches encircling

114-404: Is now in the care of English Heritage , listed on Historic England 's Heritage at Risk Register , and is not open currently to the public. Construction of the manor began in 1441 for Treasurer to Henry VI, Sir Ralph Cromwell , though the building was not completed until after his death when John Talbot, the second Earl of Shrewsbury, bought the property. His family maintained the manor within

152-573: Is the Burton Mail . The Natural History of Tutbury , describing the fauna and flora of the district surrounding Tutbury and Burton on Trent, by Sir Oswald Mosley and Edwin Brown, was published in 1863. Tutbury was featured in the Most Haunted spin-off series Most Haunted: Midsummer Murders , in which the team investigated a murder over hidden treasure. Wingfield Manor It

190-712: The battle of Langside , and the English Privy Council decided to lodge her either at Nottingham Castle , Fotheringhay Castle or Tutbury, so that she was further from the Scottish border or Yorkshire . In January 1569 the Scottish Queen was taken from Bolton Castle , going first to Ripon and staying a night nearby, then to Wetherby staying a night with John Vavasour at Hazlewood Castle , then on to Pontefract , Rotherham , Chesterfield , and Wingfield Manor . George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury

228-551: The "castle" was guarded by soldiers armed with pistols, muskets and halberds, and the difficult terrain nearby which would deter escape. Sometimes Mary was allowed to walk in the Great Chamber for exercise, and Sadler's assistant John Somers reported her conversations to Francis Walsingham . Sadler wrote about the unsatisfactory conditions in November, when Mary was to move to Tutbury Castle . Mary's bedchamber at Wingfield

266-463: The 18th century, Tutbury was the site of an annual Court of Minstrels . There was even a "King of the Minstrels" and an annual Tutbury bull run . There are some fine Georgian and Regency buildings and the half-timbered Dog and Partridge Hotel. There are antique and craft shops in the village, some of which have been run by the same families for many years. Tutbury and Hatton railway station

304-515: The Earl was anxious to move Mary from Wingfield. He wanted to take her to Sheffield because Wingfield needed cleaning. There were over 240 people in residence and the manor "waxed unsavoury." At Sheffield, the Earl had two houses, Sheffield Castle and Sheffield Manor and could easily move the queen between them when cleaning was necessary. Mary was still at Wingfield at the time of the Rebellion of

342-532: The Earl's houses at Sheffield unfurnished, so Mary had to go to Tutbury. She arrived on 4 February 1569. She noted the castle was like a hunting lodge, with its enclosure on a slight hill reminiscent of the Bois de Vincennes , and complained of the damp, the wet plaster, and draughty ill-fitting old carpentry. The British Library has a sketch plan of her accommodation at Tutbury. In March the Earl of Shrewsbury described how Mary sat with Bess, Countess of Shrewsbury in

380-507: The North in November 1569. The Earl of Shrewsbury heard of a plot to release Mary at that time. The Earl of Northumberland and his wife had come to stay nearby at Wentworth House . The alleged escape plan involved the Countess of Northumberland pretending to be a nurse and coming to attend Christine Hogg, the pregnant wife of the embroiderer Bastian Pagez . The Countess was "something like

418-705: The castle to see Mary, Queen of Scots . However, the tree is not old enough for this story to be true. At the time of the English Civil War (1642–48), the manor was in the hands of Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke , a Parliament supporter. The manor was taken by the Royalists in 1643 and then, after a short siege (albeit interrupted by the Battle of Marston Moor), retaken by Parliament in August 1644, after several large siege engines had destroyed part of

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456-427: The castle was even more substantially rebuilt again by John of Gaunt . From 1372 until her death in 1394, the castle was the permanent residence of Constance , the wife of John of Gaunt. Her court lavishly patronised music and the arts, and was said to have "somewhat similar to a modern Windsor" in its ambition. In June 1568, Mary, Queen of Scots was at Carlisle Castle after fleeing from Scotland after her defeat at

494-452: The castle, with a guard of 40 or 50 men on horseback. Queen Elizabeth disapproved of this freedom and forbade it. On 19 April 1585 Mary was placed in the care of Sir Amyas Paulet , who took down Mary's cloth of estate from the chamber where he ate, and stopped Mary's servants using the wall walk near the gate. Paulet also curtailed her charitable activities in the town, and disarmed her Scottish servants, many of whom had pistols. In July she

532-474: The castle. Finally in control of the castle, Parliament ordered the fortification to be destroyed; demolition work being carried out from 1647 to 1648. A folly was built on top of the motte in 1780. 52°51′34″N 1°41′26″W  /  52.859479°N 1.690575°W  / 52.859479; -1.690575 Tutbury Tutbury is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire , England. It

