Misplaced Pages

#934065

29-812: In 1925, the spit was cut by a storm, forming Tuzla Island . The open-water channel between Tuzla Island and the Russian mainland where the spit had previously existed reached over a kilometer in width. Tuzla Spit consisted of the Tuzla Island ( 45°16′07″N 36°32′58″E  /  45.26861°N 36.54944°E  / 45.26861; 36.54944 ) and two small islands on the Russian side ( 45°13′33″N 36°35′34″E  /  45.22583°N 36.59278°E  / 45.22583; 36.59278 and 45°12′49″N 36°36′26″E  /  45.21361°N 36.60722°E  / 45.21361; 36.60722 ), and

58-527: A law on June 25, 1946). It was stripped of its autonomous status as a result of the alleged crimes of Crimean Tatars during World War II . 90% of toponyms were changed in 1944–1949 from mostly Crimean Tatar to Russian. On 19 February 1954, the oblast was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR jurisdiction, on the basis of "the integral character of the economy,

87-517: A narrow sand bar connecting them all. The two small islands were re-connected to each other by the 2003 construction by Russia of the 4.1 km long Tuzla dam ( 45°14′39″N 36°35′31″E  /  45.24417°N 36.59194°E  / 45.24417; 36.59194 ). The Tuzla Spit formed the southern shore of the Taman Bay ; the northern shore is the Chushka Spit . The remnants of

116-652: A series of public conflict between the two men. The constitutional rights of the forcibly-resettled Tatars were restored with a decree dated September 5, 1967, but they were not allowed to return until the last days of the Soviet Union. The Crimean ASSR was converted into the Crimean Oblast of the Russian SFSR on June 30, 1945 by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (published as

145-416: A small fishing settlement with a few private garden lots, and two vacation resorts, "Albatross" and "Two Seas". The island's electricity was supplied by two diesel power stations. The island also had a pier and a helicopter pad. A second pier located near the fishing settlement was in critical condition and not in use. Two concrete surface roads run along the island. From May through October, a store operated at

174-710: The Border Service of Ukraine briefly detained the Russian tugboat Truzhenik , which had crossed the State Border of Ukraine and conducted photo and video surveillance of the island. On October 23, 2003, the Ukrainian parliament issued a resolution "to eliminate a threat to the territorial integrity of Ukraine that appeared as a result of dam construction by the Russian Federation in the strait of Kerch". A provisional special parliamentary commission

203-686: The Republic of Crimea within Ukraine . On 21 September 1994 it was renamed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea by Verkhovna Rada . This name was used for Crimea (with the exception of the city of Sevastopol ) in the new Ukrainian Constitution of 1996. The status of Sevastopol, due to its strategic importance as the main base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, remained disputed between Ukraine and Russia until 1997 when it

232-633: The "Two Seas" resort. The island was used during the construction of the Crimean Bridge , which opened in May 2018, connecting Crimea to the Taman Peninsula . Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925. In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at

261-535: The 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol. Since Russia annexed Crimea in March 2014, the island has been transferred into the possession of Russia's central government by the newly established Crimean authorities and was used as a stepping stone for a new bridge linking Crimea to mainland Russia . Crimean Oblast Several different governments controlled the Crimean Peninsula during

290-577: The Cabinet of Ukraine issued Order #429p, which foresaw the construction of shore reinforcement structures and population transfer from the flooding territories. Following the 2003 conflict, the Supreme Council of Crimea ordered the establishment of a new settlement on the island. However, on September 6, 2006, the Kerch city administration refused to create such a settlement, as it conflicted with

319-564: The Soviet Union entered World War II in 1941, it was part of the Crimean Oblast . This in turn on February 19, 1954, became a part of the Ukrainian SSR , which after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 became the state of Ukraine . There was a territorial dispute over the ownership of the island between Ukraine and Russia in October 2003. The Russian authorities claimed the 1954 transfer of Crimea to Ukraine had only included

SECTION 10

#1732765844935

348-980: The Soviet government with the support of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee , ended in the creation of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Birobidzhan , as the Soviet government feared establishing it in Crimea would provoke antisemitic sentiments. The second attempt, by the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee between 1943 and 1944, led to the Night of the Murdered Poets and heightened persecution of Jews as Stalin feared

377-414: The Soviet regime in 1944 and the peninsula was resettled with other peoples, mainly Russians and Ukrainians, leaving the autonomous republic without its titular nationality . It was thus downgraded to an oblast within the Russian SFSR on 30 June 1945. The oblast was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. Following a state-sanctioned referendum in 1991, it became again an autonomous republic , within