570-431: The coming months, Mary made numerous detailed complaints about her lodgings in her letters to Castlenau and his successor Châteauneuf . An outdoor enclosure made with wooden palings by John Somers, she wrote, was more like a pig run than anything that might be called a garden. Mary had a billiard table at Tutbury. Ralph Sadler sometimes took Mary hunting with his hawks on the river Dove , no farther than three miles from

608-658: The countess' chamber at Tutbury with Lady Livingston and Mary Seton working at embroidery. She moved to Wingfield Manor in April. Mary was returned to Tutbury in September with increased guard and a reduced household. In November 1569, following the Catholic Rising of the North , Mary was rushed south to Coventry where she stayed in an inn. Elizabeth sent orders for her return to Tutbury on Christmas Eve. The "pauvre prisonniere" (poor prisoner), as she described herself,

646-406: The curtain walls and on the towers can still be seen the damage caused by cannonballs. One in particular on the north wall, shows by its shape, the direction of fire, indicating the direction of the cannons used in the 1644 siege, four 32 pounders, borrowed for the occasion. Initially these cannon were positioned on the hill to the east, the site of an old Roman fort, but the distance was too great and

684-476: The garrison, and in April 1646 the garrison surrendered after a three-week siege. Following the siege, a treaty of surrender was agreed upon, and the conditions were drawn up by Sir Andrew Kniveton , the Governor of Tutbury Castle – with the agreement being signed on 20 April 1646. However, in the following on 19 July 1647, it was determined "that the castle was untenable", following the siege and damages caused to

722-470: The headquarters of Henry de Ferrers and was the centre of the wapentake of Appletree, which included Duffield Frith . With his wife Bertha, he endowed Tutbury Priory with two manors in about 1080. It would seem that Tutbury at that time was a dependency of the Norman abbey of St Pierre‑sur‑Dives. St Mary's Church, Tutbury was used by the local population as well as the priory, and it possibly predates

760-486: The late sixteenth century the fabric of the castle began to decay, although James I stayed there a number of times between 1619 and 1624. In August 1624 he knighted Sir Henry Rainsford of Clifford Chambers and Sir Edward Vernon of Sudbury at the castle. During the English Civil War the castle was held by Royalist forces and re-fortified for the Crown. In 1643 Parliamentary forces attempted unsuccessfully to dislodge

798-573: The main defensive hill, upon which now stand the ruins of the Norman castle. These ditches can be seen most clearly at the Park Pale and at the top of the steep hills behind Park Lane. The name Tutbury probably derives from a Scandinavian settler and subsequent chief of the hill-fort, Totta, bury being a corruption of burh the Anglo-Saxon name for 'fortified place'. Tutbury Castle became

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836-609: The modern company's requirements. The old factory was demolished and flats were built on the site, but a factory shop still operates in the village. Despite this, the tourism trade survives thanks to the long history of the church and castle. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central . Television signals are received from the Sutton Coldfield TV transmitter. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Derby and Capital Mid-Counties (formerly Touch FM ). The town's local newspaper

874-404: The only damage incurred was to a half moon battery outside the main gate, which is overgrown but still visible. The guns were moved to the west, to manor top, and it was from here that the southern part of the west curtain wall was demolished, after which the Royalists surrendered. After the war the manor was deliberately ruined so it would never again be used for defence. The Great Hall of the manor

912-618: The priory itself. Quarries near Tutbury once produced Nottingham alabaster , used for monumental carvings, and the priory church has a door with an alabaster arch (circa 1160) that is the only such arch known in the country. One of the Royal Studs was established in the area round the castle by Henry VIII but had to be abandoned after the Civil War . Mary, Queen of Scots , was imprisoned in Tutbury Castle in 1569. Until

950-495: The property for nearly two hundred years. After which, Parliament decreed that the manor be dismantled and allowed to fall into ruin, and parts were taken for building materials, leaving behind the present ruins. It is also considered to house the first flushing toilet, built in 1596. The sixth Earl of Shrewsbury was entrusted with the care of Mary, Queen of Scots , when she was detained from 1569 onward, in his various houses around Derbyshire, Wingfield among them. In August 1569

988-481: The queen in personage" and would take Mary's place while she escaped. Queen Elizabeth wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury on 14 March 1570 giving permission for him to move Mary back to Wingfield because the water supply at Tutbury Castle was inadequate. The Earl had hoped to take Mary to Chatsworth House and also made preparations there. Mary was back at Wingfield in 1584 and Ralph Sadler described in October how

1026-401: The queen use another part of the castle which he occupied. Security was difficult for this other lodging, where Mary had stayed in 1569. It had two chambers twenty-four feet above ground level, with windows looking over the dykes towards Tutbury town. The windows and a "house of office", a latrine, could have been used for escape. On Christmas Eve 1585, she finally moved to Chartley Castle . By

1064-429: The rebels that were slighted . The castle was "nearly destroyed" by Prince Edward in 1264 after the rebellion of Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby . In 1269, after a further rebellion the lands were given to Edmund Crouchback and have remained part of the Duchy of Lancaster . By the 1300s the castle was largely repaired, though as a residential castle rather than a military strong-point. Some time before 1370

1102-432: The top of the tower, was emptied through the toilet area into the moat. The remains of the great hall, once one of the largest in the country, contains an oriel window, where light would once have shone through coloured glass and illuminated the high table. The undercroft below the great hall was used for the storage of wine, beer and food, and had stairs on each corner going up to the great hall. The kitchens were connected to

1140-533: The western curtain wall. Wingfield Manor located in what was then a strategic position near a main north-south artery of the country and also a key east-west link at the southern end of the Pennines. It was partially demolished at the end of the Civil War on instructions from Parliament in order that it could never be used again for defensive purposes - not that it was built as a castle in the first place. Along

1178-472: Was allowed to hunt her greyhound after deer at Stockley Park near Anslow . By August Mary was anxious to move temporarily to another house so her lodgings could be swept and cleaned. Mary pointed out that the Earl of Shrewsbury followed this routine. However, Lord Paget's nearby houses and the house of Henry Cavendish (son of William Cavendish ) at Doveridge were not suitable to house all her train of servants. Paulet considered modifying her lodging or letting

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1216-577: Was back at Tutbury on 2 January 1570. Mary was sent to Chatsworth in May 1570. In January 1585 she once again returned to Tutbury via Wingfield Manor , and on the way stayed a night in Derby in the house of a widowed Mrs Beaumont. Her keepers Ralph Sadler and John Somers were made busy providing satisfactory hangings for Mary's bedchamber. Hangings brought from Lord Paget 's nearby houses at Burton and Beaudesert were unsatisfactory. The queen's bedchamber

1254-569: Was given detailed instructions for keeping Mary, which permitted him to lodge her at Sheffield from time to time (which he preferred), and briefed him on what he should say to her regarding her political predicament. Tapestries, furniture, and bedding were sent from the Royal Wardrobe at the Tower of London to furnish Tutbury, but because of delays caused by poor weather Bess of Hardwick was asked to send her things from Sheffield . This left

1292-496: Was located at the top of a lodging (immediately under its roof), which was built against the castle wall. This room was of timber construction, and had no windows looking out through the castle wall, its two windows looked into the castle court. To increase the warmth of her bedchamber Mary improvised a tent of tapestry over her bed. The French diplomat Michel de Castelnau wrote to Mary's son, James VI . He reported Mary's optimism and her pleasure in her new lodgings at "Teutbery". In

1330-531: Was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on 11 September 1848. It then closed during the 1960s but was reopened in 1989. It is on the Crewe to Derby Line . Until 2006, Tutbury Crystal, a manufacturer of high-quality cut glass products, was based in the village. However, production was transferred to Stoke-on-Trent as the existing factory was very old and was thought to be too small for

1368-557: Was renovated some years later for Immanuel Halton , an astronomer . In the 18th Century it was abandoned (apart from the farmhouse in the centre) and then further damaged when stone was taken for building Wingfield Hall, in the valley below. The remains include a usable tower, part of a greater tower that included, before the English Civil War, one of the earliest flushing systems in England. A cistern of water, positioned at

1406-424: Was the centre of the wapentake of Appletree, which included Duffield Frith . With his wife Bertha, he endowed Tutbury Priory with two manors in about 1080. It would seem that Tutbury at that time was a dependency of the Norman abbey of St Pierre‑sur‑Dives . William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby joined a rebellion against Henry II in 1173–74 and Tutbury Castle was one of at least twenty castles belonging to

1444-496: Was too close to the kitchens and the "smoke and scent of meat" from below, despite being the best lodging in the house. It may have been at Wingfield that Mary met Anthony Babington , whose family lived at Dethick nearby, who organised the abortive Babington Plot , a Recusant Catholic plot against Elizabeth I . The walnut tree in the north courtyard is reputed to have grown from a seed left when Anthony Babington smeared walnut juice over his face to disguise himself and enter

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