406-578: The Tuzla Spit were utilized in the building of the Crimean Bridge . Tuzla Island Tuzla Island ( Ukrainian : Тузла , Russian : Тузла , Crimean Tatar : Tuzla ; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan ) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch , between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in

435-921: The Ukrainian SSR, and then within independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. On 18 October 1921, the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was created within the Russian SFSR on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. It was renamed the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1936 by the Eighth Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the USSR . There were two attempts, both unsuccessful, to establish Jewish autonomy in Crimea . The first attempt, conducted by

464-664: The administrative-territorial composition of the city. The distance to the unfinished causeway that stretches from the Taman peninsula is about 100 m (330 ft), with water depth along the former shallow no more than 60 cm (24 in). Disputes about the right of passage were resolved by a 2003 bilateral agreement on cooperation in the use of the Sea of Azov and the Strait of Kerch, which made these water bodies shared internal waters of both countries, but new tensions arose after

493-552: The continental parts of Crimea, even though the Tuzla Island had been administratively part of Crimea since 1941. The Russian side started to build a causeway from the Taman Peninsula towards the island to revive the eroded peninsula without any preliminary consultations with the Ukrainian government authorities. After the construction of the 3.8 km causeway was suspended exactly at the Russian-Ukrainian border,

522-400: The distance between the causeway and the island was 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The causeway increased the intensity of the stream in the strait and the deterioration of the island. To prevent the deterioration, the government of Ukraine funded groundwork to deepen the bed of the strait. Ukraine refused to recognize the strait as inner waters of both countries until 2003. On October 21, 2003,

551-696: The east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. The Strait of Kerch connects the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea . Administratively, Tuzla Island is part of the Kerch municipality of eastern Crimea . Officially the island does not have a permanent settlement; however, it had a border station (the Simferopol Detachment of the Border Service of Ukraine ),

580-408: The establishment of a Jewish republic in Crimea with American support. Crimea was under de facto control of Nazi Germany from September 1942 to October 1943, administratively incorporated into Reichskommissariat Ukraine as Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien . Alfred Frauenfeld was appointed as General Commissar (although it seems that Frauenfeld spent most of his time in Crimea researching

609-634: The island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times. Before

SECTION 20

#1732765844935

638-475: The military sense had been rather limited, with a recorded 9,225 Crimean Tatars serving in anti-Soviet Tatar Legions and other German formed battalions , but there was in fact a surprisingly high degree of co-operation between the occupation government and the local administration; this has been significantly due to Frauenfeld's unwillingness to implement the policy of brutality towards the local population pursued by Reichskommissar Erich Koch , which led to

667-699: The peninsula's Gothic heritage and the actual government was in the hands of Erich von Manstein ). During the war, there was also widespread resistance to the German occupation . In 1944, under the pretext of alleged collaboration of the Crimean Tatars with the Nazi occupation regime, the Soviet government deported the Crimean Tatar people from Crimea, according to GKO Order No. 5859ss of Joseph Stalin and Lavrentiy Beria . Actual collaboration in

696-880: The period of the Soviet Union , from the 1920s to 1991. The government of Crimea from 1921 to 1936 was the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic , which was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR); the name was altered slightly to the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 to 1945. Due to alleged collaboration of Crimean Tatars with Nazi Germany during World War II , all Crimean Tatars were deported by

725-532: The site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when

754-605: The territorial proximity and the close economic and cultural ties between the Crimea Province and the Ukrainian SSR" and to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Ukraine's union with Russia . Sevastopol was a closed city due to its importance as the port of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and was attached to the Crimean Oblast only in 1978. On 12 February 1991, the status of Crimea Oblast

783-633: Was agreed that it should be treated as a " city with special status " within Ukraine. With the establishment of the autonomous republic in 1921, Crimea was divided into seven okrugs , which in turn were divided into 20 raions : In November 1923, the okrugs were abolished and 15 raions were created instead, but in 1924, five of these were abolished. On 30 October 1930, the remaining ten raions were reorganized into 16 new ones, and four cities under direct republican control. In 1935, 10 new raions were added and one abolished. In 1937, one more raion

812-627: Was changed to that of autonomous republic, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR as the result of a state-sanctioned referendum held on 20 January 1991. 4 months later, on June 19, appropriate changes were made to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR. With effect from 6 May 1992, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was transformed into

841-471: Was created to investigate the case more thoroughly. On October 30–31, 2003, talks started between Ukraine and Russia that led to suspension of the construction of the causeway. Due to the conflict, on December 2, 2003, a border patrol station of Ukraine was installed on the island. On December 5, 2003, the Cabinet of Ukraine issued Order #735p in regard to urgent measures to save the island. On July 4, 2004,

#934065